US3447350A - Method and device for the magnetic forming of metallic workpieces - Google Patents

Method and device for the magnetic forming of metallic workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3447350A
US3447350A US703186A US70318668A US3447350A US 3447350 A US3447350 A US 3447350A US 703186 A US703186 A US 703186A US 70318668 A US70318668 A US 70318668A US 3447350 A US3447350 A US 3447350A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
coil
forming
steel
tube
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Expired - Lifetime
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US703186A
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English (en)
Inventor
Horst Schenk
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/14—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces

Definitions

  • U.S. Cl. 72-56 4 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Apparatus for forming metallic workpieces with pulsed magnetic fields produced by work coils including a mechanically stable member and member of high electrical conductivity in juxtaposition to the work coil and an incompressible fluid medium between the stable member and the workpiece, thereby producing by the coil magnetic field a shock wave through the two members and fiuid medium to exert forming pressure upon the workplece.
  • Hydrospark process If the shape of the work to be produced is not accurately rotationally symmetrical, it is generally necessary to employ an arc-igniting wire between the art electrodes.
  • the ignition wire For some purposes, particularly for deep-draining of a workpiece, the ignition wire must be given the shape of a planar spiral. Due to the necessity of mounting the ignition wires between the electrodes to be submerged in water, the required settingup periods are undesirably long with this type of forming method.
  • Another, more specic object of my invention is to provide a method of forming metallic workpieces with pulsed magnetic fields using a driver member between work coil and workpiece, which avoids the occurrence of an appreciable, if any, increase in spacing prior to attainment of the capacitor maximal discharge current.
  • Still another object of the invention is to permit the forming of workpieces having greatly different external dimensions without the necessity of using field concentrators.
  • 1t is also among the objects of my invention to improve the pulsed magnetic-forming method by providing for better uniformity with respect to the distribution of the pressure exerted upon the workpiece and/or by increasing the eiciency of the process.
  • a mechanically stable solid medium of high electrical conductivity is placed in juxtaposition to the work coil, and an incompressible fluid medium is placed between the solid medium and the workpiece. Then a shock wave is produced by the coil magnetic field and through the solid medium and the fluid medium to impose the forming pressure upon the Workpiece.
  • high electrical conductivity is herein understood to refer to an electrical conductivity at least equal to that of electrolyte copper.
  • the method is preferably performed by employing, as the mechanically stable solid medium, a sheet structure composed of inter-bonded layers or strata which consist of the high-conductivity metal and of reinforcing metal respectively, the former metal being preferably electrolyte copper and the reinforcement metal being preferably steel.
  • the mechanically stable medium of high electrical conductivity may consist substantially of a tube formed of electrolyte copper which is internally reinforced by a tube of steel, or the reinforcing tube of steel may be located on the outer surface of the copper tube.
  • the mechanically stable medium may also consist of a substantially planar bimetallic sheet analogously composed of electrolyte copper and steel, for example.
  • the incompressible fluid medium is preferably water, although other liquids such as mineral oil are likewise applicable.
  • FIG. l shows schematically a method and device according to the invention for comprising a tubular workpiece
  • FIG. 2 shows the same device more in detail.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically and in section the essential parts of a device according to the invention for widening the tubular workpiece; and FIG. 4 shows in section the same device more in detail.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically and in section the essential parts of a device for deep drawing a planar workpiece according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows in section the same device more in detail.
  • a work coil in this case a compression coil, to be energized by electric shock discharges from a battery of capacitors.
  • the interior surface of the hollow-cylindrical coil is lined with a cylinder or tube 12 of electrolyte copper which is reinforced by a tube 13 of steel.
  • the inner diameter of the bimetal member 12, 13 is considerably larger than the diameter of the tubular workpiece to be formed so that when the workpiece is coaxially positioned, there remains an enclosed interspace 14 of annular shape which is completely filled with incompressible uid medium, preferably water.
  • Each field pulse subjects the internally steel-reinforced tube 12 of copper, being in immediate proximity to the work coil 11, to an extremely high pressure which is propagated through the Water as a shock wave onto the workpiece 15 where it causes the free deformation of the workpiece by compression.
  • the interspace 14 is tightly enclosed with the aid of rubber seals 16a and 161: and is provided with inlet and outlet nipples 17a, 17b through which the water is supplied into the space or subsequently discharged therefrom.
  • the workpiece 15 is seated on a subdivided mandrel 18 which, in this particular example, is shown to have a number of recesses 19a distributed over its periphery, in accordance with the particular shape to be imparted to the workpiece 15.
  • the recesses 19a communicate with a bore 19b terminating in a nipple 19C for connection to a vacuum pump. Prior to passing a capacitor discharge through the compression coil 11, the recesses 19a are evacuated. The current is supplied to the respective ends of the coil through terminal straps 20a and 201).
  • the compression coil 11 When the compression coil 11 is energized by the shock current, the resulting pressure wave deforms the workpiece 15 by forcing it into the depressions or recesses 19a of the mandrel 18. By virtue of the subdivision of the mandrel 18, it can thereafter be separated into individual parts and thus be removed from the interior of the workpiece.
  • FIG. 3 indicates how the method according to the invention may be applied for widening a tubular workpiece of steel.
  • 21 is the work coil (expansion coil).
  • the coil is closely and tightly surrounded by a tube 22 of electrolyte copper which in turn is surrounded by, and bonded with a tube 23 of steel.
  • the space 24 around the steel tube is filled with incompressible medium such as water.
  • the water space is peripherally limited by the tubular workpiece 25 of steel to be widened.
  • the magnetic field of the expansion coil 21 exerts pressure upon the externally steel-reinforced tube 22 of copper. The pressure is propagated through the enclosed quantity of water as a shock wave and acts upon the tubular workpiece 25.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates how the invention may be applied for deep drawing of a workpiece.
  • 31 is the work coil which in this case is a flat coil of the spiral or pancake type. Closely adjacent to the coil 31 is a circular sheet of electrolyte copper reinforced on top by a sheet 33 of steel.
  • Denoted by 34 is the interspace filled with incompressible fluid medium such as water.
  • the workpiece 35 constituted by a circular disc of sheet material, is located adjacent to a shaped metal structure 36 which has recesses 37, for example of semi-circular cross section.
  • the part 36 consists of a part that is to become bonded with the workpiece material 35 to form an integral article or component therewith.
  • the magnetic field of the flat coil 31 imposes upon the steel-reinforced sheet 32 of electrolyte copper a pressure which causes a shock wave to be propagated through the water onto the workpiece 35, for example of steel.
  • material of the workpiece 35 is forced into the recesses of the body 36 to remain attached thereto.
  • the same method is applicable if the workpiece 35 is tubular, in which case the components 31, 32, 33 and 36 are likewise tubular in the manner apparent from FIGS. l and 2.
  • the recesses 37 are shown connected with a nipple 38 for connection to a vacuum pump, and the confined space 34 for the pressure transmitting liquid is in communication with nipples 39 and 40 for supplying and draining the liquid.
  • the terminal straps of the flat coil 31 are denoted by 40 and 41.
  • the device is mounted on a support 42 with the aid of two columns 44 and 45 and a pressure bar linked to column 44 and engaged by a nut 46 which is in threaded engagement with the column 45. This mounting permits firmly clamping the magnetic forming device proper against the support 42.
  • a further advantage of the method and devices according to the invention is the fact that workpieces of relatively low electrical conductivity can be shaped and otherwise formed without the use of displaceable driver sheets. Furthermore, no field concentrators are necessary for workpieces having different external dimensions, because the width of the space for confining the incompressible medium is not critical. Consequently workpieces of different diameters can be subjected to magnetic forming with the aid of one and the same work coil.
  • the invention also affords applying repeated capacitor discharges for the progressive forming of a workpiece without the necessity of providing a new driver member or a new field concentrator prior to each repetition.
  • the novel method further permits achieving a considerably higher eiciency than the known methods and, as shown, is applicable for free forming as well as for the bonded forming of workpieces.
  • Device for forming metallic workpieces with pulsed magnetic fields comprising a work coil energizable by passage of current discharges therethrough for producing a pulsed magnetic field, said work coil having a surface adapted to face a workpiece, a mechanically stable member and a member consisting of material having high electrical conductivity connected to one ⁇ another at mutually engaging surfaces thereof, said members having another surface respectively, the other surface of said member of high electrical conductivity being in close engagement with the workpiece-facing surface of said work coil, the other surface of said mechanically stable member being so disposed as to be in spaced relationship to the workpiece, and an incompressible uid medium completely filling the interspace between the other surface of said mechanically stable member and the workpiece for coupling said members to the workpiece and exerting upon the workpiece a forming pressure due to shock waves produced by the coil magnetic eld.
  • said member of high electrical conductivity is a tube of electrolyte copper
  • said mechanically stable member is a steel tube disposed coaXially to said copper tube, the inner surface of said copper tube being :firmly bonded to the outer surface of said steel tube.
  • said member of high electrical conductivity is a tube of electrolyte copper
  • said mechanically stable member is a steel tube disposed coaxially to said copper tube, the outer surface of said copper tnbe being rmly bonded to the inner surface of said steel tube.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
US703186A 1964-06-10 1968-02-05 Method and device for the magnetic forming of metallic workpieces Expired - Lifetime US3447350A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DES91449A DE1303528B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-06-10 1964-06-10

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US3447350A true US3447350A (en) 1969-06-03

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US703186A Expired - Lifetime US3447350A (en) 1964-06-10 1968-02-05 Method and device for the magnetic forming of metallic workpieces

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US (1) US3447350A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH419031A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1303528B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1435585A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1116242A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4619127A (en) * 1984-02-29 1986-10-28 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology Electromagnetic forming method by use of a driver
US5058408A (en) * 1990-01-30 1991-10-22 Aluminum Company Of America Method for partially annealing the sidewall of a container
US6438839B1 (en) 2001-01-26 2002-08-27 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of manufacturing a catalytic converter by induction welding
RU2203760C1 (ru) * 2001-09-14 2003-05-10 Тульский государственный университет Устройство для магнитно-импульсного формообразования осесимметричных оболочек
CN111451354A (zh) * 2020-03-27 2020-07-28 中南大学 一种用于管件的电磁-流体冲击复合成形装置及其成形方法
US11335486B2 (en) 2014-05-04 2022-05-17 Belvac Production Machinery Inc. Systems and methods for electromagnetic forming of containers

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4116031A (en) * 1976-12-20 1978-09-26 The Boeing Company Flux concentrator for electromagnetic pulling
FR2570303B1 (fr) * 1984-09-19 1993-12-03 Leroy Maurice Dispositifs pour former des materiaux en utilisant des champs magnetiques intenses et pulses et un fluide
US7076981B2 (en) * 2004-03-30 2006-07-18 Bradley John R Electromagnetic formation of fuel cell plates

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE629449A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1962-05-30
US2976907A (en) * 1958-08-28 1961-03-28 Gen Dynamics Corp Metal forming device and method
US3092165A (en) * 1961-01-11 1963-06-04 Gen Dynamics Corp Magnetic forming method and apparatus therefor
US3115857A (en) * 1961-06-05 1963-12-31 Republic Aviat Corp Metal forming apparatus
US3279228A (en) * 1964-03-11 1966-10-18 Gen Dynamics Corp Forming device and method
US3346914A (en) * 1966-11-10 1967-10-17 Donald J Sandstrom Device for consolidating metal powders

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2976907A (en) * 1958-08-28 1961-03-28 Gen Dynamics Corp Metal forming device and method
US3092165A (en) * 1961-01-11 1963-06-04 Gen Dynamics Corp Magnetic forming method and apparatus therefor
US3115857A (en) * 1961-06-05 1963-12-31 Republic Aviat Corp Metal forming apparatus
BE629449A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1962-05-30
US3279228A (en) * 1964-03-11 1966-10-18 Gen Dynamics Corp Forming device and method
US3346914A (en) * 1966-11-10 1967-10-17 Donald J Sandstrom Device for consolidating metal powders

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4619127A (en) * 1984-02-29 1986-10-28 Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology Electromagnetic forming method by use of a driver
US5058408A (en) * 1990-01-30 1991-10-22 Aluminum Company Of America Method for partially annealing the sidewall of a container
US6643928B2 (en) * 2000-10-12 2003-11-11 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of manufacturing an exhaust emission control device
US6438839B1 (en) 2001-01-26 2002-08-27 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of manufacturing a catalytic converter by induction welding
RU2203760C1 (ru) * 2001-09-14 2003-05-10 Тульский государственный университет Устройство для магнитно-импульсного формообразования осесимметричных оболочек
US11335486B2 (en) 2014-05-04 2022-05-17 Belvac Production Machinery Inc. Systems and methods for electromagnetic forming of containers
US11596994B2 (en) 2014-05-04 2023-03-07 Belvac Production Machinery, Inc. Systems and methods for electromagnetic forming of containers
CN111451354A (zh) * 2020-03-27 2020-07-28 中南大学 一种用于管件的电磁-流体冲击复合成形装置及其成形方法
CN111451354B (zh) * 2020-03-27 2022-05-27 中南大学 一种用于管件的电磁-流体冲击复合成形装置及其成形方法

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Publication number Publication date
FR1435585A (fr) 1966-04-15
DE1303528B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-31
CH419031A (de) 1966-08-31
GB1116242A (en) 1968-06-06

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