US3451296A - Method of making shaped apertures by using focused pattern of ultrahigh frequency sound waves - Google Patents

Method of making shaped apertures by using focused pattern of ultrahigh frequency sound waves Download PDF

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US3451296A
US3451296A US481357A US3451296DA US3451296A US 3451296 A US3451296 A US 3451296A US 481357 A US481357 A US 481357A US 3451296D A US3451296D A US 3451296DA US 3451296 A US3451296 A US 3451296A
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Prior art keywords
sound waves
spinneret
ultrahigh frequency
frequency sound
shaped apertures
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US481357A
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Frank C Alexander Jr
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FMC Corp
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FMC Corp
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Assigned to WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. reassignment WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL. AGREEMENT WHEREBY AETNA RELEASES AVTEX FROM ALL MORTAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS IN SAID INVENTIONS AS OF JANUARY 11,1979, AND ASSIGNS TO ASSIGNEE THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORTAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE (SEE RECORDS FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AETNA BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP. OF N.Y., AVTEX FIBERS, INC, A CORP. OF NY, KELLOGG CREDIT CORP., A CORP. OF DEL.
Assigned to KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. reassignment KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP. AGREEMENT WHEREBY SAID HELLER AND RAYONIER RELEASES ALL MORTGAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS HELD BY AVTEX ON APRIL 28, 1978, AND JAN. 11, 1979, RESPECTIVELY AND ASSIGNS ITS ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORT-AGAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE (SEE RECORD FOR DETAILS) Assignors: AVTEX FIBERS INC., A NY CORP., ITT RAYONIER INCORPORATED, A DE CORP., WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC. A NY CORP.
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
    • D01D4/02—Spinnerettes
    • D01D4/022—Processes or materials for the preparation of spinnerettes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/30—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using refraction, e.g. acoustic lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10S408/70—Cutting by use of ultrasonic energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00—Cutting
    • Y10S83/956—Ultrasonic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/97—Miscellaneous

Definitions

  • a method of making very small non-circular holes in a spinneret for spinning artificial filaments involves focusing a pattern of ultrahigh frequency sound waves on the spinneret while it is immersed in a liquid medium.
  • This invention relates to a method of making a shaped aperture or a plurality of shaped apertures in an object and more particularly to a method of making extremely small non circular apertures or holes. It is contemplated that the invention will find its greatest utility in making non-circular orifices in the face of a spinneret or jet for the spinning of artificial or synthetic filaments.
  • artificial and synthetic filaments are formed by extruding a solution or a melt through tiny holes or orifices in the face of a spinneret.
  • the spinneret is formed of metal, often platinum, but sometimes of other hard material such as a ceramic.
  • the orifices are circular to produce filaments having a circular cross section but not infrequently it is desired to extrude the filament forming material through orifices which are other than circular, e.g. square, L-shaped, H-shaped, etc.
  • Circular orifices even extremely small ones are of course not too difiicult to make but extremely small orifices of non-circular shape present great difiiculty and while the present invention is useful for making circular orifices the greatest benefits are derived when making shaped orifices, apertures or holes which are non-circular.
  • 'It is an object of this invention to provide an improved method of making shaped apertures rapidly and accurately.
  • a more specific object of the invention is to employ acoustics for making minute apertures of non-circular shape.
  • FIG. 1 is a side eleva-tional view of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a wave patterning shield constituting one of the elements of the apparatus.
  • the method of the present invention involves converging or focusing a pattern of sound waves of ultrahigh frequency and therefore relatively short wavelength on the object through which the patterned or shape-d aperture is to be made.
  • the aperture will be quite small and that the object in which it is to be made will be a hard material such as used for spinnerets or jets for spinning artificial filaments.
  • the spinneret or the like is submerged in a liquid medium and the elastic sound waves are created in the medium by any suitable means such as a piezoelectric transducer.
  • These waves, or those portions thereof forming a pattern corresponding to the desired shape of the aperture are passed through a sonic lens which focuses them on the face of the spinneret.
  • the focused and concentrated waves contain a large amount of energy and where they strike the spinneret a hole is ice formed by heat and cavitation, as will presently be ex. plained in more detail.
  • the spinneret is indicated at 10 and is mounted in a bracket 12 within a liquid medium 14 contained in a tank 16.
  • the liquid medium is preferably gasfree water in which plane longitudinal sound waves travel with a velocity of about 1460 meters per second, which is high with respect to the velocity in air wherein sound waves travel at about 345 meters per second.
  • gas-free liquids capable of transmitting sound waves at a relatively high velocity may be employed.
  • a piezoelectric transducer 20 which is arrange-d to direct planar coherent ultrahigh frequency sound waves toward the face of spinneret 10.
  • a shield 24 having therein a wave patterning opening 26. Opening 26 is correlated in shapewith the shape of the aperture to be made in the spinneret or other object but is substantially larger than the aperture.
  • Shield 24 is made of a material wherein sound waves have a very low velocity and are dissipated quickly whereby efiectively only those waves aligned with opening 26 pass through the shield.
  • the shield may be made of vulcanized rubber wherein the velocity of sound is only about fiftyfour meters per second or of wood which is also a good sound barrier or may be laminated structure with the face directed toward the transducer reflecting a portion of the wave and a second layer absorbing the unreflected portion.
  • the inside of tank 16 is coated with a sound absorbing material such as vulcanized rubber whereby stray waves are not reflected from the sides of the tank.
  • a converging sonic lens 30 which may be a double concave metal lens formed of :a low energy loss material such as aluminum or magnesium.
  • Lens 30 focuses or images the pattern of waves passing through the shield opening 26 onto the face of the spinneret which is located at the real focus of the lens whereby the wave energy is concentrated in a much smaller area on the spinneret than the area of the shield opening. This concentrated energy heats the spinneret face in a pattern corresponding to opening 26 and at the interface between the spinneret and the liquid medium the phenomenon known as cavitation takes place. Caviation is a rupture of the liquid caused by a sudden increase in velocity of the sound waves as they enter a hard object.
  • the velocity of planar longitudinal sound waves in platinum is about 2690 meters per second and in a ceramic material may be twice this or more.
  • the velocity of sound in gas-free water is about 1460 meters per second.
  • This sudden increase in velocity of the sound waves causes tiny vacuums to form in the liquid and the metal of the spinneret is torn away in the area of the vacuums.
  • the sonic wave are deliberately concentrated by the lens 30 whereby a large amount of energy is :focused on the area where the aperture is to be made.
  • Shield 24 is not affected by cavitation because it is made of a material in which the waves slow down so that vacuums are not formed in the liquid at the interface.
  • the material of the spinneret in the immediate vicinity of the patterned image is also affected somewhat so that if it is desired to make an aperture having the exact shape of particular opening 26 -for example, the shape of the opening must be modified, Thus if it is desired to produce an aperture having sharp corners, the corners of the opening in shield 24 will in practice be slightly concave. It will be apparent that shield 24 may be provided with a plurality of openings whereby a plurality of apertures may [be formed simultaneously in the spinneret.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Description

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F. C. ALEXANDER. JR
Filed Aug. 20, 1965 OF ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY SOUND WAVES June 24, 1969 METHOD OF MAKING SHAPED APERTURES BY USING FOCUSED PATTERN United States Patent 'METHOD OF MAKING SHAPED APERTURES BY ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of making very small non-circular holes in a spinneret for spinning artificial filaments involves focusing a pattern of ultrahigh frequency sound waves on the spinneret while it is immersed in a liquid medium.
This invention relates to a method of making a shaped aperture or a plurality of shaped apertures in an object and more particularly to a method of making extremely small non circular apertures or holes. It is contemplated that the invention will find its greatest utility in making non-circular orifices in the face of a spinneret or jet for the spinning of artificial or synthetic filaments.
Generally speaking artificial and synthetic filaments are formed by extruding a solution or a melt through tiny holes or orifices in the face of a spinneret. Uusually, the spinneret is formed of metal, often platinum, but sometimes of other hard material such as a ceramic. Normally the orifices are circular to produce filaments having a circular cross section but not infrequently it is desired to extrude the filament forming material through orifices which are other than circular, e.g. square, L-shaped, H-shaped, etc. Circular orifices, even extremely small ones are of course not too difiicult to make but extremely small orifices of non-circular shape present great difiiculty and while the present invention is useful for making circular orifices the greatest benefits are derived when making shaped orifices, apertures or holes which are non-circular.
'It is an object of this invention to provide an improved method of making shaped apertures rapidly and accurately.
A more specific object of the invention is to employ acoustics for making minute apertures of non-circular shape.
The invention will be described in connection with apparatus for carrying it out as shown schematically in the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 is a side eleva-tional view of the apparatus; and
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of a wave patterning shield constituting one of the elements of the apparatus.
'In general, the method of the present invention, involves converging or focusing a pattern of sound waves of ultrahigh frequency and therefore relatively short wavelength on the object through which the patterned or shape-d aperture is to be made. As indicated above, it is contemplated that the aperture will be quite small and that the object in which it is to be made will be a hard material such as used for spinnerets or jets for spinning artificial filaments. The spinneret or the like is submerged in a liquid medium and the elastic sound waves are created in the medium by any suitable means such as a piezoelectric transducer. These waves, or those portions thereof forming a pattern corresponding to the desired shape of the aperture, are passed through a sonic lens which focuses them on the face of the spinneret. The focused and concentrated waves contain a large amount of energy and where they strike the spinneret a hole is ice formed by heat and cavitation, as will presently be ex. plained in more detail.
In the drawing, the spinneret is indicated at 10 and is mounted in a bracket 12 within a liquid medium 14 contained in a tank 16. The liquid medium is preferably gasfree water in which plane longitudinal sound waves travel with a velocity of about 1460 meters per second, which is high with respect to the velocity in air wherein sound waves travel at about 345 meters per second. Instead of water, other gas-free liquids capable of transmitting sound waves at a relatively high velocity may be employed.
Mounted on a bracket 18 within the tank is a piezoelectric transducer 20 which is arrange-d to direct planar coherent ultrahigh frequency sound waves toward the face of spinneret 10. In order to produce a well-defined aperture in the spinneret, the wavelength of the sound waves in the liquid medium should be not greater than about one-tenth of the smallest dimension of the aperture. Since, as mentioned, it is contemplated that the invention will be employed for making very small aper-= tures, the output of the transducer must be in the ultrahigh frequency range, preferably above ten million cycles per second. For example, in water, sound waves having a frequency of ten thousand cycles per second and a velocity of 1460 meters per second have a wavelength of 14.6 centimeters whereas at a frequency of ten million cycles the wavelength is 0.0146 centimeter and at one hundred million cycles the wavelength is only 0.00146 centimeter. Thus the smaller the orifice, the greater should be the frequency in order to produce the desired short wavelength.
Mounted on a bracket 22 in front of transducer 20 is a shield 24 having therein a wave patterning opening 26. Opening 26 is correlated in shapewith the shape of the aperture to be made in the spinneret or other object but is substantially larger than the aperture. Shield 24 is made of a material wherein sound waves have a very low velocity and are dissipated quickly whereby efiectively only those waves aligned with opening 26 pass through the shield. The shield may be made of vulcanized rubber wherein the velocity of sound is only about fiftyfour meters per second or of wood which is also a good sound barrier or may be laminated structure with the face directed toward the transducer reflecting a portion of the wave and a second layer absorbing the unreflected portion. At this point it should be mentioned that the inside of tank 16 is coated with a sound absorbing material such as vulcanized rubber whereby stray waves are not reflected from the sides of the tank.
Mounted on bracket 28 and located between shield=24 and the spinneret is a converging sonic lens 30 which may be a double concave metal lens formed of :a low energy loss material such as aluminum or magnesium. Lens 30 focuses or images the pattern of waves passing through the shield opening 26 onto the face of the spinneret which is located at the real focus of the lens whereby the wave energy is concentrated in a much smaller area on the spinneret than the area of the shield opening. This concentrated energy heats the spinneret face in a pattern corresponding to opening 26 and at the interface between the spinneret and the liquid medium the phenomenon known as cavitation takes place. Caviation is a rupture of the liquid caused by a sudden increase in velocity of the sound waves as they enter a hard object. The velocity of planar longitudinal sound waves in platinum is about 2690 meters per second and in a ceramic material may be twice this or more. As mentioned, the velocity of sound in gas-free water is about 1460 meters per second. This sudden increase in velocity of the sound waves causes tiny vacuums to form in the liquid and the metal of the spinneret is torn away in the area of the vacuums. This cavitation. phenomenon is well known as is taken advan-= tage of in ultrasonic cleaning procedures wherein it is the cavitation phenomenon which removes the unwanted matter but very little if any of the material actually forming the body being cleaned is removed because the sonic waves are not sufiiciently concentrated. However, ac cording to the present invention the sonic wave are deliberately concentrated by the lens 30 whereby a large amount of energy is :focused on the area where the aperture is to be made. Shield 24 is not affected by cavitation because it is made of a material in which the waves slow down so that vacuums are not formed in the liquid at the interface.
The material of the spinneret in the immediate vicinity of the patterned image is also affected somewhat so that if it is desired to make an aperture having the exact shape of particular opening 26 -for example, the shape of the opening must be modified, Thus if it is desired to produce an aperture having sharp corners, the corners of the opening in shield 24 will in practice be slightly concave. It will be apparent that shield 24 may be provided with a plurality of openings whereby a plurality of apertures may [be formed simultaneously in the spinneret.
Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is:
1. A method of making a shaped aperture in an object formed of a hard material comprising positioning the ob= ject in a gas-free liquid medium, directing planar coherent ultra high frequency sound waves through the liquid medium toward the object in a pattern correlated with but substantially larger than the pattern of the shaped aper 4 ture to be made in the object, and focusing the patterned sound waves by means of a converging sonic lens on the object located at the real focus of the lens.
2. The method set forth in claim 1 wherein the wavelength of the sound waves in the liquid medium is not greater than about one-tenth of the smallest dimension of the shaped aperture to be made in the object.
3. The method set forth in claim 1 comprising generating the sound waves by means of piezoelectric transducer, and providing between the transducer and the sonic lens a shield which is apertured to permit only those waves of the desired pattern to strike the lens,
4. The method set forth in claim 3 wherein the frequency of the sound waves is at least about ten million cycles per second,
References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS 789,293 1958 Great Britain.
OTHER REFERENCES Schotten and Cook: Mechanical Aids to Metal Cleaning, December 1965, Plating, pp 1280-1284 JACOB H. STEINBERG, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R.,
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030342A (en) * 1975-09-18 1977-06-21 The Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Junior University Acoustic microscope for scanning an object stereo-optically and with dark field imaging
US20050224282A1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2005-10-13 Postech Foundation Sound focus speaker of gas-filled sound lens attachment type

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB789293A (en) * 1952-11-14 1958-01-15 Sparcatron Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods and means for removal of material from solid bodies

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB789293A (en) * 1952-11-14 1958-01-15 Sparcatron Ltd Improvements in and relating to methods and means for removal of material from solid bodies

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4030342A (en) * 1975-09-18 1977-06-21 The Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Junior University Acoustic microscope for scanning an object stereo-optically and with dark field imaging
US20050224282A1 (en) * 2002-04-25 2005-10-13 Postech Foundation Sound focus speaker of gas-filled sound lens attachment type
US7204342B2 (en) * 2002-04-25 2007-04-17 Postech Foundation Sound focus speaker of gas-filled sound lens attachment type

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Owner name: KELLOGG CREDIT CORPORATION A DE CORP.

Free format text: AGREEMENT WHEREBY SAID HELLER AND RAYONIER RELEASES ALL MORTGAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS HELD BY AVTEX ON APRIL 28, 1978, AND JAN. 11, 1979, RESPECTIVELY AND ASSIGNS ITS ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORT-AGAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE;ASSIGNORS:WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC. A NY CORP.;ITT RAYONIER INCORPORATED, A DE CORP.;AVTEX FIBERS INC., A NY CORP.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0350

Effective date: 19800326

Owner name: WALTER E. HELLER & COMPANY, INC., A CORP. OF DEL.

Free format text: AGREEMENT WHEREBY AETNA RELEASES AVTEX FROM ALL MORTAGES AND SECURITY INTERESTS IN SAID INVENTIONS AS OF JANUARY 11,1979, AND ASSIGNS TO ASSIGNEE THE ENTIRE INTEREST IN SAID MORTAGE AGREEMENT TO ASSIGNEE;ASSIGNORS:AETNA BUSINESS CREDIT, INC., A CORP. OF N.Y.;AVTEX FIBERS, INC, A CORP. OF NY;KELLOGG CREDIT CORP., A CORP. OF DEL.;REEL/FRAME:003959/0250

Effective date: 19800326