US3446647A - Transfer coating and paper - Google Patents

Transfer coating and paper Download PDF

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Publication number
US3446647A
US3446647A US3446647DA US3446647A US 3446647 A US3446647 A US 3446647A US 3446647D A US3446647D A US 3446647DA US 3446647 A US3446647 A US 3446647A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transfer
coating
water
binder
sheet
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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John S Rizner
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Varco Inc
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Varco Inc
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Publication of US3446647A publication Critical patent/US3446647A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/10—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein by using carbon paper or the like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/914—Transfer or decalcomania
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31801—Of wax or waxy material
    • Y10T428/31804—Next to cellulosic
    • Y10T428/31808—Cellulosic is paper

Definitions

  • a transfer sheet having a release coating containing clay filler and a water-soluble binder base such as casein and further containing 5 to 30 parts by weight highly surface-active wetting agent per 2 to parts by weight binder and in which the wetting agent is one which boils above the boiling point of water, such as a Pluronic or other non-ionic alkylene oxide-hydrophobic base condensation product.
  • the wetting agent provides proper release properties for the coating while retaining the coating as a generally smudge-free coating.
  • This invention relates to transfer coatings used on the reverse surface of a fibrous sheet, where the fibrous sheet is pressure transmitting and has a mark receiving front surface, so that the pressure of a mark impressed on the mark receiving surface will be transmitted through the sheet to reproduce the mark by transfer of the coating to a surface in backing facial contact with the coating. More particularly, this invention relates to transfer coatings for copying paper and to copying paper and manifolds thereof employing such coatings.
  • Transfer coatings having greater transferability are usually more easily smudged, and coatings having lower smudge properties are usually low in transfer properties. It becomes necessary to balance desirable smudging and transfer properties, one usually at the expense of the other.
  • Another object is to provide a new and improved copy sheet in which the transfer coating has good anti-smudge properties while retaining good transferability.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a transfer sheet according to any of the foregoing objects which can be stacked to a greater height, e.g. 10-20 sheets in a manifold, while still having good transferability and low smudge properties.
  • Yet another object is to provide a new and useful transfer coating composition for use in accordance with any of the foregoing objects which can be applied in a medium without necessity of using volatile organic solvents.
  • each of the copy paper sheets 11 includes a sheet of writing paper 12 which is pressure transmitting with respect to ordinary writing pressure and has a transfer coating 13 on its lower or reverse surface and a receptor coating 14 on its upper or obverse surface.
  • the top cover sheet 15 of the illustrated manifold and the bottom sheet 16 of the manifold can be identical to sheets 11, or the receptor coating 14 and transfer coating 13 can be omitted from sheets 15 and 16 respectively.
  • the transfer sheets of the illustrated manifold 10, as described herein, function as one-time transfer sheets and are not intended for reuse as a reusable carbon paper.
  • the transfer coating 13 is applied in a coatable aqueous liquid form.
  • the water is then removed by vaporization to leave the transfer coating on the surface of the sheet 12.
  • the coating composition includes a watermiscible binder, a normally liquid, water soluble, surface active wetting agent which boils above the boiling point of water so that it is not removed during vaporization of the Water, a pigment and a finely divided filler such as a clay filler, usually kaolin.
  • the pigment is included to impart the desired shade or color to the transfer coating and the filler is for the purpose of bodying the transfer coating, i.e. providing the transfer coating with transfer consistency after evaporation of the water.
  • suitable pigments include titanium dioxide, carbon black, iron blue, phthallocyan blue, napthol red and other normally solid color materials.
  • the composition will usually include a binder and wetting agent in a ratio of from about 2 to about 10 parts by weight of the binder, dry basis, to each 5 to 30 parts by weight of the wetting agent. It is preferred that the total coating composition contain from 2 to 10 weight percent binder and from about 5 to about 30 weight percent wetting agent.
  • the binder may be any water soluble, adhesive material. Specific examples include, but are not limited to, casein, polymeric carbohydrates, protein binders of the natural glue type, and the water soluble synthetic polymeric resins such as polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylethermaleic anhydride resin, methylcellulose, and the like.
  • the wetting agent may be any surface-active wetting agent and functions in combination with the binder to permit release of the transfer coating under writing pressure.
  • the wetting agent may also function as a plasticizer in the film of transfer coating after evaporation of water.
  • the binder and wetting agent are balanced to provide good transfer properties as well as good anti-smudge properties. Increasing the amount of binder or decreasing the amount of wetting agent decreases both transferability and smudging, while decreasing the amount of binder and increasing the amount of wetting agent increases both transferability and smudging.
  • the compositions of this invention can be balanced depending upon the property desired.
  • suitable surface-active wetting agents are those organic water soluble compounds having a structure including an ethylene oxide group, i.e. CH CH O-, and those organic compounds selected from the group consisting of water soluble sulfonates, sulfates, ditertiary acetylenic glycol, and C to C fatty acid salts of N-fatty alkylene diamines.
  • Such wetting agents are well known in the art and are commercially available.
  • the preferred Wetting agents are those including the ethylene oxide group described above, and especially preferred are the ethylene oxide-propylene glycol condensation products such as Pluronics L-44, L-62 and L-64, which are available from Wyandotte Chemicals Corp.
  • the Pluronics are high molecular weight nonionic surfactants prepared by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene alcohol and are conventionally referred to as ethylene oxide-polypropylene glycol condensation products.
  • the binder may not be soluble in the presence of certain wetting agents.
  • Such insolubility is apparently due to a pH imparted to the aqueous solution which is incompatible with retaining the binder in solution or intimate dispersion.
  • the pH of the wetting agent should preferably be above 7 to keep the casein in solution while, when polyvinylalcohol or other binders are used, the pH can be acidic or basic.
  • the ingredients mixed together are not chemically reactive with each other to any extent destroying their functions as binder, wetting agent, filler and pigment; and the compositions all appear to be physical mixtures of the ingredients.
  • Other additives in addition to those materials described above can be used, including water soluble antioxidants, bactericides, fungicides, etc.
  • the entire composition of the coating transfers i.e. the transferred material on the receptor surface will include each ingredient of the original transfer coating generally in the same proportion as before transfer.
  • the binder does not function as a matrix from which a pigment can be carried but actually transfers to the receptor surface and carries the pigment, filler and wetting agent along with it.
  • the coating compositions can be prepared simply by mixing the various ingredients.
  • the wetting agent is added to the pigment at room temperature (between 60 and 70 F.), and the mixture is milled on a high-speed disperser mill while controlling the temperature of the mill to about room temperature.
  • a Lightnin mixer can be used, e.g. where a predispersed pigment is included in the composition and less severe mixing is needed.
  • the clay and a portion of the water are added, preferably with the clay being added before the water.
  • a solution or dispersion e.g.
  • casein binder of the binder in water is then added and, if casein or the like is used, the pH is adjusted with ammonium hydroxide to provide a proper pH for the binder while agitating.
  • casein binder it is preferred to pre-soak the casein in water for a short period of time to solubilize the casein before adding it to the composition. The rest of the water and any preservative or other additive are then added.
  • the prepared aqueous composition is then coated on a paper surf-ace in an amount sufficient to give a layer of the desired thickness.
  • the layer should be of sufficient thickness to provide pigment for transfer of a legible mark, and the upper limit of thickness will generally be limited by economics.
  • a preferred coat Weight is in the range of about 2.3 to about 3.5 lbs./ 3000 sq. ft.
  • the receptor surface 14 should be of a color or shade contrasting with that of the transfer coating so that a legible mark can be transferred.
  • the receptor surface 14 has a thin layer of wax coated thereon.
  • the receptor surface preferably consists of a thin wax layer, and especially preferred is a water-white parafiin wax having a melting point of about 150-155 F.
  • the wax is merely melted and spread by usual wax coating methods.
  • the wax coat weight theoretically need be only molecular thickness, and the thickness should not be so great as to render the sheet incapable of transmitting Writing or printing pressure.
  • a casein paste binder was prepared by adding 15 gms. of casein to gms. of water. The binder was permitted to stand for about 15 to 20 minutes and was adjusted to a pH of 8.0 with ammonium hydroxide. 63 gms. of the casein paste were added to the Water-clay-pigment slurry. gms.
  • Pluronic L-62 (molecular weight of about 2000) were then added to the slurry and mixed in the blender until complete dispersion was attained.
  • the pH of the mixture was adjusted to about 8 during mixing.
  • the resulting composition was coated on a backing surface of a paper sheet and dried and was tested by typewriting on the front surface of the sheet with a second sheet of paper in facial contact with the coated backing surface.
  • the transferred copy made on the second sheet of paper was a sharp blue image and had good smudge resistance.
  • Example II 10 parts by weight of Nycobrilliant carbon black, 5 parts of titanium dioxide and 90 parts of Pluronic L-62 were mixed on a ball mill for a five-minute grind period. 75 parts of Huber 80 clay and 60 parts of water were added to the mill and grinding was continued for 10 more minutes. 6 parts of a casein solution prepared as in Example I (containing 15% casein in distilled water) was prepared by soaking the casein in the distilled water for 45 minutes, agitating and adjusting the pH to 8.5 by addition of ammonium hydroxide, and the resulting casein solution was added to the ball mill and grinding was continued for an additional 5 minutes. 2 parts of water and 5 parts of titanium dioxide were then added and grinding was continued an additional 5 minutes.
  • the pH of the resulting coating material was 7.5 and was again readjusted to 8.5 to 9.0 with ammonium hydroxide.
  • the composition was then coated on a sheet of paper and dried and tested as in Example I and was found to have excellent smudge and release or transfer properties.
  • Such agents can be added any time during the mixing.
  • the procedure of Example II was repeated and, after addition of the second portion of the titanium Example III The procedure of Example II was repeated except that the front surface of the second sheet was precoated with a layer of parafiin wax having a melting point of 150- 155 F. with a coat weight of 2 /2 lbs/3000 sq. ft.
  • the results showed excellent transfer and non-smudge properties of the transfer composition.
  • Example IV Using the procedure of Example I, a coating composition was prepared from the amounts of materials listed below:
  • Example V Using the procedure of Example II, a coating composition was prepared from the amount of ingredients listed below for each of Examples V through X:
  • Example II Additional examples were prepared by the procedure of Example II to screen other surface-active wetting agents by substituting the wetting .agents in approximately the ratios of the following general formulation.
  • XX Tween 80 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate
  • XXI Surfynol TG ditertiary acetylenic glycol
  • Examples XI-XX When tested using the wax coated receptor surface as in Example HI, Examples XI-XX gave excellent transfer and good non-smudge results. Each of Examples XXI- XXVI gave good transfer but in some instances the transferred image tended to smudge. However, attempts were not made to find the optimum amounts for the wetting agents of Examples XII-XXVI. The smudge problem can be lessened or overcome by varying the amount of wetting agent and/ or binder as discussed above.
  • the binders were included as solutions or latexes having from about to about 40% binder in water. One or two percent by weight of the binder is usually considered adequate. Other than in the case of casein, experiments have not been directed to determining the optimum amount of binder.
  • this invention provides a transfer composition which is capable of coating on the reverse side of a sheet of paper and is capable of transferring marks made from the front surface of the paper to another surface backing the transfer coating.
  • the composition provides excellent transfer of a clear image with no appreciable smudging under normal conditions-of use. Sheets coated with the composition can be manifolded to enable production of up to 20 or more copies with good transfer even on the last copy.
  • the composition includes a binder and a su rface-active wetting agent, which are preferably present in proper amounts or proportions for providing the excellent transferability and good non-smudge characteristics.
  • compositions containing binders and surface-active wetting agents have been given, it is not the intent to be bound by the specific examples or their specific proportions since it is apparent that other binders and surface-active wetting agents, even in other proportions, are also operable.
  • a binder and wetting agent for use in the composition the optimum amounts or proportions can readily be determined in the manner exemplified hereinabove.
  • a transfer sheet comprising a pressure transmitting sheet having a mark receiving surface and a backing surface, and a transfer coating on said backing surface, said coating consisting essentially of 2 to 10 parts by weight of a water-soluble adhesive binder selected from the class consisting of protein binders, polymeric carbohydrates and water soluble synthetic polymeric resins, 5 to 30 parts by weight of a normally liquid water soluble, organic, highly surface-active wetting agent which boils above the boiling point of water and which is selected from the group consisting of sulfonate, sulfate, ditertiary acetylenic glycol, a fatty salt of N-fatty alkylene diamine, and nonionic surface-active condensation products of alkylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, a pigment, and a filler of finely divided clay in an amount bodying said composition to transfer consistency.
  • a water-soluble adhesive binder selected from the class consisting of protein binders, polymeric carbohydrates and water soluble synthetic polymeric resins
  • composition of claim 1 wherein said wetting agent is a non-ionic surface-active condensation product of ethyleneoxide with a hydrophobic base.

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US3446647D 1965-10-05 1965-10-05 Transfer coating and paper Expired - Lifetime US3446647A (en)

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US49317165A 1965-10-05 1965-10-05

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3678947A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-07-25 Melvin J Davidson Eyeliner
US3869307A (en) * 1972-10-04 1975-03-04 Sharkey Melvin Receptive copy sheets and process
US3888689A (en) * 1970-10-01 1975-06-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Aqueous printing ink containing perfume-containing microcapsules
US4111704A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-09-05 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Printing paste
US4321093A (en) * 1980-04-04 1982-03-23 The Standard Register Company Moisture-set color developer ink
FR2505346A1 (fr) * 1981-05-09 1982-11-12 Pelikan Ag Matiere polycarbonee pour impression de caracteres d'ecriture
EP0279449A3 (en) * 1987-02-19 1990-04-18 Adger Kogyo Co., Ltd. An ink composition and a pressure sensitive reproducing material

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US627229A (en) * 1899-06-20 Manifqlding-sheet
US2536555A (en) * 1945-07-10 1951-01-02 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Printing ink and method of making the same
US2771373A (en) * 1952-03-27 1956-11-20 Dick Co Ab Stencil duplicating inks
US3186862A (en) * 1959-03-02 1965-06-01 Reuter Walter Pressure-sensitive transfer sheets
US3311489A (en) * 1965-09-24 1967-03-28 Oxford Paper Co Transfer sheet and method of preparing
US3361582A (en) * 1964-01-31 1968-01-02 Brush Tone Corp Base vehicles for water-content printing ink, and water color printing ink made therewith

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US627229A (en) * 1899-06-20 Manifqlding-sheet
US2536555A (en) * 1945-07-10 1951-01-02 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Printing ink and method of making the same
US2771373A (en) * 1952-03-27 1956-11-20 Dick Co Ab Stencil duplicating inks
US3186862A (en) * 1959-03-02 1965-06-01 Reuter Walter Pressure-sensitive transfer sheets
US3361582A (en) * 1964-01-31 1968-01-02 Brush Tone Corp Base vehicles for water-content printing ink, and water color printing ink made therewith
US3311489A (en) * 1965-09-24 1967-03-28 Oxford Paper Co Transfer sheet and method of preparing

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3678947A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-07-25 Melvin J Davidson Eyeliner
US3888689A (en) * 1970-10-01 1975-06-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Aqueous printing ink containing perfume-containing microcapsules
US3869307A (en) * 1972-10-04 1975-03-04 Sharkey Melvin Receptive copy sheets and process
US4111704A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-09-05 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Printing paste
US4321093A (en) * 1980-04-04 1982-03-23 The Standard Register Company Moisture-set color developer ink
FR2505346A1 (fr) * 1981-05-09 1982-11-12 Pelikan Ag Matiere polycarbonee pour impression de caracteres d'ecriture
EP0279449A3 (en) * 1987-02-19 1990-04-18 Adger Kogyo Co., Ltd. An ink composition and a pressure sensitive reproducing material

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Publication number Publication date
BE701058A (OSRAM) 1967-12-18

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