US3452721A - Recuperative boiler - Google Patents

Recuperative boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
US3452721A
US3452721A US667769A US3452721DA US3452721A US 3452721 A US3452721 A US 3452721A US 667769 A US667769 A US 667769A US 3452721D A US3452721D A US 3452721DA US 3452721 A US3452721 A US 3452721A
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Prior art keywords
boiler
water
nest
casing
heating
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Expired - Lifetime
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US667769A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernard Marie Andre Mariette
Jules Maurice Pierre Teyssedre
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FIVES PENHOET
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FIVES PENHOET
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations

Definitions

  • the manufacturing of many synthetic products includes nowadays the preparatory production of a synthetic gas which is often put out at a high temperature (for instance ranging about 1,000 C.) and under an important pressure (for example in the range of 30 bars).
  • a synthetic gas which is often put out at a high temperature (for instance ranging about 1,000 C.) and under an important pressure (for example in the range of 30 bars).
  • the subsequent treatment of these gases with respect to the requirements of the synthetic process may need a substantial lowering of their temperature, which should for instance be brought down from 1,000 C. to 400 C.
  • the present invention relates to an industrial recuperative boiler, the new, simple and solid construction of which is designed to meet the most exacting requirements.
  • An industrial recuperat-ive boiler conformable to the invention designed to produce for instance saturated steam under a high pressure by using at least partly the sensible heat of a heating uid at an important temperature and under a high pressure, is remarkable especially in that it comprises a cylindrical tubular body with a vertical axis, said body being provided in its central area with a median lateral orifice for the admission of the aforesaid heating fluid and at its opposite ends rwith lateral orifices to exhaust said heating fluid, a nest of water tubes, said nest being coaxial with said body, the upper ends of said tubes being rendered solid with a tubular plate integral with an emulsion or steam casing obturating the top end of said body and supporting said nest, while the lower ends of said tubes are rendered solid ⁇ with a tubu-lar plate integral with a water casing housed Within sa'id lbody and obturating the lower end of the latter by means of a uid-tight expansion joint allowing a free axial shifting
  • the location selected for the admission and exhaust orifices for the heating ⁇ fluid results in that the latter is divided in two symmetrical streams so that both tubular plates obturating the ends of the boiler body receive but relatively cool gases and may consequently not be subjected to any damaging stresses.
  • the aforementioned boiler body comprises at least one bypass orifice provided between the aforesaid admission and exhaust orifices, a portion of said heating fluid being possibly derived thru said 'by-pass orifice in order to regulate the output temperature of said fluid.
  • the heat-exchange nest of the aforementioned boiler is provided with axially spaced transverse deilectors forming baille-plates on the path of said heating uid.
  • the raforementioned deectors are made up by alternately arranged small lids and annular diaphragms.
  • the recuperative boiler hereafter described as an example embodying this invention is designed to supply saturated steam under a very high pressure, for instance under bars, said boiler being for example heated by a gas of synthesis produced under a 30 bars pressure at a temperature of about 1,000 C., said temperature having then to be reduced to about 400 C. for example.
  • These heating-gas characteristics correspond to important heatexchange factors which allow the use of simple structural arrangements, especially of a water-steam circuit of a type including water tubes and a natural circulation.
  • the illustrated boiler comprises essentially 4a body 10 made up by a thick metal covering 11 having an essentially tubular general configuration and vertical axis, the middle area of said covering being provided with a lateral orifice 12 for the admission of the heating gas G, while its top and bottom ends are provided with lateral orifices, respectively 13 and 13", allowing to exhaust said gas.
  • the inner surface of the metal covering 11 is entirely covered by a fitting 14 of a refractory and insulating material, the thickness of which is locally increased on both sides of the heating-gas admission orifice 12, said additional thickness increasing locally the diameter of the metal covering 11 without modifying the inner diameter of the fitting, for the hereinafter given reasons.
  • the upper end of the metal covering 11 surrounding the Iboiler body comprises an external flange 15, while its bottom end comprises a conical projection 16 at the end of which is fastened by means of Huid-tight expanding bellows 17 an annular member 18 provided with an internal fiange 19.
  • the water and steam circuit comprises essentially a multi-tubular exchanging nest 20, the external shape 0f which is cylindrical with a diameter smaller than the internal surface of the boiler body, said nest being coaxial with the latter.
  • the exchanging nest 20 is constituted by mere straight vertical water tubes 21, arranged in a dense network which may for instance be of the centered hexagonal mesh type.
  • the bottom ends of the water tubes 21 are raked upon a tubular plate 31 integral with a water casing 30 installed in the bottom area 16 of the boiler body 10, said casing comprising at its lower end, on the one hand, an axial orifice 32 for the water supply and, on the other hand, an external ange 33 used to support it and tightly fastened upon the iiange 19 of the annular end piece 18 of the boiler body 10.
  • the top ends of the water tubes 21 are raked in a similar way upon a tubular plate 41 integral with a steam or emulsion casing 40, exhibiting a general cylindrical shape and comprising a lateral connection 42 to exhaust the vapor V as well as a removable cover 43.
  • the casing 40 rests and is tightly fastened upon the external flange of the boiler body 10, so that it may support thus the exchanging nest and the water casing 30 solid with said nest.
  • the heating gas G is divided within the boiler into two symmetrical streams respectively exhausted by the orifices 13 and 13; thus, in order to balance the output temperatures of the heating liuid and taking into account the different exchanging conditions met by each of said fiuid streams, one may, either provide the admission orifice 12 at unequal distances from the exhaust orifices 13' and 13, or again provide the latter with different passage diameters so as to make the circulation speed proportional to the two gas streams.
  • the boiler body 10 may be provided with by-pass orifices 51 and 52 located upstream of the respective exhaust orifices 13 and 13l and thru which controlled portions G and G of the heating fluid (said portions being not necessarily identical) may be derived, so as to adjust for each case the output temperature of said fiuid when it is exhausted thru the orifices 13 and 13.
  • the invention aims also to provide means liable to improve the thermal exchange conditions between the heating gas G and the water tubes composing the nest 20, by obliging said gas to follow a path passing thru Amberplates, most of said plates being transversely arranged with respect to said tubes.
  • these means are composed of axially spaced transverse defiectors, carried by the water tubes 21 and alternately made up by circular lids 61, arranged in the axis of the nest, and by annular diaphragms 62 the external periphery of which comes practically into contact with the internal refractory coating surface 14.
  • the endmost defiectors of each bafieplate, especially those framing the gas admission orifice 12, are made up by diaphragms securing a proper penetration of the heating gas into the center of the nest.
  • each deflector is made up by a part of a sleeve surrounding the exchanging nest 20 opposite to the exhaust orifice.
  • the baffle thus constituted obliges the heating gas to maintain its longitudinal motion within the exchanging nest 20 up to the end of the latter, and to pass then thru the peripheral annular space towards the exhaust orifice.
  • the sleeves 25 and 25" are worked out of stainless steel sheets solid with the peripheral tubes of the exchanging nest 20 and consequently the aforesaid unit making up the water-steam circuit.
  • the water E fed into the water casing 30 thru the axial admission orifice 32 passes thru the tubular plate 31 into the water tubes 21.
  • the calories provided by the heating gas G make appear a water and steam emulsion in these water tubes, the lower density of which creates an ascensional force securing the natural circulation of the water, then of the emulsion towards the emulsion casing 40 and from there towards an external ask including means for the separation of the steam and for its subsequent use.
  • the simple geometrical structure of the boiler body 10 allows an easy working out of its metal covering 11 from substantially thick sheets assembled by welding, so that said boiler body is apt to resist to high internal pressures while remaining perfectly Huid-tight. Besides, taking into account its vertical position, said body may constitute a self-supporting structure, so that the installation of the boiler is made much easier. Moreover, the simple geometrical shape of the boiler body 10 allows also to provide it with an integral refractory coating 40 ⁇ which will make it resistant to high temperatures and possible to corrosion by the heating gas G.
  • the construction as a single unit of the water-steam circuit offers many other advantages, directly related to its easy installation and disassembly, which allow to visit very often the boiler body, especially in order to make sure of a good upkeep of the refractory coating and possibly to remove any deposits capable of contaminating the heating gas.
  • the straight tubes 21 composing the exchanging nest are easily reached, with or without a disassembly of the water-steam circuit, on the one hand, from the axial water admission orifice 32, and on the other hand, thru the removable cover 43 of the emulsion casing 40. These arrangements allow to clean easily the inside of a tube or again to replace Such a tube.
  • a boiler for utilizing a heating fluid at high temperature and pressure comprising: an upright generally cylindrical tubular body having an upper bearer flange and provided intermediate its ends with a lateral inlet orifice and near said ends with respective lateral outlet orifices for said heating fiuid; an annual member located under said body and having an internal flange; an expansion joint sealingly fastening said annular member to said body; an elongated assembly insertable within said body and annular member from the upper end thereof and consisting of an upper steam casing, a lower water casing and an intermedite nest of tubes, said upper casing and lower casing being arranged, when inserting said assembly within said body, to rest respectively on said bearer ange and internal fiange, and to be tightly fastened thereto.
  • a boiler according to claim 3 wherein the respective cross-sectional areas of said outlet orifices, are determined in relation to the axial position of the inlet orifice so as to balance the temperatures of said heating fluid at both said outlet orifices, and wherein the aggregate crosssectional area of the outlet orifices is substantially equal to that of the inlet orifice.
  • a boiler according to claim 4, wherein said body comprises at least one by-pass orifice operatively disposed between said inlet orifice and one of said outlet orifices, through which a controllable fraction of said heating fluid may be derived.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 wherein said nest is built up from water tubes extending generally longitudinally of said body, and is provided with axially spaced, transverse defiectors.
  • a boiler according to claim 6, wheerin said deliectors consist of plain discs and annular diaphragms disposed alternately.
  • annular ⁇ diaphragms adjacent to said outlet suddenlys are provided with a part-cylindrical extension disposed outside of said nest in front of said outlet orifices.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 wherein said steam casing is provided with a lateral steam exhaust orifice and is closed by a removable end cover, and wherein said water casing terminates at an axial water admission orifice provided with an external fiange sealingly connectable to the internal flange of said annular member.
  • An industrial recuperative boiler adapted to utilize a heating uid at high temperature and under high pressure comprising; a vertically disposed, generally cylindrical tubular body provided in its central portion with a lateral inlet orifice and at its opposite ends with a pair of lateral outlet orifices for said heating fluid; an annular member located under said body; an expansion joint sealingly fastening said annular member to said body; a nest of water tubes coaxially arranged within said body; a steam casing; a water casing; an upper tube plate and a lower tube plate rigidly connected respectively to the upper and lower ends of said tubes, said upper plate forming an integral part of said steam casing and obturating the upper end of said body and resting upon the same for supporting said nest, and said lower plate forming an integral part of said water casing, said ⁇ water casing being slidably housed Within the lower end of said body and obturating said annular member; and axially spaced, transverse deflectors disposed across said tubes.
  • a boiler according to claim 11, wherein said deflectors consist of plain discs and annular diaphragms in alternance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US667769A 1967-03-23 1967-09-14 Recuperative boiler Expired - Lifetime US3452721A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR100105A FR92035E (fr) 1967-03-23 1967-03-23 Chaudière de récupération

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3452721A true US3452721A (en) 1969-07-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US667769A Expired - Lifetime US3452721A (en) 1967-03-23 1967-09-14 Recuperative boiler

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US (1) US3452721A (de)
DE (1) DE1576802A1 (de)
FR (1) FR92035E (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923466A (en) * 1971-12-16 1975-12-02 Krupp Gmbh Apparatus for the production of cracked gas
US4136734A (en) * 1975-07-05 1979-01-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Feedwater heater
EP0062344A2 (de) * 1981-04-06 1982-10-13 The M. W. Kellogg Company Abhitzekessel und Dampfüberhitzersystem

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1892778A (en) * 1931-04-08 1933-01-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat transfer device
US1917595A (en) * 1929-07-16 1933-07-11 Elliott Co Heater
US2590465A (en) * 1944-11-14 1952-03-25 Griscom Russell Co Heat exchanger

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1917595A (en) * 1929-07-16 1933-07-11 Elliott Co Heater
US1892778A (en) * 1931-04-08 1933-01-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Heat transfer device
US2590465A (en) * 1944-11-14 1952-03-25 Griscom Russell Co Heat exchanger

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3923466A (en) * 1971-12-16 1975-12-02 Krupp Gmbh Apparatus for the production of cracked gas
US4136734A (en) * 1975-07-05 1979-01-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Feedwater heater
EP0062344A2 (de) * 1981-04-06 1982-10-13 The M. W. Kellogg Company Abhitzekessel und Dampfüberhitzersystem
EP0062344A3 (de) * 1981-04-06 1984-03-28 The M. W. Kellogg Company Abhitzekessel und Dampfüberhitzersystem

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR92035E (fr) 1968-09-13
DE1576802A1 (de) 1970-06-11

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