US3451871A - Method of treating metallic surfaces - Google Patents

Method of treating metallic surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3451871A
US3451871A US458715A US3451871DA US3451871A US 3451871 A US3451871 A US 3451871A US 458715 A US458715 A US 458715A US 3451871D A US3451871D A US 3451871DA US 3451871 A US3451871 A US 3451871A
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Prior art keywords
aluminum
metal
treating
foil
electrode
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US458715A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinrich Bauer
Hans Romgens
Hans-Jurgen Sontag
Franz Zeppelzauer
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Dessau Vetaphone Gesellschaft
Rheinische Blattmetall AG
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Dessau Vetaphone Gesellschaft
Rheinische Blattmetall AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
    • B05D3/141—Plasma treatment
    • B05D3/142—Pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/08—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation
    • B05C9/10—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material and performing an auxiliary operation the auxiliary operation being performed before the application
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/14—Guiding, positioning or aligning work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K13/00—Welding by high-frequency current heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/26—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
    • B41M1/28—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
    • C23C14/022—Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents

Definitions

  • a metal member such as for instance an elongated sheet metal member
  • the present invention relates to a method of treating metallic surfaces and, more particularly, the present in- ;vention is concerned with an electric pretreatment of metallic surfaces for the purpose of increasing the surface activity thereof with respect to the adherence of cover layers, for instance lacquers, printing inks, adhesives, or synthetic plasticvmaterial which may be applied to such metallic surfaces.
  • cover layers for instance lacquers, printing inks, adhesives, or synthetic plasticvmaterial which may be applied to such metallic surfaces.
  • the metallic surfaces which are to be treated according to the presentinvention may, prior, thereto, be subjected to a pre-treatment by chemical or physical methods for the purpose of cleaning the surfaces ofv impurities adhering thereto.
  • sheets, bands or foils of aluminum or aluminum alloys maybe subjected to soft annealing in order to remove fat therefrom, or the metallic surface may be cleaned mechanically by brushing, or chemically by applying primers or priming substances which will improve the adherence of subsequently applied cover layers and the like, or by treatment with detergents or lacquer-like bodies. All of these treatments have the purpose of cleaning a metallic surface and/or, at least to a limited extent, activating thesame so that a firmer adherence of the subsequently applied cover layer or the like can be achieved.
  • Treatment according to the present invention maybe carried out in connection with metallic surfaces which have thus been pretreated but also in connection with metallic surfaces which have thus been' pretreated but also in connection with metallic surfaces which have not been subjected to any pretreatment.
  • the present invention contemplates a method of treating a metal surface so as to improve the adherence of a cover layer thereto, comprising the step of subjecting hte metal surface to a high voltage, high frequency alternating field.
  • the present invention also includes a method of treating the surface of a metal body so as to improve the adherence of a cover layer thereto, comprising the steps of subjecting a surface portion consisting essentially of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, lead and tin to a high voltage, high frequency alternating field of between 50,000 and 600,000 volts and between 25 and 400 kHz., and applying a cover layer to the thus treated surface portion.
  • the metal surface which may or may not have been pretreated, for instance as described above, is subjected to a short time exposure to a high voltage, high frequency alternating field, whereby the metal body, the surface of which is to be treated, serves as one of the two electrodes between which the high voltage, high frequency alternating field is formed.
  • the alternating high frequency field which is to be applied according to the present invention generally should have a voltage of between 50,000 and 600,000 volts, and preferable between 400,000 and 600,000 volts, and a frequency of between 25 and 40 kHz. and preferably between 25 and 75 kHz. Under these conditions, a corona effect is avoided.
  • a further advantage of the activation of the metal surface according to the present invention is found, for inmethod of treating metallic surfaces which will improve the adherence of covering materials such 'as lacquers,
  • :iIt is a further object of the present invention to pro- 7 stance, in applying high pressure polyethylene extrusion layers to the activated metal surface. It is possible, to extrudethe polyethylene at considerably lower temperatures than were required up to now in order to obtain a firm adherence to the metal surface. For instance, it has been found in many cases that the extrusion temperature of the polyethylene may be reduced by between 20 and 30 C. below the extrusion temperature which would be required in order to adhere the extruded polyethylene to a similar metal surface which has not been subjected to a high voltage, high frequency field in accordance with the present invention. Nevertheless, the adherence of the polyethylene which had been extruded at such lower temperature to the metal surface, such as for instance .an
  • the activation of the metal surface which is achieved by the high frequency high voltage alternating field treatment goes far beyond the activation which, for instance, is accomplished by soft annealing or otherwise removing fat and cleaning the surface of the metal and the activation according to the present invention results in an adherence of the cover layer which is much stronger than could be obtained up to now even on a completely clean metallic surface.
  • the present invention is of particular significance with respect to applying polyethylene layers to metal foils, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy foils, since, due to the fact that the polyethylene need not be heated to such high temperature as was previously required, a polyethylene layer will be formed which will not only firmly adhere to the aluminum or the like foil, but which will be, to a much greater extent than was hitherto possible,
  • a firm adherence, or an increase in the adherence of the covering material on the metal surface can be accomplished without requiring more or less involved pretreatment steps. Only in rare cases, when an extraordinarily high degree of cohesion between the metal surface and 'the covering material is required, will it be desirable to combine conventional pretreatment steps such as described above, for instance defatting or other purification of a metal surface, or anodizing, with the high frequency, high voltage alternating treatment according to the present" invention.
  • the high frequency, high voltage alternating field treatment according to the present invention can be carried out, for instance, on aluminum foils or other aluminum surfaces, whereby the aluminum may be either in hard condition or in soft annealed condition.
  • the high frequency, high voltage alternating field between electrodes which preferably are provided with an insulating layer at the portion thereof facing the alternating field.
  • the electrodes may be stationary or, preferably, may be formed as rotating rollers, whereby the metal sheet or foil having a surface which is to be treated is preferably in contact with the opposite relative to the treating electrode, and the metal sheet or foil is moved in tangential direction relative to the treating electrode.
  • a treating electrode of roller-like configuration will have the advantage that the discharge will take place along a line across the entire width of the material, i.e. the metal sheet, foil or the like, whereby the line of discharge on the surface of the roller electrode will continuously change its position due to rotation of the roller electrode. This will prevent undue heating of the roller treating electrode or localized over-heating of the same.
  • an electrode in the shape of a roller afiords an easy opportunity for cooling of the electrode.
  • the roller is supported by bearings of highly insulating material in order to avoid voltage losses. 7 I
  • the width of the gap which is to be maintained between the metal surface which is to be treated and the treating electrode will depend only to a slight degree on the electric conductivity of the dielectric medium within the gap between treating electrode and metal surface, which dielectric medium generally will be air enriched with ozone formed by the discharge, and will primarily depend on the voltage which is applied.
  • the width of the gap should be between 0.3 and 10 mm., and preferably between 0.5 and 3 mm.
  • the extent to which the surface characteristics of the metal with respect to the firmness of adherence of cover layers thereto are improved according to the present invention will depend on the type of metal or alloy, it is sometimes advantageous to repeat the high frequency, high voltage alternating field treatment several times, for instance by arranging several treating electrodes in. sequence so that the metal surface which is to be treated passes successively through the alternating fields created between the metal body the surface of which is to be treated and the respective treating electrodes.
  • it may be advantageous to arrange several treating electrodes in succession because thereby the speed of passage of the metal foil or the like through'the treating device can be increased.
  • the metal sheet or foil which is to be treated may be moved along such a path, or several treating electrodes may be arranged in such a position, that not only one but both surfaces of the metal sheet, foil or the like will be exposed to the high frequency, high voltage alternating field.
  • the metal sheets or foils or semifinished products, for instance metal tubes, which are to be subjected to a high frequency, high voltage alternating field in accordance with the present invention are treated in conventional production lengths which, for instance in the case of metal sheets or foils, may be from several hundred to several thousand meters, because in this manner it is possible to operate a substantially continuous process.
  • the alternating field treatment can be either carried out intermittently, separately for each cut sheet, or the individual cut sheets are arranged in sequence with very little distance between adjacent individual cut sheets so that the voltage of the treating electrode can be maintained permanently, i.e. for the entire length of time during which successive cut sheets are passed through the treating device.
  • the guide rollers for the sheets, foils, tubes or the like which are located above or below these metal bodies in the vicinity of the treating electrode of non-conductive materials such as rubber or the like in order to avoid flash-over of electric current in the vicinity of the treating electrode.
  • the voltage is sufiiciently high, the width of the sheet or the like which is to be treated can be varied as desired without marked 15 influence on the improved surface characteristics which are achieved by the treatment. It is of course desirable that the treating electrode has at least the same width as the metal sheet or the like which is to be treated.
  • the method of the present invention is suitable not only for the treating of the surfaces of metal sheets and foils, but also for treating the metal surfaces of differently shaped bodies, for instance pipes, whereby the shape of the treating electrode must be adjusted to that of the surface which is to be treated so that a gap of substantially even width throughout is formed there'between.
  • the high frequency, high voltage alternating field treatment of the metal surface in accordance with the present invention may be carried out immediately prior to applying a cover layer to the thus treated metal surface, for instance by extrusion, printing, lining or coating in different manners.
  • a cover layer for instance by extrusion, printing, lining or coating in different manners.
  • the counter electrode to the treating electrode is formed by the metal body the surface of which is to be subjected to the high voltage, high frequency alternating field.
  • the improvement in the surface characteristics of an aluminum foil for the purpose of adhering high pressure polyethylene thereto will be achieved by passing the aluminum foil or the like through the high frequency, high voltage alternating field at speeds of up to 200 meters per minute.
  • the voltage is reduced, the speed of passage ofthe metal surface through the high frequency field must be correspondingly reduced.
  • optimum surface characteristics will be achieved with the same aluminum surface and under otherwise similar conditions but at a voltage of only 500,- 000 volts if the speed of passage of the foil through the alternating field is reduced to 160 meters per minute.
  • aluminum foils having a purity of at least 98.5% and including the conventional impurities such as iron, silicon, copper, etc. in accordance with the ASTM norms will give good results, as well as aluminum alloys of the type AlMn (3003), AlMgMn (3004), AlMg 3 (5052), AlMg 5 (5056), AlMnCuMg (2024), AlMgSi (6066), A1990 (1100), A1 99.5 (1050), A1 99.7 (1070), A1 99.9 (1090), Al 99.99 (1099 Similar results are achieved by treating metal surfaces other than aluminum or aluminum alloys, particularly metal surfaces which consist essentially of copper, lead and tin, including tinned lead and tinned strip steel.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an extrusion arrangement according to the present invention for applying polyolefins, for instance high pressure polyethylene onto carrier webs such as metal foils, particularly aluminum foils and compound foils 'such as paper-aluminum foils and paper-aluminum-synthetic material foils;
  • carrier webs such as metal foils, particularly aluminum foils and compound foils 'such as paper-aluminum foils and paper-aluminum-synthetic material foils;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an arrangement according to the presentinvention for applying lacquer or baking enamel to a metal sheet;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view station for subjecting a metal and high voltage alternating air cooling device
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic views of arrangeof an electric treating surface to a high frequency field, including a compressed ments for subjecting a metal foil or the like to two suc- Although it is possible to store metal foilsand the like, the surface of which has been treated according to the present invention, and to apply a cover layer thereto after such storage, and still achieve superior adherence,
  • such soft annealing preferably is carried out at temperatures between about 450 and 550 C., depending on the specific composition of the aluminum or aluminum alloy.
  • FIGS. 6 and 6a are respectively schematic front and side views of a treating device for applying a high frequency, high voltage alternating field to a metal sheet, including a stationary treating electrode.
  • reference numeral 4 denotes the arrangement for successively applying two high voltage, high frequency alternating fields to a metal foil such as an aluminum or aluminum alloy foil.
  • the two rollers 4 beneath continuous metal sheet or foil30 are guide rollers and consist of an ozone-resistantinsulating material, for instance silicone rubber. Rollers 4 serve for adjusting the exact width of the gap between the upper surface of aluminum sheet 30 and treating electrodes 4".
  • Treating electrodes 4" are roller electrodes of the typeillustrated in more detail in FIGS. 4, '5 and 6.
  • the aluminum foil or sheet 30 passes from an unwinding station 1 through. alacquer applying station 2 and a drying channel 3. to the alternating field treating station 4.
  • the improvement in adherence between the aluminum surface and the extruded polyethylene which is achieved by application of the chemical primer at the lacquering arrangement 2 and evaporation of the solvent for the lacquer in drying channel 3, is further increased by the application of the alternating field in treating device -4 so that the adherence of the polyethylene to the aluminum sheet will be much stronger than could be achieved by only priming the aluminum sheet without application of the alternating field.
  • a chemical primer which may be advantageously used by proceeding in accordance with FIG. 1, is shellac which must be free of wax and which is preferably applied in an amount of 0.01 gram of shellac per square meter of aluminum surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows unwinding device 10 from which the aluminum band or the like passes through an alternating field pretrea'ting station 11 including treating electrode rollers 11' located beneath aluminum sheet 30 and guide rollers 11" formed of insulating material and serving for maintaining the desired gap between the metal sheet 30 and treating rollers 11'.
  • aluminum sheet 30 After being exposed to the alternating field in treating station 11, aluminum sheet 30 passes through a conventional lacquer application device 12 and a drying or baking channel 13, and from there to coil forming device 14.
  • the metal foil 21 is connected to earth by means of metallic guide rollers 17.
  • the treating station for applying the alternating field comprises guide roller 16 formed of ozone resistant insulating material such as silicone rubber or the like, and treating electrode 15, the details of which are described in FIGS. 4, and 6.
  • the distance between treating electrode 15 and the surface of foil 21 is shown in an exaggerated manner, in fact, and as described further above, the gap between the free surface of foil 21 and treating roller 15 should not exceed mm., and preferably will be between 0.5 and 3 mm.
  • Guide roller 16 is supported by sliding bearings so as to permit adjustment of the gap between guide roller 16 and electrode roller 15.
  • metal sheet or foil 21 such as 5 meters per minute and less and high intensity of the alternating leld
  • such low forward speed of the aluminum foil or the like will not be encountered with the exception of a combination of the alternating field treating device with a relatively old fashioned arrangement for applying a baking enamel.
  • the-operating temperature of the roller electrode 15 rises above a desired upper limit, it is possible to cool roller electrode 15 by applying compressed air through nozzles 18.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrammatic illustrations of arrangements for exposing the-metal sheet, such as an aluminum foil 21 to two successively arranged high frequency, high voltage alternating fields.
  • Guide rollers 22 are formed of insulating material and are turnably arranged in sliding bearings so that the gap between foil 21 and the treating rollers can be adjusted.
  • the treating electrodes according to FIGS. 4 and 5 are turnably supported by bearings made of insulating material.
  • the treating electrodes or rollers are rotated by suitable drive means, for instance V-belts and it is not necessary that the surface speed of the electrode rollers is equal to the forward speed of metal foil 21.
  • suitable drive means for instance V-belts
  • the same In order to achieve an even distribution of the voltage applied to the treating electrode, the same must consist of a body of high electric resistance and simultaneously must be arranged as condenser in an oscillatory circuit, whereby the metal foil 21 forms the zero potential.
  • the treating electrodes or rollers shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 4 and 5 consist in their innermost portion of a steel core 26 to which the voltage is applied.
  • Metal foil 25, preferably consisting of aluminum, serves for even distribution of the charge.
  • the entire outer surface of metal foil 25 is covered with a layer 24 consisting of metal powder or of a pulverulent semi-conductor, preferably graphite.
  • the outermost layer 23 of the roller or treating electrode consists of a heatresistant insulating material, for instance of the material known under the trade name Pertinax (Phenolic Resin).
  • both treating rollers will affect the same face of metal sheet or foil 21, while FIG. 5
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a stationary treating electrode. It is characteristic for the use of stationary treating electrodes that a very highly heat resistant insulating material must be employed.
  • Pyrex glass layer 28 has been found to form a suitable insulating layer, since Pyrex glass can withstand temperatures up to 200.
  • the inner surface of insulating layer 28 is preferably completely covered with an aluminum foil 29, in order to assure even voltage distribution over the entire electrode.
  • the outer electrode surface is formed by open loops 27 of electric resistance wire, for instance of a manganese or Konstantan (alloy: 54% Cu; 45% Ni; 5%
  • the individual wire loops 27 which are interrupted as illustrated, serve primarily for achieving an even distribution of the electric discharge.
  • the metal surface which is to be treated, as well as the turnably supported electrodes are past at the desired distance tangentially to the surface of the stationary electrode, whereby the gap between the stationary treating electrode and the metal sheet or foil 21 can be adjusted by means of an insulated guide roller.
  • the high frequency, high voltage treatment in accordance with the present invention overcomes the above discussed difliculties and permits not only the treatment of exposed metallic surfaces but also of non-metallic surfaces provided that the same are included in a composite structure which includes a metallic layer.
  • the effect achieved thereby gives results which somewhat correspond to those which are obtained by means of the corona elfect in the case of non-conductive materials or composite layers which are free of conductive components.
  • the present invention is described herein primarily with respect to the treatment of aluminum and aluminum alloy foils, it is emphasized that the present method is also suitable for improving the surface characteristics with respect to adherence of cover layers to other metal bodies such as sheets or foils of steel, tinned steel, zinc-coated steel, copper, lead, tinned lead and tin.
  • Foils of the above-mentioned metals and metal combinations were subjected to the high frequency, high voltage alternating field as described above, and then in an extrusion device coated with about 50 grams per square meter of high pressure polyethylene. It was found in all cases that the adherence of the polyethylene layer to the metal surface was much stronger when the metal surface had been subjected, prior to application of the polyethylene, to the alternating field treatment according to the present invention. In these cases, the alternating field pretreatment was generally carried out at a distance of about 1 meter from the extrusion nozzle for the polyethylene. The temperature of the polyethylene at the extrusion nozzle was about 280 C., and an alternating field of. 600,000 volts and -50 kHz. was applied. The gap between the metal surface which was to be treated and the treating electrode was maintained at 2 mm.
  • Lead and tin sheets were passed through the alternating field treating device at a speed of meters per minute and the other metals mentioned above at a speed of 60 meters per minute.
  • Metal sheets of commercial quality were used and it was found that the purity or the analysis of the material was nearly without any influence on the effect of the high voltage, high frequency alternating field treatment.
  • the width of. the thus treated metal sheets was between 30 and 80 cm.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A soft annealed aluminum foil of 0.015 mm. thickness and a width of 1,000 mm. is coated in a conventional extrusion device with a layer of high pressure polyethylene. If the aluminum foil has not been subjected to any kind of" surface pretreatment, it will be found that at a forward speed of 30 meters per minute or more the adherence between aluminum surface and polyethylene, by application of the polyethylene at a nozzle temperature of about 280 C., will be unsatisfactory.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Substantially in the manner illustrated in FIG. 1, however, without any priming steps, an aluminum band having a thickness of 0.050 mm. and a width of 800 mm. was subjected to the alternating field treatment described in Example 1 at a forward speed of 25 meters per minute, and without being prior thereto subjected to any chemical or mechanical or other pretreatment. The thus surface activated sheet was then formed into a coil and stored for 15 days. Thereafter, the sheet was uncoiled and to the activated surface thereof high pressure polyethylene was applied in a conventional extrusion arrangement at a temperature of the polyethylene of 280 C. at the nozzle orifice and in a thickness of 70 grams of polyethylene per square meter. Very strong adherence between the polyethylene and aluminum layers was observed which far surpassed that which could be achieved by conventional methods.
  • EXAMPLE 4 meter from the nozzle of the polyethylene extrusion de- EXAMPLE
  • an aluminum foil as received from the rolling mill and having a thickness of 0.015 mm. and a width of 750 mm.
  • a polypropylene foil of 0.050 mm. under interposition of a 2-component adhesive on the basis Desmophen-Desmodur, it will be found that the adherence of the adhesive to the aluminum surface, and thus the adherence of the polypropylene foil is unsatisfactory.
  • the surface of the aluminum foil is pretreated by being exposed to an alternating field as described in Example 4, with a distance of 2 meters between the treating electrode and the device for applying the adhesive, and subsequent adherence of the polypropylene foil to the adhesive covered aluminum surface, the desired high strength of adherence between the aluminum foil and the polypropylene foil was achieved.
  • EXAMPLE 6 An aluminum foil as received from the rolling mill (i.e. without any pretreatment) having a thickness of 0.009 mm. and a width of 1,400 mm., was rewound at a speed of 200 meters per minute and simultaneously subjected to the alternating field treatment according to the present invention substantially as described in Examples 4 and 5, however, so that both sides of the aluminum foil were exposed to the high frequency, high voltage alternating electric field, substantially as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • EXAMPLE 7 A laminated foil consisting of a soft annealed aluminum foil having a purity of 99.5, a thickness of 0.012 and a width of 1,000 mm., and glued thereto a kraft paper having the weight of 60 grams per square meter, was extrusion coated at the free face of the paper layer with high pressure polyethylene in a thickness of 50 grams per square meter.
  • EXAMPLE 8 A soft annealed aluminum foil having a purity of 99.5 a thickness of 0.009 mm. and a width of 600 mm. is combined by means of a lacquer adhesive with a cellophane foil weighing 35 grams per square meter. The thus formed composite foil is coated at the free aluminum face thereof in an extrusion device with 30 grams per square meter of high pressure polyethylene.
  • the two treating electrodes were located 70 and cm. distant, respectively, from the extrusion nozzle and the gap between the aluminum surface and the turnably supported treating roller electrodes amounted to 1.2 mm.
  • a method of treating at least one surface of a metal member so as to improve the adherence of a cover layer thereto comprising the steps of subjecting said surface to the action of a high voltage, high frequency alternating field by passing said member in one direction closely adjacent but spaced from an electrode and by connecting said member as counter pole to said electrode; and rotating said electrode about an axis extending transverse to said one direction.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
US458715A 1964-05-26 1965-05-25 Method of treating metallic surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3451871A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DER37966A DE1236904B (de) 1964-05-26 1964-05-26 Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Haftfestigkeit von hochmolekularen organischen Stoffen auf Metalloberflaechen
DER37976A DE1241682B (de) 1964-05-26 1964-05-27 Verfahren zur Steigerung der Oberflaechenaktivitaet von Metallen, insbesondere Aluminium oder Aluminiumlegierungen

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US3451871A true US3451871A (en) 1969-06-24

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US (1) US3451871A (de)
BE (2) BE663238A (de)
CH (2) CH467874A (de)
DE (2) DE1236904B (de)
DK (1) DK131909C (de)
FI (2) FI43518B (de)
GB (1) GB1108346A (de)
LU (2) LU48642A1 (de)
NL (3) NL6506716A (de)
NO (2) NO133483C (de)

Cited By (13)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3632389A (en) * 1968-04-03 1972-01-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Process for the surface treatment of copper and its alloys
US3973132A (en) * 1974-04-27 1976-08-03 Softal Elektronik Gmbh Apparatus for the treatment of non-conductive foils or like thin sheeting
US4349954A (en) * 1980-11-26 1982-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Mechanical bonding of metal method
JPS59131451A (ja) * 1983-01-18 1984-07-28 凸版印刷株式会社 金属箔への樹脂のラミネ−ト方法
US4655134A (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-04-07 Thomson Components-Mostek Corporation Method of branding a semiconductor chip package
US4818572A (en) * 1986-10-17 1989-04-04 Permelec Electrode Ltd. Process for production of calcium phosphate compound-coated composite material
US5114510A (en) * 1990-09-26 1992-05-19 Wright John T Method of forming a lightweight structural panel
US5480497A (en) * 1994-09-28 1996-01-02 Ford Motor Company High speed electrical discharge surface preparation internal surfaces for thermal coatings
US5648122A (en) * 1994-09-28 1997-07-15 Ford Motor Company Using electrical discharge surface preparation for thermal coatings
EP0884112A3 (de) * 1997-06-11 2000-12-27 Ykk Corporation Aluminium-Harz-Verbundprofile, wärmedämmende Aluminium Profile und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu deren Herstellung
US20030152788A1 (en) * 2002-02-14 2003-08-14 Velliky James E. Polymer-coated metal strip and method of production
US20040180535A1 (en) * 1997-03-03 2004-09-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Contact integration method
WO2005058512A2 (en) 2003-12-09 2005-06-30 Metlac S.P.A. A method and device for the surface treatment of a metal substrate, and corresponding product

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH601016A5 (de) 1976-06-14 1978-06-30 Alusuisse
GB8616877D0 (en) * 1986-07-10 1986-08-20 Scottish & Newcastle Breweries Cleaning metallic surface
NL8802982A (nl) * 1988-12-02 1990-07-02 Thomassen & Drijver Werkwijze en inrichting voor het activeren van een metaaloppervlak.
FR2707894B1 (fr) * 1993-07-20 1995-10-06 Lorraine Laminage Traitement de surface d'une tôle d'acier revêtue de zinc ou d'alliage de zinc avant sa mise en peinture.
DE19637513C2 (de) * 1996-09-13 2001-06-07 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Modifizierung von metallischen Werkstückoberflächen durch elektrische Entladungen

Citations (6)

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US2522082A (en) * 1945-02-03 1950-09-12 Orlan M Arnold Method of bonding
US2867912A (en) * 1956-05-11 1959-01-13 Horace Dawson Method for the decontamination of metal foils
US3037886A (en) * 1957-04-11 1962-06-05 Nalco Chemical Co Metal cleaning
US3205094A (en) * 1960-10-12 1965-09-07 Continental Can Co Electrical weakening of strips, apparatus, and articles
US3281347A (en) * 1962-07-13 1966-10-25 Int Paper Co Method and apparatus for treating plastic coated paper
US3323965A (en) * 1964-08-18 1967-06-06 Continental Can Co Art of laminating dissimilar materials

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US2425134A (en) * 1945-09-29 1947-08-05 Budd Co Method of separating magnetic iron oxide scale from an iron-containing metal

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2522082A (en) * 1945-02-03 1950-09-12 Orlan M Arnold Method of bonding
US2867912A (en) * 1956-05-11 1959-01-13 Horace Dawson Method for the decontamination of metal foils
US3037886A (en) * 1957-04-11 1962-06-05 Nalco Chemical Co Metal cleaning
US3205094A (en) * 1960-10-12 1965-09-07 Continental Can Co Electrical weakening of strips, apparatus, and articles
US3281347A (en) * 1962-07-13 1966-10-25 Int Paper Co Method and apparatus for treating plastic coated paper
US3323965A (en) * 1964-08-18 1967-06-06 Continental Can Co Art of laminating dissimilar materials

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3632389A (en) * 1968-04-03 1972-01-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Process for the surface treatment of copper and its alloys
US3973132A (en) * 1974-04-27 1976-08-03 Softal Elektronik Gmbh Apparatus for the treatment of non-conductive foils or like thin sheeting
US4349954A (en) * 1980-11-26 1982-09-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration Mechanical bonding of metal method
JPS59131451A (ja) * 1983-01-18 1984-07-28 凸版印刷株式会社 金属箔への樹脂のラミネ−ト方法
JPS6260969B2 (de) * 1983-01-18 1987-12-18 Toppan Printing Co Ltd
US4655134A (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-04-07 Thomson Components-Mostek Corporation Method of branding a semiconductor chip package
US4818572A (en) * 1986-10-17 1989-04-04 Permelec Electrode Ltd. Process for production of calcium phosphate compound-coated composite material
US5114510A (en) * 1990-09-26 1992-05-19 Wright John T Method of forming a lightweight structural panel
US5480497A (en) * 1994-09-28 1996-01-02 Ford Motor Company High speed electrical discharge surface preparation internal surfaces for thermal coatings
US5648122A (en) * 1994-09-28 1997-07-15 Ford Motor Company Using electrical discharge surface preparation for thermal coatings
US20040180535A1 (en) * 1997-03-03 2004-09-16 Micron Technology, Inc. Contact integration method
US7294570B2 (en) * 1997-03-03 2007-11-13 Micron Technology, Inc. Contact integration method
EP0884112A3 (de) * 1997-06-11 2000-12-27 Ykk Corporation Aluminium-Harz-Verbundprofile, wärmedämmende Aluminium Profile und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu deren Herstellung
US20030152788A1 (en) * 2002-02-14 2003-08-14 Velliky James E. Polymer-coated metal strip and method of production
US7279225B2 (en) * 2002-02-14 2007-10-09 Velliky James E Polymer-coated metal strip and method of production
WO2005058512A2 (en) 2003-12-09 2005-06-30 Metlac S.P.A. A method and device for the surface treatment of a metal substrate, and corresponding product
WO2005058512A3 (en) * 2003-12-09 2007-03-08 Metlac S P A A method and device for the surface treatment of a metal substrate, and corresponding product

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO133483C (de) 1976-05-12
DK131909C (da) 1976-02-23
DE1236904C2 (de) 1976-04-22
NL130914C (de)
DE1236904B (de) 1967-03-16
NO133483B (de) 1976-02-02
DK131909B (da) 1975-09-22
NO134547C (de) 1976-11-03
NO134547B (de) 1976-07-26
NL6506717A (de) 1965-11-29
GB1108346A (en) 1968-04-03
CH467874A (de) 1969-01-31
CH459393A (de) 1968-07-15
NL6506716A (de) 1965-11-29
FI43518B (de) 1970-12-31
BE663239A (de) 1965-08-17
DE1241682B (de) 1967-06-01
FI43519B (de) 1970-12-31
LU48646A1 (de) 1965-07-20
LU48642A1 (de) 1965-07-19
BE663238A (de) 1965-08-17

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