US3447417A - Gun with a floating breech bolt - Google Patents
Gun with a floating breech bolt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3447417A US3447417A US618595A US3447417DA US3447417A US 3447417 A US3447417 A US 3447417A US 618595 A US618595 A US 618595A US 3447417D A US3447417D A US 3447417DA US 3447417 A US3447417 A US 3447417A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- breech
- bolt
- gun
- breech bolt
- bolt head
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
- F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
- F41A3/36—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing
- F41A3/38—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
- F41A3/40—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes mounted on the bolt
Definitions
- the prior art fixed barrel guns have the disadvantage that prior to firing it is required to effect a manual adjustment of the gun which is necessary for prearranging 1t to stand the pressure which will be generated by the cartridge during explosion in order not to damage the breech frame duringrecoil and to facilitate the ejection of the cartridge case.
- the gun according to the invention is characterized in that it has the bolt head separated from the breech bolt with a spring loosely interposed therebetween.
- the spring should be suitably designed to perform the following functions:
- FIG. l shows in a perspective view, partially in section, the portion of a sporting gun concerning this invention, with the breech bolt ready for iirng;
- F'IG. 2 shows in a perspective view, partially in section, the portion of a sporting gun concerning this invention 3,447,417 Patented June 3, 1969 showing the relative positions between the breech bolt and bolt head due to the reaction to firing, and
- FIG. 3 shows in a perspective view, partially in section, the portion of a sporting gun concerning this invention, with the breech bolt in the bolt head unlocking and recoil stage.
- a breech frame 7 containing a bolt head 1 and a breech bolt 9 between which a helical spring 10 is loosely interposed.
- the bolt head 1 and the breech bolt 9 have an axial bore 12, 13 respectively for providing a passage for the striker 14.
- the bolt head 1 has a recess 15 having a rounded end, in which a correspondingly rounded end 4 of a nib 3 seatingly engages. The latter ends at the other end with a foot 5 having four -flat faces 16, 17, 18 and 19, whose function will be explained hereinafter.
- the face 16 is adapted to cooperate with a ramp 6 in the breech frame 7, the face 17 is adapted to cooperate with a fface 20 in a cavity 21 in the lower portion of the breech bolt 9, the face 18 is adapted to cooperate with a fa'ce 22 in the cavity 21 of the breech bolt 9 and the face 19 is adapted to cooperate with a face 8 in the cavity 21 of the breech bolt 9.
- the tiring hammer is shown at 23 and the cartridge chamber at 24.
- the bolt head 1 locks a cartridge 2 in the cartridge chamber 24 by means of the nib 3 acting as a push rod which engages at its rounded end 4 the corresponding rounded portion in the recess 15 and at its other end, by means of the face 16 engaging the ramp 6 in the breech frame.
- the gun is thus ready for firing.
- the spring 10 After the spring 10 is compressed, to a predetermined degree because of the relative movement in opposite directions between the mobile breech bolt 9 and the bolt head 1 during the recoil of the whole gun, the spring, in the recoil subsiding stage, moves the breech bolt 9 rearwardly. During such movement, the face 22 strikes the falce 18 on the foot 5 of the nib 3 causing the face 16 to slide over the ramp 6 in the breech frame 6 until the face 17 on the foot 5 engages the face 20' of the breech bolt 9 (see FIG. 3) thus releasing the nib 3 from its engagement with the breech frame 7.
- the bolt head 1 because partly of the remaining recoil action and partly of the discharge gases, follows the breech bolt 9 in its back movement until the mobile breech bolt and bolt head assembly strikes against the rear portion of the breech frame 7 enabling a regular and easy ejection of the cartridge case.
- a breech frame having a firing chamber, a bolt head -within the frame, one end of said head closing said chamber and said end having a recess formed therein, said bolt head being formed with a cylindrical extension having a passage therethrough, a ring pin in said passage, a oating breech bolt slidably mounted within said 'frame and having a sleeve-like portion receiving the cylindrical extension of said bolt head and having also a passage aligned with said first named passage for receiving said ring pin, an inclined abutment formed on said breech frame, a locking nib within said frame having one end extending into the recess in the bolt head and the other end engaging said abutment to lock said bolt head in a forward ring position, and a spring interposed between said cylindrical extension and said breech bolt, said breech bolt and bolt head being relatively movable in opposite directions at firing of the gun due to recoil forces and the inertia of said breech
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Golf Clubs (AREA)
Description
June 3, 1969 B. clvoLANl 3,447,417
GUN WITH A FLOATING BREECH BOLT Filed Feb. 27. 1967 I IIIIIAVIIII INVEN TOR BRUNO CIVOLA Nl United States Patent O 3,447,417 GUN WITH A FLOATING BREECH BOLT Bruno Civolani, Bologna, Italy, assignor to Benelli S.p.A. Divisione Armi, Viale Mameli, Italy, a corporation of Ital y Filed Feb. 27, 1967, Ser. No. 618,595 Claims priority, application Italy, Mar. 9, 1966, 5,172/ 66 Int. Cl. F41d 3/04 U.S. Cl. 89--182 1 Claim ABSTRACT F 'I'HE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to sporting guns and guns generally and relates more particularly to a special breech bolt arrangement in such guns.
The prior art fixed barrel guns have the disadvantage that prior to firing it is required to effect a manual adjustment of the gun which is necessary for prearranging 1t to stand the pressure which will be generated by the cartridge during explosion in order not to damage the breech frame duringrecoil and to facilitate the ejection of the cartridge case.
It is an object of this invention to obviate said disadvantage by providing a weapon by which it is possible to re safely and repeatedly any light charge or heavy charge cartridge with excellent results, Iwith a substantial reduction in recoil with respect to other guns and with a regular and easy ejection of the cartridge lease.
More particularly, the gun according to the invention is characterized in that it has the bolt head separated from the breech bolt with a spring loosely interposed therebetween.
The spring should be suitably designed to perform the following functions:
(a) to make the kick between the breech bolt mass and the bolt head elastic thus ydampening the recoil;
(b) to automatically adjust the unlocking of the locking system by providing a more or less long unlocking delay time in relation to the different pressures generated by cartridges having different charges.;
(c) to cause by its reaction the back movement of the whole breech bolt-bolt head system, enabling the eiection of the cartridge case and the subsequent reloading of the gun.
The invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, given merely by way of example and therefore in no limiting sense, of an embodiment thereof, referring to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. l shows in a perspective view, partially in section, the portion of a sporting gun concerning this invention, with the breech bolt ready for iirng;
F'IG. 2 shows in a perspective view, partially in section, the portion of a sporting gun concerning this invention 3,447,417 Patented June 3, 1969 showing the relative positions between the breech bolt and bolt head due to the reaction to firing, and
FIG. 3 shows in a perspective view, partially in section, the portion of a sporting gun concerning this invention, with the breech bolt in the bolt head unlocking and recoil stage.
Referring first to FIG. l, a breech frame 7 is shown containing a bolt head 1 and a breech bolt 9 between which a helical spring 10 is loosely interposed. The bolt head 1 and the breech bolt 9 have an axial bore 12, 13 respectively for providing a passage for the striker 14. The bolt head 1 has a recess 15 having a rounded end, in which a correspondingly rounded end 4 of a nib 3 seatingly engages. The latter ends at the other end with a foot 5 having four - flat faces 16, 17, 18 and 19, whose function will be explained hereinafter. The face 16 is adapted to cooperate with a ramp 6 in the breech frame 7, the face 17 is adapted to cooperate with a fface 20 in a cavity 21 in the lower portion of the breech bolt 9, the face 18 is adapted to cooperate with a fa'ce 22 in the cavity 21 of the breech bolt 9 and the face 19 is adapted to cooperate with a face 8 in the cavity 21 of the breech bolt 9. The tiring hammer is shown at 23 and the cartridge chamber at 24.
In the position shown the bolt head 1 locks a cartridge 2 in the cartridge chamber 24 by means of the nib 3 acting as a push rod which engages at its rounded end 4 the corresponding rounded portion in the recess 15 and at its other end, by means of the face 16 engaging the ramp 6 in the breech frame. The gun is thus ready for firing.
After tiring, see RIG. 2, the whole gun recoils because of the pressure generated by the charge in the cartridge 2, the breech `frame 7 undergoes a sudden back movement whereas the mass of the mobile breech bolt 9, since it is not integral with the gun, opposes the shot by means of a kick causing the spring 10 to be compressed, thus dampening and delaying for a more or less long time depending upon the pressure of the cartridge charge, the recoil of the whole locking system. iDuring this stage the foot 5 of the nib 3 steadily contacts the ramp 6 in the breech frame 7 and is held in this position by the engagement of its face 19 with the face 8 in the cavity 21 of the breech bolt. As a result the bolt head is held locked against the cartridge chamber 24, as can be seen from FIG. 2.
After the spring 10 is compressed, to a predetermined degree because of the relative movement in opposite directions between the mobile breech bolt 9 and the bolt head 1 during the recoil of the whole gun, the spring, in the recoil subsiding stage, moves the breech bolt 9 rearwardly. During such movement, the face 22 strikes the falce 18 on the foot 5 of the nib 3 causing the face 16 to slide over the ramp 6 in the breech frame 6 until the face 17 on the foot 5 engages the face 20' of the breech bolt 9 (see FIG. 3) thus releasing the nib 3 from its engagement with the breech frame 7. The bolt head 1, because partly of the remaining recoil action and partly of the discharge gases, follows the breech bolt 9 in its back movement until the mobile breech bolt and bolt head assembly strikes against the rear portion of the breech frame 7 enabling a regular and easy ejection of the cartridge case.
While but one embodiment of the invention has been shown, it is obvious that a number of changes and modifications can be made. In particular, While the invention has been illustrated and described in its application to a sporting gun, it can nd application also in guns for armed forces.
I claim:
1. In a gun of the fixed barrel type, a breech frame having a firing chamber, a bolt head -within the frame, one end of said head closing said chamber and said end having a recess formed therein, said bolt head being formed with a cylindrical extension having a passage therethrough, a ring pin in said passage, a oating breech bolt slidably mounted within said 'frame and having a sleeve-like portion receiving the cylindrical extension of said bolt head and having also a passage aligned with said first named passage for receiving said ring pin, an inclined abutment formed on said breech frame, a locking nib within said frame having one end extending into the recess in the bolt head and the other end engaging said abutment to lock said bolt head in a forward ring position, and a spring interposed between said cylindrical extension and said breech bolt, said breech bolt and bolt head being relatively movable in opposite directions at firing of the gun due to recoil forces and the inertia of said breech bolt to compress said spring, the latter thereafter expanding during subsiding of the recoil forces to move said breech bolt in the opposite direction, and cooperating means on said breech bolt and said other end of the locking nib to release engagement between said other end of the nib and said inclined abutment to unlock said bolt head.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 676,094 6/ 1901 Linville et al. 1,109,910 9/1914 Eastwiek 89--182 X 2,365,389 12/1944 Browning 89-190 X 2,866,387 12/1958 Stern et al 89-190 X 2,890,626 6/1959 Amsler 89-180 FOREIGN PATENTS 511,084 8/ 1939 Great Britain. 429,241 1/1948 Italy.
BENJAMIN A. BORCHELT, Primary Examiner.
STEPHEN C. BENTLEY, Assistant Examiner.
U.S. Cl. X.R. 89-190
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT517266 | 1966-03-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3447417A true US3447417A (en) | 1969-06-03 |
Family
ID=11118807
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US618595A Expired - Lifetime US3447417A (en) | 1966-03-09 | 1967-02-27 | Gun with a floating breech bolt |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3447417A (en) |
BE (1) | BE695019A (en) |
ES (1) | ES337702A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1513776A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1182454A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0156423A1 (en) * | 1984-03-28 | 1985-10-02 | FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme | Shotguns |
EP2017565A2 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-21 | BENELLI ARMI S.p.A. | Locking and recocking assembly with swivel breech-lock and rotating locking head, particularly for inertially-actuated weapons using the kinetic energy of recoil |
US7661219B1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2010-02-16 | Knights Armament Company | Ambidextrous bolt catch for firearms |
WO2012176086A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Fabbrica D'armi Pietro Beretta S.P.A. | Firearm operating system |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US676094A (en) * | 1900-04-19 | 1901-06-11 | Robert W Linville | Magazine-firearm |
US1109910A (en) * | 1914-06-13 | 1914-09-08 | James Eastwick | Automatic small-arm. |
GB511084A (en) * | 1938-01-22 | 1939-08-14 | Ferenc Gebauer | Improvements in or relating to gas-operated firearms |
US2365389A (en) * | 1941-11-04 | 1944-12-19 | J M & M S Browning Company | Firearm |
US2866387A (en) * | 1957-01-11 | 1958-12-30 | Rudolph E Stern | Breech block mechanism |
US2890626A (en) * | 1955-05-13 | 1959-06-16 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | Locking members for a composite breech block |
-
1967
- 1967-02-27 US US618595A patent/US3447417A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-02-28 GB GB9481/67A patent/GB1182454A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-03-01 FR FR48344A patent/FR1513776A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-03-06 BE BE695019D patent/BE695019A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1967-03-07 ES ES337702A patent/ES337702A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US676094A (en) * | 1900-04-19 | 1901-06-11 | Robert W Linville | Magazine-firearm |
US1109910A (en) * | 1914-06-13 | 1914-09-08 | James Eastwick | Automatic small-arm. |
GB511084A (en) * | 1938-01-22 | 1939-08-14 | Ferenc Gebauer | Improvements in or relating to gas-operated firearms |
US2365389A (en) * | 1941-11-04 | 1944-12-19 | J M & M S Browning Company | Firearm |
US2890626A (en) * | 1955-05-13 | 1959-06-16 | Sig Schweiz Industrieges | Locking members for a composite breech block |
US2866387A (en) * | 1957-01-11 | 1958-12-30 | Rudolph E Stern | Breech block mechanism |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0156423A1 (en) * | 1984-03-28 | 1985-10-02 | FABRIQUE NATIONALE HERSTAL en abrégé FN Société Anonyme | Shotguns |
US7661219B1 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2010-02-16 | Knights Armament Company | Ambidextrous bolt catch for firearms |
EP2017565A2 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2009-01-21 | BENELLI ARMI S.p.A. | Locking and recocking assembly with swivel breech-lock and rotating locking head, particularly for inertially-actuated weapons using the kinetic energy of recoil |
EP2017565A3 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2015-04-08 | BENELLI ARMI S.p.A. | Locking and recocking assembly with swivel breech-lock and rotating locking head, particularly for inertially-actuated weapons using the kinetic energy of recoil |
WO2012176086A1 (en) | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Fabbrica D'armi Pietro Beretta S.P.A. | Firearm operating system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES337702A1 (en) | 1968-04-16 |
FR1513776A (en) | 1968-02-16 |
DE1553854A1 (en) | 1971-06-09 |
GB1182454A (en) | 1970-02-25 |
DE1553854B2 (en) | 1975-11-13 |
BE695019A (en) | 1967-08-14 |
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