US344744A - Reaming-tool for use in sinking bored-well casings - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

W. A. LLOYD. u REAMING TOOL POR USE IN SINKIN-G BORED WLLL GASINGS.

Patented June 29, 1886.

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WILLIAM ALEXANDER LLOYD, OFYMAOKSBURG, OHIO.

REllVllNG-TOOL FOR USE EN SINKING BORED-WELL CASlNGS.

SPECIEECATICN forming part of Letters Patent No. (M4744, dated June 29, 1:886.

Application led October 5, 1885. Serial No. 179,031.

To aZZ whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER LLOYD, of Macksburg, in the county of Wash ington and State of Ohio, have invented a new and Improved Reaming-Tool for Use in Sinking BoredNVell Gasings, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to reaming-tools adapted to reain out bores made in the earth by solid drills or tools passed through the inside of the partly-sunk casings of oil or Artesian Wells, and so that said bores may be enlarged to the full exterior diameter of the casings, to allow `the latter to be sunk as the boring proceeds. Y

The object of the invention is to facilitate this work by providing a simple, readily-adjustable, and edective expansible tool of improved construction, by using which the wellcasing may be sunk to shut out surface or drainage water without allowing the earth to cave in, and permitting a boring and casing of the well at a considerable saving of time and labor over other means of performing the work.

The invention consists in certain novel features oli' construction and combination of parts of the reamingtool, all as hereinafter fully described and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure l is a central vertical section of a bored well with the casing applied and partly broken away, and shows also in side elevation my improved reainingtool as at work in the well. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional elevation .of the reaining-tool in larger size and showing it in its contracted condition,as when passing through the well-casing, which latter is shown in section. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of the reaming-tool taken at right angles to Fig. 2, and showing the tool-expanding head raised to expand the cutters, as when the tool is in use. Fig. 4c is a sectional elevation of the upper part of the` reamingtool and shows the adjustment of the expander-catches when the rcaming-tool is contracted to pass through the well-casing, which is shown in dotted lines.

(No model.)

are detail views of the joint of the hinged jaw with the head of the tool.

The letter A indicates the l'eamingtool, the body of which is formed in two main parts, the part of jaw A', with which the head a of the tool is formed, and the jaw A2, which is pivoted on a pin7 ai, to the head of the tool, and so as to swing toward and fromI thejaw A', to contract and expand the tool at its lower end, and the upper end of thejawA2 will preferably be fitted with a steel cap-plate to work on a steel facing-plate set into the head of the tool, and as indicated by the darkly-shaded section lines in Fig. 2. The lower ends of both jaws are dressed so as to provide the cuttinglip a3 on each jaw,and the lips are undercut at their outer faces for more effective action of the from Figs. 7 and 8, the pin a2, being shown' broken and the shoulders a6 cti in contact in Fig. 8. The downward and inward incline of the shoulders prevents easy slip of the head of the jaw A from the socket made for it in the tool-head a. The inner faces of the jaws A A2 of the tool are recessed longitudinally, as at ai, and separated, as at a5, to give space for the expander, which is made with a head or block, B, tapered backward from its outer end and connected at its inner end to one end of a spring, O, the inner end of which is connected to the head a of the tool, and preferably by attaching the spring to a screw eye or 1 bolt, D, which is threaded into a hole in the head, so that the screw may be turned in or out to regulate the tension of the spring, the normal action of which is to draw the tapering head B upward between the opposite jaws A A2 of the tool, to throw the jaw Azoutward IOO for expanding the tool. rIhe tapered sides of the head B, which face the jaws A A2, (See Fig. 2,) are formed with upwardly-projecting lips b b, which lock into grooves b b', formed 1n the ends of the jaws A A2, when the spring O draws the head B fully upward, at which time the bottom face of the head stands above the sharp outer edges of the cutting-lips of the jaws, so as not to interfere with their effective cutting action. (See Figs. 1 and 3.) By the interlocking of the head B with the jaws A Azat b b thejaws will be held against further expansion, so as to cut the hole for the wellcasing E to a uniform diameter.

-Instead of the lips b, the head B may have half-dovetailed flanges, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 2, and which will enter correspondingly-shaped recesses in the ends of thejaws A A2, and will have the same effect. It will be noticed that the tension of the spring C will hold the jaw A2 up into its socket if thc,pivotpin a2 should break.

To opposite sides of the top of the expander-head B are fixed at f f the elastic or spring metal rods F F, which lie in the space a5, between the jaws A A2 of the tool, and at their upper ends are provided with the heads or catches G G, which have the inclined faces or shoulders g g, which are adapted to lock under opposite lower shoulders, l 1, formed at the lower end of the head a of the tool, asin Fig. 4, when the tool is contracted, and are adapted also to lock under opposite upper shoulders, 2 2, as in Fig. 3, when the tool is expanded. The upper edges of the catches G are beveled downwardand outward, as at g', to cause the catches and the expanding-head B to be lowered, and the catches to be forced' inward, when the catches are brought against the lower end or shoe e of the casing E, in withdrawing the reaming-tool from the casing.

The letters G G indicate pins or studs.

' which are fixed to the inner face of the tooljaw A in such positions that inclined faces g2 gl of the opposite expander-catches, G G, will strlke said pins and automatically force the lcatches inward, so as to lock their shoulders g g under the shoulders l l of the tool-head a', to allow the tool to contract. It is obvious that these pins G G also will form rests for the catches G Gshould the expander-spring C or its connection D break, and thus will prevent loss of the expander down the hole when the tool is in use. Stems g3, on the upper ends of the catches G, form stops for the catches against shoulders on the head of the tool.

. The letter H indicates the boring-bar, to which the head a of the reaming-tool A is to be connected. The letter I indicates the fullsized bore of the well, and the letter J indicates the smaller bore of the well, which is made by a drill entered through the casing E, and which bar J is to be enlarged or reamed out by the reaming-tool A, to allow the casing to be lowered into the bore of the well.

The operation is as follows: rlhe well-bore the drill passes, and the drill will be with-,f

drawn, and the casing E will be lowered in jointed lengths, as usual, until within about E ten feet of the bottom of the wellbore I, so as to give room/for the operation of the reaming-tool A, which is about five feet long. As largea drill as may safely be passed through the inserted well-casing E, then will be fixed to the bar H and lowered through the casing to the bottom of the bore I, and will bore a hole, as at J, too small to admit the pipe E, and for as great a depth as permissible, without allowing the earth to cave in. This drill then will be withdrawn, and the reaming-tool -A will be xed to the boring-bar, vand the expanding-head B will be forced outward by pressure on the catches G of the rods F, or otherwise, until the catch-shoulders g pass below or against the shoulders l of' the head a of the tool A, and so as to allow thejaw A2 to be swunginward to contract the tool and atthe same time admitthe catches G within the casing, and so that the entire tool A may be passed downward through the casing. When the catches G pass below the shoe e of the casing, they Will be pressed outward by the tension of the spring C as the expander-head B is drawn upward by the spring to expand the reaming-tool to the full diameter of the wellbore I, and the shoulders g of the catches G will rest on the shoulders 2 of the head a of the tool as the lips b of the head B lock into the grooves b of the tool-jaws A A2, to hold them expanded. rlhe reaming-tool now will be operated by the boring-bar to cutaway the side walls, j, of the bore J to the full size of the bore I for a`safe depth, and the tool` A then will be lifted by the boring-bar in the bore I, and the inclined ends or faces g of the catches G will strike the end of the shoe e and force the catches and the retainer-head B downward, as in Figs. 2 and 4, so that the reaming-.tool A may contract, so as to be drawn upward through the casing E. The casing now will, be lowered again to within about ten feet of the bottom of the bore I, as before, and the boring at J will be resumed and the drill Withdrawn, and the reaming-tool A will again be passed through the casing to enlarge the bore J, and the casing will again be forced downward, as before, and so on by successive stages will the casing be sunk into the earth, and without allowing the earth to cave in, so that the well may be bored and cased with economy of time and labor over other methods of performing the work, as there is little or no danger of losing the tools in the bores when the earth is prevented from caving in onto them.

It is evident that the shoulders 2 2 of the head a of the tool are not essential to the suc- IOC cessful operation of the reaming-tool, as the locking ofthe lips b of the head B with the ends of the jaws A' A' will be a sufficient stop to limit the rise of the catches G as the eX- pander is drawn upward by the spring C; but the use of the stop-shoulders 2 2 is preferred.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The reaming-tool A, constructed with a fixed jaw, A', and a pivoted jaw,A2,with ends formed as cutters and provided with shoulders l l at its head a', and an expander consisting of a tapering head or block, B, placed between the jaws A' A2, a spring, as at C, tending to draw the head inward for expanding the tool, and catches, as at F G, fixed to head B, and having shoulders g, adapted to lock against the head-shoulders l l to allow the jaw A2 to swing inward for contracting the tool, substantially as herein set forth.

2. In a reaming-tool, the pivoted jaw connected with the tool-head by a joint providing shoulders, as at c al, on the jaw and head, respectively, substantially as specied,whercby should the jawpiv0t break the jaw will be retained by the.tool.head,'as set forth.

3. In a reaming-tool comprising a head, a', a jaw, A', fixed thereto, a jaw, A2, pivoted thereto, and an expander consisting of a tapering head, B, and a spring, C, connected there with, the combination, with the tool-head a', the expander-head B, and the spring C, of the screw-holt D,connecting the spring adj ustably t0 the head c', substantially as herein set forth.

4. In a reaming-tool, the combination, with the cutter-jaws A' A2, adapted for expansion, substantially as specified, and the expandinghead B, of catches G G, fixed to head B and formed with inclined edges or faces g', substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

5. In a reaming-tool, the combination, with the cutter-jaws A A', and the expandinghead B, provided with catches G G, and arranged substantially as specified, of pins G' G', fixed in one of the jaws and acting to draw the catches inward, and also to prevent loss ofthe expander should its connections break, substantially as herein set forth.

6. In a reaming-tool, the combination, with the cutter-jaws A' A2, and the expandinghead B, arranged substantially as specified, of lips b on the head, and slots b' in thejawsto which the lips are adapted, substantially as herein set forth.

7. Ina reaming-tool, the combination, with thejaws AAZ, and the expander comprising a spring-drawn tapering head, B, placed between the jaws, of catches G, held to head B, and provided with shoulders g, and the head a' of the tool being provided with opposite shoulders, 1 l and 2 2, substantially as herein set forth.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER LLOYD.

Witnesses:

SAMUEL Buss, FRANK Bess.

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