US3450923A - Gas-filled overvoltage arrester for telecommunication installations - Google Patents

Gas-filled overvoltage arrester for telecommunication installations Download PDF

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Publication number
US3450923A
US3450923A US532468A US53246866A US3450923A US 3450923 A US3450923 A US 3450923A US 532468 A US532468 A US 532468A US 53246866 A US53246866 A US 53246866A US 3450923 A US3450923 A US 3450923A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
electrodes
gas
arrester
lead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US532468A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Brumm
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Cerberus AG
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Cerberus AG
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/30—Igniting arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0672—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • a novel gas-filled overvoltage arrester is disclosed, the overvoltage arrester being characterized by the features that plate-shaped electrodes retarding the fusion process are arranged in a glass body or bulb formed of hard glass, the plate-shaped electrodes possessing rounded edges and at least one millimeter thickness and having a surface area of thirty square millimeters.
  • the plateshaped electrodes are spaced from one another at a sufiiciently small distance to render possible sudden shortcircuits due to the formation of a fusion bead at the surface of the electrodes, the thermocapacity of the electrodes being so large that with a current load of ten or more amperes R.M.S. and with more than 1,000 watts per second, the fusion bead positively forms prior to the destruction of the glass body.
  • the present invention relates to an improved gas-filled overvoltage arrester for protecting low-voltage telecommunication installations and is of the type incorporating two electrodes arranged in a glass bulb.
  • the invention also pertains to an improved construction of electrode assembly for the aforementioned gas-filled overvoltage arrester.
  • Gas-filled overvoltage arresters have been known to the art for more than twenty years. However, they exhibit an insufficient overvoltage protection because they respond too slowly to steep voltage surges. Attempts have been made to reduce ignition lags by the use of radioactive additives or emitters. In so doing, it was still not possible to eliminate the insufficient current load-carrying capacity. In actual practice, this disadvantage manifests itself in that upon exceeding a predetermined load-carrying capacity limit there appear cracks or complete destruction of the glass bulb occurs without there simultaneously occurring a short-circuit at the electrodes. Due to the entry of atmospheric air into the glass bulb, the operating voltage of the overvoltage arrester considerably exceeded the normal rated value.
  • a further, more specific object of this invention is an improved construction of arrester which positively protects an object from overvoltages and which possesses very high operational reliability.
  • Yet another very noteworthy object of this invention relates to the provision of an improved voltage arrester which is relatively economical to manufacture, has quite small dimensions yet still possesses a high load-carrying capacity, is extremely reliable in operation and thus requires a minimum of maintenance, and also has a long operating life.
  • Still a further important object of this invention concerns itself with an improved electrode construction particularly suitable for use with an overvoltage arrester.
  • the inventive overvoltage or voltage arrester combines the features of high load-carrying capacity and quick response time with the characteristic of instantaneously bringing about permanent short-circuit of the electrodes upon overload without any considerable change of the operating voltage and before another type of destruction of the arrester can occur.
  • the installation to be protected is short-circuited and is, therefore, protected from further overvoltages. Due to the short-circuit which positively occurs in every instance of overload, the defective overvoltage arrester is immediately localized and can be exchanged by the operating personnel.
  • the inventive gas-filled overvoltage arrester is characterized by the features that, plate-shaped electrodes retarding the fusion process are arranged in a glass body or bulb formed of hard glass, said plateshaped electrodes possessing rounded edges and at least one millimeter thickness and having a surface area of thirty square millimeters. Moreover, according to the invention, such plate-shaped electrodes are spaced from one another at a sutficiently small distance to render possible sudden short-circuit due to the formation of a fusion head at the surface of the electrodes, and wherein the thermal capacity of the electrodes is so large that with a current load of ten or more amperes R.M.S. and with more than 1,000 watts per second the fusion bead positively forms prior to the destruction of the glass body.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of inventive arrester
  • FIGURE 2 is a front view of the inventive arrester showing the confronting arrangement of the two spaced electrodes
  • FIGURE 3 is a side view of the arrester of FIGURE 2 depicting the manner of connecting the lead-in pin with the associated electrode;
  • FIGURE 4 depicts the inventive arrester of FIGURES 1 to 3 as arranged in its socket
  • FIGURE 5 is a side view of the arrangement of FIG- URE 4.
  • FIGURE 6 is a top view of FIGURE 4.
  • the inventive arrester comprises a body'or bulb 1 formed of hard glass and internally of which the tungsten lead-in wires 3 of the lead-in pins 311 and which are presealed with a glass tube or hose 4 are fused to the glass body 1 by means of these glass tubes 4.
  • the lead-in pins 3b incorporating the tungsten lead-in wires 3 and the therewith connected externally projecting nickel free end portions 7 carry the confronting and spaced substantially late-shaped electrodes 2 and 2a.
  • the glass tubes or hoses 4 which increase the insulating path between the electrodes 2 and 2a can be seen in FIGURE 2 to project internally of the glass bulb 1 and are fused to its base portion 1a.
  • Both of the electrodes 2 and 2a are advantageously formed of nickel and possess a surface area of preferably 10 x 6 millimeters and a thickness of 2.5 millimeters. They are connected with the tungsten lead-in wires 3 or, for instance, one millimeter diameter, by mechanical wedging, as generally indicated by reference character 5, and are hard soldered or brazed throughout the entire electrode length. Of course, other dimensions for the electrodes are possible insofar as they result in an appropriately high thermal stability and heat capacity. It has been found that these plate-shaped electrodes 2 and 2a should preferably possess a thickness of at least one millimeter with a surface area of at least thirty square millimeters.
  • FIGURE 1 depicts the manner in which the tungsten lead-in wires 3 of the lead-in pins 3b are embedded in a respective channel 3a formed at the rear face of the associated electrodes 2 and 2a, whereby there is ensured for good electrical and thermal contact between these electrodes 2, 2a and the lead-in wires 3, and such electrodes during higher thermal loads with discharge arcs are additionally reinforced. It is also possible to apply, in known manner, to the confronting faces of the plate-shaped electrodes 2 and 2a a suitable layer of material 6 favoring emission.
  • the outermost portion of free end 7 of the lead-in pins 3b advantageously consists of a nickel wire which can be satisfactorily connected by butt welding 8 with the associated tungsten lead-in wire 3.
  • the fusion head which short-circuits the arrester upon the appearance of an overload forms in the gap between the activated confronting faces of the electrodes 2 and 2a and, specifically, because of the advantageous inventive feature of rounding the edges 9 of these electrodes 2 and 2a at all sides, as shown, such bead generally appears in the middle of the electrode surfaces.
  • the layer of material 6 favoring emission calcium carbonate is transformed in the usual manner into calcium oxide. It ensures for a rapid transition of the gas discharge from the glow-discharge phase into the arc phase already at approximately 200 milliamperes as well as a burning voltage which lies such that, by the direct-current voltages which are normally used in telecommunication networks, there occurs a faultless eXtinguishin-g of the arrester insofar as such has ignited, that is, the burning voltage lies above the normal supply voltage.
  • FIGURES 4, and 6 there is shown an insulating clip or member 12 formed of polyethylene and mounted at the pump tip bulb end 11 of the glass bulb 1. Hooked into this clip 12, or otherwise attached, are both of the nickel contact rails extending along opposite lengthwise sides of the glass bulb 1. This insulation clip 12 thereby serves to fix or interconnect these two contact rails 10 with one another and to also protect the glass bulb 1. At the opposite bulb end, that is, the side remote fromthe pump tip 11, these contact rails 10 are provided With nickel contact bars 14.
  • nickel contact bars 14 are connected with the externally extending portion 7 of each of the associated lead-in pins 312 by spot-weld- Ihe inventive arrester is advantageously filled with a gas mixture consisting of argon, hydrogen and tritium, and with a filling pressure of 80 millimeters mercury pressure.
  • the nickel contact rails 10 together with the clip 12 provide a socket for the arrester and at the same time protect the glass body or bulb 1 against mechanical stress or loads.
  • the arrester thus provided with its socket can be effortlessly and easily introduced into the contact spring fixture of the fuse box. Additionally, this construction renders it easier to undertake any eventually required exchange or replacement of the arrester in the fuse boxes which normally contain a larger number of such arresters.
  • a gas-filled overvoltage arrester for telecommunication installations comprising a bulb formed of hard glass, a pair of substantially plate-shaped electrodes arranged within said glass bulb, said plate-shaped electrodes having rounded edges and each possessing at least a thickness of one millimeter and a surface area of thirty square millimeters, said plate-shaped electrodes being spaced from one another at a relatively small distance sufficient to bring about a sudden short-circuit due to the formation of a fusion bead at the surface of said plate-shaped electrodes, said plate-shaped electrodes possessing a heat capacity which is sufficiently large so that with a current load of at least ten amperes R.M.S.

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  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US532468A 1965-03-17 1966-03-07 Gas-filled overvoltage arrester for telecommunication installations Expired - Lifetime US3450923A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH372565A CH444276A (de) 1965-03-17 1965-03-17 Ueberspannungsableiter mit Edelgasfüllung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3450923A true US3450923A (en) 1969-06-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US532468A Expired - Lifetime US3450923A (en) 1965-03-17 1966-03-07 Gas-filled overvoltage arrester for telecommunication installations

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3450923A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4328557B1 (xx)
AT (1) AT261029B (xx)
CH (1) CH444276A (xx)
DE (1) DE1487252B2 (xx)
FR (1) FR1468096A (xx)
GB (1) GB1109332A (xx)
NL (1) NL6600325A (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662221A (en) * 1971-06-14 1972-05-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Electric apparatus
US3702420A (en) * 1971-12-21 1972-11-07 Atomic Energy Commission Electrical surge diverting connector
EP0954073A1 (de) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-03 PHOENIX CONTACT GmbH & Co. Überspannungsschutzelement

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2364034C3 (de) * 1973-12-21 1985-08-22 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Überspannungsableiter
DE3006193C2 (de) * 1980-02-19 1984-04-12 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Elektrische Anschlußverbindung der Elektroden eines Gasentladungs-Überspannungsableiters

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1173096A (en) * 1910-05-20 1916-02-22 Nat Electric Specialty Company Lightning-arrester.
US1271794A (en) * 1916-11-20 1918-07-09 Western Electric Co Protective device.
US1680518A (en) * 1921-07-25 1928-08-14 Westinghouse Lamp Co Protective device
US1903996A (en) * 1926-04-29 1933-04-18 Western Electric Co Protective device
US1994312A (en) * 1933-02-02 1935-03-12 Margarete Herre Gaseous electric discharge device
US2056662A (en) * 1935-02-08 1936-10-06 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Electric gaseous discharge device
US2072733A (en) * 1930-12-24 1937-03-02 Gen Electric Electrical discharge device
US2415816A (en) * 1943-09-08 1947-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ionic discharge device
US2716714A (en) * 1951-08-20 1955-08-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Incandescent electric lamp

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1173096A (en) * 1910-05-20 1916-02-22 Nat Electric Specialty Company Lightning-arrester.
US1271794A (en) * 1916-11-20 1918-07-09 Western Electric Co Protective device.
US1680518A (en) * 1921-07-25 1928-08-14 Westinghouse Lamp Co Protective device
US1903996A (en) * 1926-04-29 1933-04-18 Western Electric Co Protective device
US2072733A (en) * 1930-12-24 1937-03-02 Gen Electric Electrical discharge device
US1994312A (en) * 1933-02-02 1935-03-12 Margarete Herre Gaseous electric discharge device
US2056662A (en) * 1935-02-08 1936-10-06 Gen Electric Vapor Lamp Co Electric gaseous discharge device
US2415816A (en) * 1943-09-08 1947-02-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ionic discharge device
US2716714A (en) * 1951-08-20 1955-08-30 Westinghouse Electric Corp Incandescent electric lamp

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662221A (en) * 1971-06-14 1972-05-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Electric apparatus
US3702420A (en) * 1971-12-21 1972-11-07 Atomic Energy Commission Electrical surge diverting connector
EP0954073A1 (de) * 1998-04-27 1999-11-03 PHOENIX CONTACT GmbH & Co. Überspannungsschutzelement
EP1143585A2 (de) * 1998-04-27 2001-10-10 PHOENIX CONTACT GmbH & Co. Überspannungsschutzelement
US6392862B1 (en) 1998-04-27 2002-05-21 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Overvoltage protection element system
EP1143585A3 (de) * 1998-04-27 2002-11-06 Phoenix Contact GmbH & Co. KG Überspannungsschutzelement
US6529360B2 (en) 1998-04-27 2003-03-04 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Overvoltage protection element system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH444276A (de) 1967-09-30
AT261029B (de) 1968-04-10
FR1468096A (fr) 1967-02-03
GB1109332A (en) 1968-04-10
DE1487252B2 (de) 1970-06-11
DE1487252A1 (de) 1969-01-30
NL6600325A (xx) 1966-09-19
JPS4328557B1 (xx) 1968-12-07

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