US3454463A - Methods of making newsprint paper - Google Patents

Methods of making newsprint paper Download PDF

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Publication number
US3454463A
US3454463A US564643A US56464366A US3454463A US 3454463 A US3454463 A US 3454463A US 564643 A US564643 A US 564643A US 56464366 A US56464366 A US 56464366A US 3454463 A US3454463 A US 3454463A
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United States
Prior art keywords
web
paper
newsprint
stretch
roll
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US564643A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hewitt S Welsh
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clupak Inc
Original Assignee
Clupak Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clupak Inc filed Critical Clupak Inc
Priority to US564643A priority Critical patent/US3454463A/en
Priority to DK53467AA priority patent/DK123424B/da
Priority to FI670341A priority patent/FI49202C/fi
Priority to DE1967C0041461 priority patent/DE1696176B2/de
Priority to BR187071/67A priority patent/BR6787071D0/pt
Priority to AT170967A priority patent/AT283897B/de
Priority to GB10669/67A priority patent/GB1134675A/en
Priority to FR97774A priority patent/FR1519019A/fr
Priority to GR670133591A priority patent/GR33591B/el
Priority to NL6704845A priority patent/NL6704845A/xx
Priority to NO168286A priority patent/NO131684C/no
Priority to BE701079D priority patent/BE701079A/xx
Priority to ES342809A priority patent/ES342809A1/es
Priority to SE10500/67A priority patent/SE340947B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3454463A publication Critical patent/US3454463A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/24—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper
    • D21H5/245—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for having enhanced flexibility or extensibility produced by mechanical treatment of the unfinished paper obtained by compressing the (moist) paper in directions lying in, and optionally perpendicular to, the paper plane, e.g. plain-surfaced Clupak papers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment

Definitions

  • a typical furnish of newsprint which will vary with the type of printing machine to be employed, may contain from 70 to 80% groundwood with the rest chemical fibre. Normally the newsprint sheet is unfilled, although in some instances a filler such as clay is added in percentages up to 5 to 6%.
  • the current definition of newsprint stemming from that originally contained in section 1772 'of United Tariff Act of 1930 now calls for not less than 70% of groundwood30% bleached sulfate to 80% groundwood20% bleached sulfate. According to this definition mixtures of sulfate and sulfite pulps can be used but not above 25% of the total furnish.
  • a further problem has to do with maintaining registry of the sheet, which is accentuated by the increasing use of color pages in newspapers.
  • the web is first colorprinted on a separate printing machine. It is then run through the main machine where the reverse side is printed. It is obvious that the registry of the printed matter on the side of the sheet reverse from the color printing must be exact, since the error in registry in each page is cumulative. In general, such registry problem would be facilitated if the web has sufiicient strength and stretchability to permit it to be stretched a necessary amount.
  • newsprint in common with other water laid papers, is characterized by what is termed two-sidedness, i.e., the side of the paper formed next to the Fourdrinier wire is less smooth than the reverse or so-called felt side.
  • My invention is predicated upon my discovery that by subjecting the newsprint web preferably during its manufacture and while the web is comparatively wet, to the step of controlled compressive shrinking, a newsprint paper will be produced having an increased tensile energy absorption (T.E.A.) such as to eliminate the above mentioned drawbacks and which will impart to the sheet other superior qualities as will be apparent hereinafter. While the idea broadly of subjecting certain papers to compressive shrinkage is not new per se, in view of the Cluett Patent No. 2,624,245 of J an.
  • a further and salient feature of the invention is that it enables the paper maker to furnish paper to the printer at a substantially less moisture content than is frequently the case since the paper maker no longer needs to rely upon a high moisture content to bolster the T.E.A. value. This relationship between moisture and T.E.A. will be apparent from FIG. 6 to be subsequently referred to.
  • Standard newsprint paper as a rule cannot be satisfactorily printed by offset because of linting, so much so that it is often required that paper for offset be safe to No. 11 wax on the Dennison scale. Because of the action of the compactor it is considered that the treated paper will have less tendency to pick and may be used in offset printing presses for which the untreated paper would not be suited, or the improved method may be utilized to bring up to specification newsprint paper which has a reduced content of chemical fibre and which otherwise would not be suitable. Thereby further advantage may be taken of the favorable properties of groundwood as respects printability.
  • a still further advantage resides in the fact that because of the substantial elimination of two-sidedness, less calendering action will be necessary, whereby much less risk will be run of so-called extruding or elongating of the web in the calendar. If the action of the first portion of the calendar rolls does result in elongating the web, and hence the production of a slack, a fold is likely to be created which will cut the paper as it passes between the subsequent calendar rolls.
  • FIGURES 1 and 1A are diagrammatic views in side elevation of a machine of known construction for making newsprint paper which includes a compactor for carrying out the compressive shrinking;
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view of the compactor used
  • FIGURE 3 is a view of a second form of compacting apparatus likewise heretofore known
  • FIGURE 4 is a view in elevation as seen from the left of FIGURE 3;
  • FIGURE 5 is an enlarged view taken on line 55 of FIGURE 4.
  • FIGURE 6 consists of graphs obtained by plotting values of T.E.A. measured both in the machine direction (MD) and in the cross machine direction (CD) both for compacted and uncompacted newsprint.
  • FIGURE 2 showing the first mentioned form of the compactor unit, per se, 10, 11 and 12 respectively denote the three idler rolls which together with a bar 13 hold a thick belt 15 of rubber against heated drum 16 for a portion of the periphery thereof, said bar having a convex surface, as shown, in contact with said belt.
  • the bar 13 and associated devices i.e. belt 15 and rolls -12 are held so as to be adjustably movable toward and away from drum 16 by means not shown, and means are also provided permitting sideways movement of bar 13 in respect to the drum 16.
  • the degree of wrap of the belt with respect to the drum 16, as well as the force with which it presses web P against said drum may be suitably varied.
  • Drum 16 is heated by means not shown, as by steam fed to the interior of said drum.
  • the heated drum causes additional heating of the web, while the thus heated water in the web causes a softening and increased flexibility of the fibres thereof.
  • the coefficient of friction between the wet web and the heated drum 16 is relatively low at drum temperatures of about 212 F., or above, and especially so as compared to the coefficient of friction between the web and the surface of the belt 15 in contact therewith.
  • belt 15 is not independently driven but receives its movement from contact with web P. Therefore, the pressure between the belt 15 and roll 16 must be such as to enable the belt to be driven.
  • the are of contact of the belt 15 and the roll 16 will also depend upon the amount of shrinkage to be undergone; for the present purposes such arc of around 20 to 60 has been found satisfactory.
  • FIG. 1 The application of compresive shrinkage to the newsprint web in such condition is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the press section 25 following which is the customary drier stack 26 with which is associated upper felt belt 27 and lower felt belt 28.
  • the moisture content of the web as it leaves the press section is in the neighborhood of 66%, or greater, which is too high for passing through the compactor.
  • the latter previously described and now denoted 30 is, therefore, disposed in the drier stack 26 at a point where the moisture content of the web is from 30 to 50% (preferably 32 to 38%).
  • the paper is further dried to the desired value e.g. 4 to 10% (preferably 5 to 7%) moisture for the finished paper by the means shown consisting of drier rolls and felts, the same as those to the left of compactor 30 already described.
  • the dried paper is then passed to the machine calendar 35.
  • the wire side of the web is that which is held in contact with the drum 16, the ironing and smoothing action of which in combination with the shrinking action of the belt 15 is effective to reduce and even substantially eliminate the quality of twosidedness normally possessed by newsprint paper.
  • the surface of the drum 16 should be smooth chromium, cast iron, etc.
  • the rubber belt 15 have a Durometer hardness of 60 and the nip pressure thereof against belt 15 range from 50 to 200 pounds per linear inch; the tension of the belt be held at 40 pounds per linear inch.
  • the drum 16 is maintained at a temperature of approximately 230 to 250 F. at the exterior surface thereof.
  • the felt side of the paper also receives some polishing but not as much as the wire side in the arrangement above described.
  • a controlled amount of longitudinal compressive shrinkage is imparted to the paper web.
  • the amount of imparted shrinkage will increase the stretch by substantially the same amount. For example, if the amount of primitive stretch of the paper is 1% and the web is compressively shrunk or compacted 4%, the amount that the paper can be stretched before rupture will be about 5%.
  • the web will have a total stretch of substantially from 2 to 5% in the machine direction or slightly higher.
  • the so-called moisture profile i.e., the variation in moisture of the web across the width thereof be maintained within comparatively narrow limits, i.e., plus or minus 3 to 5%, inasmuch as variation in moisture content will cause the amount of compression imparted to the sheet to vary.
  • the means of maintaining the moisture profile within the stated limits is, however, well known and need not be described here.
  • the nip pressure between rolls 40, 41 may be suitably varied.
  • an electric motor 60 is provided for driving the lower roll 41.
  • an electric motor 60 is provided operating through a reduction gear box 61 and TABLE Moisture content (percent) 2. 3 4. 3 8. 45 10. 12. 2
  • the space between the curve MD compacted and the curve MD Control indicates the substantial increase in T.E.A. obtained.
  • the curves also bring out the fact that the user of the compacted paper does not need to rely upon high moisture content for the purpose of obtaining high T.E.A.
  • the added stretch imparted to the newsprint web will vary as above stated from approximately 2%, or slightly under, to approximately 4% and the T.E.A. value of the finished paper will vary from about 0.15 to about 0.35 inch pounds per square inch.
  • the compactor 30 may be operated to produce a somewhat greater shrinkage of the web, as for example, which is thereupon stretched by the controlled drawing action of the drying rolls subsequent to the compactor, so that the final paper shrinkage is approximately the same amount as previously indicated. In this way the wire side of the web is given an increased polishing action.
  • a pair of rolls 40, 41 are mounted so as to recei-ve web P in the nip between them.
  • Upper roll 40 has a relatively soft outer layer 42 of rubbery material, whereas lower roll 41 has a polished metal surface similar to roll 16.
  • Rolls 40, 41 are so mounted as to afford a nip pressure which may be varied as desired.
  • upper roll 40 is journalled in bearings 43, 44 in the respective upper ends of bell crank levers 46, 47 held in uprights 50, 51 on pivots, one of which 53 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the lower end of bell crank 46 is pivotally attached to a link 53a which in turn is attached to a piston, not shown, in cylinder 54 held in upright 51.
  • bell crank 47 is linked to a piston in cylinder 55 on upright 50.
  • pistons in cylinders 54, 55 in response to air or shaft 62 equipped with flexible couplings 63, 64 of conventional type.
  • Said shaft 62 is journalled at 65 which together with bearing 66 supports roll 41 as shown.
  • roll 40 is driven by the action of roll 41 acting through the web P. It is a feature of this type of apparatus that the upper relatively soft surfaced roll 40 turns at a somewhat slower surface speed than the lower roll 41 and to vary this speed differential between the rolls a brake 68 is provided operating on a drum 69 which is held in an upright 70. To allow for the slight to and fro movement of the upper roll 40 toward and away from the lower roll 41, the brake drum 69 is connected to the roll 40 by means of shaft 71 provided with universal joints 72, 73 of conventional type.
  • the lower hard roll 41 engages the upper roll with sufficient force so as to bite into the rubbery layer 42 with the consequent deformation thereof so as to engage the 'web over a relatively large area of contact.
  • the web is compressively shrunk aided by the factors of the moisture content of the web and if desired the elevated temperature thereof.
  • the latter may be effected by pre-heating the web, for example, on the drying rolls and additionally the lower roll 41 may be equipped with internal heating means not shown. Thereafter the web having undergone compressive shrinking is dried in conventional manner, as for example, as is the case of the web P above described.
  • the method of making a newsprint paper web with enhanced properties of T.E.A. and stretch on a Fourdrinier paper machine comprising: taking a paper furnish containing a minimum of 65% groundwood; removing a part of the moisture from the paper furnish until it has a moisture content in the range of approximately 30 to 50% by weight to form a coherent paper web; mechanically pushing and crowding the fibers of said coherent paper web together between the faces of the web while the web is in a plastic condition to shrink the web substantially above the desired value which is on the order of 2 to 4%, the shrinking being carried out by confining the coherent paper web under pressure between a rigid, moving, smooth surface of a rotating element and a resilient non-porous surface which moves at a somewhat less linear speed than that of the smooth surface, the wire side of the coherent paper web passing in contact with the smooth surface; and thereafter stretching the web to the desired value which is on the order of 2 to 4%; and completing the drying of the web.
  • the method of making a newsprint paper web with enhanced properties of T.E.A. and stretch on a Fourdrinier paper machine comprising: taking a paper furnish containing substantially 80% groundwood; removing a part of the moisture from the paper furnish until it has a moisture content in the range of approximately 30 to 50% by weight to form a coherent paperweb; mechanically pushing and crowding the fibers of the coherent paper web together between the faces of the web While thet web is in a plastic condition to shrink the Web substantially above the desired value which is on the order of from 2 to 4%, the shrinking being carried out by confining the web under pressure between a rigid, moving, smooth surface of a rotating element and a resilient nonporous surface which moves at a somewhat less linear speed than that of the smooth surface, the wire side of the paper passing in contact with the smooth surface; and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Collating Specific Patterns (AREA)
US564643A 1966-07-12 1966-07-12 Methods of making newsprint paper Expired - Lifetime US3454463A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US564643A US3454463A (en) 1966-07-12 1966-07-12 Methods of making newsprint paper
DK53467AA DK123424B (da) 1966-07-12 1967-01-30 Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling på papirmaskinen af avispapir indeholdende mindst 65% mekanisk masse.
FI670341A FI49202C (fi) 1966-07-12 1967-02-06 Menetelmä valmistaa vähintään 65% hiomamassaa sisältävää sanomalehtipa peria.
DE1967C0041461 DE1696176B2 (de) 1966-07-12 1967-02-10 Verfahren zum herstellen von kompressiv verdichtetem papier
BR187071/67A BR6787071D0 (pt) 1966-07-12 1967-02-15 Processo de fabricacao de papel de imprensa e papel de imprensa fabricacao pelo mesmo
AT170967A AT283897B (de) 1966-07-12 1967-02-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Zeitungspapier
GB10669/67A GB1134675A (en) 1966-07-12 1967-03-07 Newsprint paper and methods of making same
FR97774A FR1519019A (fr) 1966-07-12 1967-03-07 Procédé de fabrication de papier-journal et papier ainsi obtenu
GR670133591A GR33591B (el) 1966-07-12 1967-03-09 Χαρτης εφημεριδων και μεθοδοι κατασκευης αυτου.
NL6704845A NL6704845A (xx) 1966-07-12 1967-04-05
NO168286A NO131684C (xx) 1966-07-12 1967-05-24
BE701079D BE701079A (xx) 1966-07-12 1967-07-07
ES342809A ES342809A1 (es) 1966-07-12 1967-07-08 Procedimiento de fabricacion de papel para periodicos.
SE10500/67A SE340947B (xx) 1966-07-12 1967-07-12

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US564643A US3454463A (en) 1966-07-12 1966-07-12 Methods of making newsprint paper

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US3454463A true US3454463A (en) 1969-07-08

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US564643A Expired - Lifetime US3454463A (en) 1966-07-12 1966-07-12 Methods of making newsprint paper

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US (1) US3454463A (xx)
AT (1) AT283897B (xx)
BE (1) BE701079A (xx)
BR (1) BR6787071D0 (xx)
DE (1) DE1696176B2 (xx)
DK (1) DK123424B (xx)
ES (1) ES342809A1 (xx)
FI (1) FI49202C (xx)
FR (1) FR1519019A (xx)
GB (1) GB1134675A (xx)
GR (1) GR33591B (xx)
NL (1) NL6704845A (xx)
NO (1) NO131684C (xx)
SE (1) SE340947B (xx)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3748225A (en) * 1970-11-19 1973-07-24 Beloit Corp Fibrous web press nip structure including nonporous belts backed by pistons supported with fluid pressure
US4040899A (en) * 1972-07-03 1977-08-09 Clupak, Inc. Production of high strength packaging papers from straw
US4081316A (en) * 1974-12-05 1978-03-28 Molnlycke Ab Method for producing fluffed pulp
WO1996031647A1 (en) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-10 Cartiere Cariolaro S.P.A. Method for producing yieldable paper and plant for implementing the method
US6447641B1 (en) * 1996-11-15 2002-09-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Transfer system and process for making a stretchable fibrous web and article produced thereof
WO2004029361A1 (ja) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-08 Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. 伸張紙の製造方法
US20040123966A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-07-01 Altman Thomas E. Web smoothness improvement process
US20040241435A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-12-02 Tesa Ag Adhesive masking tape
WO2006021500A1 (de) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn mit gesteigertem volumen

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908071A (en) * 1972-10-10 1975-09-23 Clupak Inc External sizing of extensible paper
US5830321A (en) * 1997-01-29 1998-11-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for improved rush transfer to produce high bulk without macrofolds

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624245A (en) * 1952-06-11 1953-01-06 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Modified paper and method for its manufacture
US2996425A (en) * 1959-06-29 1961-08-15 St Regis Paper Co Extensible paper product and process
US3055496A (en) * 1956-11-23 1962-09-25 Johnson & Johnson Unified paper sheet, process of making, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape made therefrom
US3382140A (en) * 1966-12-30 1968-05-07 Crown Zellerbach Corp Process for fibrillating cellulosic fibers and products thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2624245A (en) * 1952-06-11 1953-01-06 Cluett Peabody & Co Inc Modified paper and method for its manufacture
US3055496A (en) * 1956-11-23 1962-09-25 Johnson & Johnson Unified paper sheet, process of making, and pressure-sensitive adhesive tape made therefrom
US2996425A (en) * 1959-06-29 1961-08-15 St Regis Paper Co Extensible paper product and process
US3382140A (en) * 1966-12-30 1968-05-07 Crown Zellerbach Corp Process for fibrillating cellulosic fibers and products thereof

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3748225A (en) * 1970-11-19 1973-07-24 Beloit Corp Fibrous web press nip structure including nonporous belts backed by pistons supported with fluid pressure
US4040899A (en) * 1972-07-03 1977-08-09 Clupak, Inc. Production of high strength packaging papers from straw
US4081316A (en) * 1974-12-05 1978-03-28 Molnlycke Ab Method for producing fluffed pulp
WO1996031647A1 (en) * 1995-04-07 1996-10-10 Cartiere Cariolaro S.P.A. Method for producing yieldable paper and plant for implementing the method
AU694648B2 (en) * 1995-04-07 1998-07-23 Cartiere Cariolaro S.P.A. Method for producing yieldable paper and plant for implementing the method
US6024832A (en) * 1995-04-07 2000-02-15 Giorgio Trani Cartiere Cariolaro S. P. A. Method and apparatus for producing extensible paper
US6447641B1 (en) * 1996-11-15 2002-09-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Transfer system and process for making a stretchable fibrous web and article produced thereof
US20040123966A1 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-07-01 Altman Thomas E. Web smoothness improvement process
WO2004029361A1 (ja) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-08 Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. 伸張紙の製造方法
US20040241435A1 (en) * 2003-04-11 2004-12-02 Tesa Ag Adhesive masking tape
WO2006021500A1 (de) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung einer faserstoffbahn mit gesteigertem volumen
US20070267161A1 (en) * 2004-08-20 2007-11-22 Voit Patent Gmbh Machine and Method for the Production of a Web of Fiber Material with an Increased Volume

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO131684B (xx) 1975-04-01
DK123424B (da) 1972-06-19
FR1519019A (fr) 1968-03-29
BR6787071D0 (pt) 1973-06-28
DE1696176B2 (de) 1976-09-30
NO131684C (xx) 1975-07-09
FI49202C (fi) 1975-04-10
GB1134675A (en) 1968-11-27
GR33591B (el) 1967-12-21
BE701079A (xx) 1967-12-18
FI49202B (xx) 1974-12-31
NL6704845A (xx) 1968-01-15
SE340947B (xx) 1971-12-06
ES342809A1 (es) 1968-08-16
DE1696176A1 (de) 1971-12-16
AT283897B (de) 1970-08-25

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