US3446596A - Analytical package and method - Google Patents

Analytical package and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3446596A
US3446596A US445124A US3446596DA US3446596A US 3446596 A US3446596 A US 3446596A US 445124 A US445124 A US 445124A US 3446596D A US3446596D A US 3446596DA US 3446596 A US3446596 A US 3446596A
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Prior art keywords
solution
reagent
container
tube
analytical
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Expired - Lifetime
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US445124A
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English (en)
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Charles J Salivar
John H Stade
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Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
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Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/52—Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper and including single- and multilayer analytical elements
    • G01N33/528—Atypical element structures, e.g. gloves, rods, tampons, toilet paper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
    • C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
    • C12Q1/10—Enterobacteria
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/17—Nitrogen containing
    • Y10T436/173076—Nitrite or nitrate

Definitions

  • a device for detecting specified substances in liquid materials comprises a semi-rigid outer receptacle within which is a tightly closed frangible container for a reagent solution such as u-naph'thylamine and sulfanilic acid stabilized with a reducing substance, such as sodium sulfite.
  • a reagent solution such as u-naph'thylamine and sulfanilic acid stabilized with a reducing substance, such as sodium sulfite.
  • One end of the semi-rigid receptacle is closed with an absorbent plug, for example cotton.
  • the end of the receptacle containing the absorbent plug is moistened with the liquid material to be tested, and the semi-rigid outer receptacle is squeezed to break the inner frangible container and release the reagents.
  • the presence of a specified substance is indicated by the development of color in the absorbent plug.
  • This invention relates to analytical packages and methods of utilizing such packages in the detection of substances by means of chromogenic chemical reactions.
  • the invention is directed to an analytical package containing a reagent solution capable of forming a colored reaction product in the presence of a specified substance, the solution being packaged in such a way as to preserve the reagent against deterioration prior to use, to permit ready liberation of the reagent solution into a reaction zone at the desired time, and to provide a convenient reaction matrix, wherein the reagent solution and a solution suspected of containing the specified substance may be readily contacted when desired.
  • the invention also includes methods of using the' packages of the invention in the examination of solutions suspected of containing such specified substances.
  • the invention further includes novel stabilized reagent compositions for use in the detection of nitrites.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the package 3,446,596 Patented May 27, 1969 of the invention illustrating one embodiment of the invention, .and
  • FIG. 2 is a section taken on line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • the present invention is directed to novel analytical packages adapted to the ready and convenient detection of traces of substances of chemical interest in solution.
  • a solution of a chemical reagent or reagents capable of generating a colored reaction product in the presence of a specified substance is tightly enclosed or sealed in an inner container of the package from which the solution may readily be liberated when desired.
  • the inner container is enclosed within an outer casing, receptacle or container which affords protection for the inner container prior to use but which is adapted to be squeezed to effect rupture of the inner container.
  • the outer container may be a tube, for example, closed at one end and having a wad or plug of porous, preferably absorbent, material in its other end.
  • the wad or plug of porous material is preferably disposed at one end of the tube and functions as a porous stopper, but may be disposed inward of one end of the tube if desired.
  • the end having the porous material disposed therein may be covered with a protective cap to exclude dust and other contaminants.
  • FIG. 1 shows a package of the invention generally designated 1 as comprising an outer container 3 and an inner container 5 enclosed within the outer container.
  • outer container 3 is a tube composed of semi-rigid material and inner container 5 is a sealed capsule or ampul of frangible material.
  • One end of outer container 3 is closed with a stopper 9 which may be removed in assembling the package 1. It will be understood that in place of stopper 9 the end of outer container 3 may be closed by having the end integral with the walls of the container.
  • a plug 11 of porous material which acts as a stopper for container 3 and as a reaction matrix for the chromogenic reaction.
  • At 13 is an optional closure which may, if desired, be used to cover and, protect plug 11.
  • the inner container 5 for the reagent solution is preferably a frangible capsule, as shown in FIG. 1, it will be understood that other types of frangible containers may be employed.
  • the important characteristics of the inner container are (1) that it be tightly closed or sealed so as to prevent evaporation or leakage of the reagent solution and to protect the solution from exposure to air; and (2) that it be readily rupturable or puncturable so as'to permit ready liberation of the reagent solution into the outer container when a test is to be performed.
  • Frangible containers which may be used in the practice of the invention include, for example, thin-walled glass capsules and a stoppered semi-rigid plastic tube designed to permit stopper to pop out when pressure is applied to the walls of the tube as by squeezing the outer container.
  • Outer container 3 is preferably fabricated of a clear, semi-rigid material, such as celluloid, cellulose acetate butyrate or polyethylene, for example, so that the frangible inner container may be readily ruptured or punctured by the application of moderate pressure to the walls of the outer container.
  • a colorless, transparent material is generally advantageous because it permits ready observation of any color changes taking place Within the area of the reaction matrix.
  • the plug 11 of porous material is preferably an inert absorbent material, such as cotton, for example, which will absorb and retain a significant volume of the test liquid or solution.
  • suitable porous materials include rayon, nylon, the polyacrylonitrile synthetic fiber sold under the trademark Orlon, and similar fibers.
  • the reagent solution containing a dissolved reagent or reagents capable of reacting with a substance whose detection is desired, to form a colored reaction product.
  • reagents such as Freundings solution, for example, which consist of two components and which must be freshly prepared shortly before use
  • the separate components of the reagent may be separately enclosed within sealed frangible containers of the type previously described and both containers then enclosed within an outer container as before.
  • the reagent solutions in both containers are released into the outer container and become intermixed.
  • one of the components of the reagent may be enclosed within a sealed container and the other component of the reagent may be absorbed by the plug of porous material and remain thereon in a dried condition.
  • the single sealed container is ruptured as previously described and the solution of the one reagent component released then contacts the porous material and becomes intermixed with the other reagent component carried thereby so that the resulting mixed reagent is capable of generating a colored reaction product in the presence of a specified substance.
  • the substance to be detected may be absorbed by the porous material from the atmosphere and/ or where one of the components of the reagent employed is carried by the porous material, it is important to protect the porous material from contamination. This may be done, for example, by hermetically sealing the package of the invention within a third container or by covering the end of the outer container in which the porous material is disposed with a tight fitting closure or cap.
  • Some chromogenic analytical reactions are preferably carried out at elevated temperatures.
  • the analytical package may be preheated, in an oven for example, for a sufficient time to warm the reagent solution to the desired temperature prior to carrying out the test.
  • the analytical packages of the invention may be utilized in the detection of a number of substances for analytical or diagnostic purposes. For example, the detection of traces of nitrites in various environments is sometimes of importance. Many years ago P. Griess disclosed that u-naphthalyarnine and sulfanilic acid react in the presence of nitrite to form an intensely red reaction product. The application of this color reaction in microbiology and in testing the purity of water supplies is known. Also, it has been introduced into the field of clinical chemistry in the diagnosis of urinary infections. Many organisms causing urinary tract infections produce nitrite from nitrate which is usually present in the urine. Detection of ntirite in the urine, by the Griess reaction, for example, indicates the presence of urinary tract infection due to nitrate-reducing organisms.
  • the ordinary Griess reagent consisting of an acid solution of sulfanilic acid and a-naphthylamine, is known to be rather unstable.
  • the freshly prepared solution is colorless, but on storage it is degraded by light and oxygen, turning pink and eventually depositing a precipitate.
  • the inclusion of traces of certain reducing agents in the Griess reagent solution produces a stabilized solution which has an extended shelf life when stored in a sealed container.
  • the preferred stabilizers are soluble sulfite salts, such as sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and potassium metabisulfite. Also effective, although to a lesser extent, are sulfurous acid, metallic tin (granules) and thioglycolic acid. Between approximately 0.01-1%, preferably 0.1%, weight by volume in solution of one of the above stabilizers is sufficient to produce a stabilizing effect.
  • Component Amount a-Naphthylamine hydrochloride gm 6.75 Sulfanilic acid gm 11.25 Glacial acetic acid ml 300 Sodium sulfite gm 3 Distilled water, qs. 3000 ml.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The package described in Example 1 was used to detect nitrite in the following manner. The dust cap was removed, and the end of the tube containing the cotton plug was dipped into a solution, such as urine, suspected of containing nitrite. The walls of the plastic tube were then squeezed sufficient to break the glass capsule, thereby releasing the Griess reagent to react with the test solution held by the cotton plug. A pink color developed rapidly in the presence of traces of nitrite. As little as 1 microgram of nitrite/ml. solution may be detected. Semiquantitative estimation of nitrite content may be made by comparison with standards.
  • Component Amount u-Naphthylamine hydrochloride gm 6.75 Sulfanilic acid gm 11.25 Glacial acetic acid ml 300 Sodium bisulfite gm 3 Distilled water, qs., 3000 ml.
  • This reagent was stable toward discoloration or precipitation for long periods.
  • novel packages, methods and reagent compositions of the invention have been particularly described with respect to the detection of nitrite using a modification of the Griess test, they are not limited thereto.
  • the following table lists other reagents adapted to incorporation into the novel packages of the invention and the corresponding substances whose detection may be accomplished by the novel methods disclosed herein.
  • Benedicts solution alkaline cupric citrate Reducing sugars.
  • An analytical package for use in the detection of nitrites in liquids by means of a chromogenic chemical reaction, the said package comprising an outer receptacle constituted by a tube closed at one end and having a plug of absorbent material in its other end adapted to be contacted by a nitrite test substance entering the tube through said other end, a sealed frangible capsule enclosed within said tube containing an aqueous solution of cz-naphthylamine and sulfanilic acid stabilized with a small amount of a reducing substance, said tube being formed of transparent, semi-rigid material so as normally to protect said capsule but being adapted to be squeezed so as to effect rupture of said capsule thereby to release said aqueous solution therefrom to contact said cotton plug.
  • aqueous solution contains between approximately 0.01 and 1% weight by volume in solution of a soluble sulfite as a stabilizer.
  • a reagent composition for use in the detection of nitrites comprising an acid solution containing a-naphthylamine, sulfanilic acid and between approximately 0.01 and 1% weight by volume in solution of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of water soluble sulfite salts, sulfurous acid, metallic tin and thioglycolic acid.
  • a reagent composition for use in the detection of nitrites comprising an acid solution containing u-naphthylamine, sulfanilic acid and between approximately 0.01 and 1% weight by volume in solution of a water soluble sulfite salt.
  • a reagent composition for use in the detection of nitrites comprising an acid solution containing a-naphthylamine, sulfanilic acid and between approximately 0.01
  • MORRIS O. WOLK Primary Examiner.
  • E. A. KATZ Assistant Examiner.

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US445124A 1965-04-02 1965-04-02 Analytical package and method Expired - Lifetime US3446596A (en)

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Cited By (49)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3607089A (en) * 1969-09-30 1971-09-21 Dow Chemical Co Miniature reaction vessel
US3713779A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-01-30 J Sirago Disposable comparison detector kit
US3713780A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-01-30 Becton Dickinson Co Apparatus for chemical testing
US3715189A (en) * 1970-06-15 1973-02-06 Secretary Of The Treasury Qualitative analysis device
US3825410A (en) * 1970-05-13 1974-07-23 K Bagshawe Performance of routine chemical reactions in compartmentalized containers
US3868218A (en) * 1971-02-18 1975-02-25 Food Control Methods and devices for automatically activating a chemical process at a given temperature
US3876503A (en) * 1971-10-29 1975-04-08 Frederick C Mennen Method and instrument for the detection of neisseria gonorrheae without culture
US3954564A (en) * 1971-10-29 1976-05-04 Mennen Frederick C Instrument for the detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the like
US3954563A (en) * 1971-10-29 1976-05-04 Mennen Frederick C Apparatus especially useful for detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the like in females
US3986834A (en) * 1975-06-04 1976-10-19 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method for detecting blood urea nitrogen
US4018653A (en) * 1971-10-29 1977-04-19 U.S. Packaging Corporation Instrument for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae without culture
US4023934A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-05-17 Marion Laboratories, Inc. Color indicator apparatus for presence of oxygen
US4078892A (en) * 1975-06-30 1978-03-14 Becton, Dickinson And Company Novel means and method for diagnostic quantitation of serum or plasma bilirubin
FR2390733A1 (fr) * 1977-05-13 1978-12-08 Behringwerke Ag Solution de controle pour la detection, en vue du diagnostic, de substances contenues dans l'urine
US4300910A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-11-17 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Test vial construction and method of measuring gas, vapor and aerosol components in an air sample
US4340670A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-07-20 Mennen Frederick C Method of using over the counter swab kit for self detection of gonorrhea in the male using tetramethyl chromogen ampul
US4355113A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-10-19 Mennen Frederick C Over the counter swab kit for self detection of gonorrhea in the male using saline ampule
US4409182A (en) * 1980-06-23 1983-10-11 Macklem F Sutherland Colorimeter test kit apparatus
US4434235A (en) 1981-01-21 1984-02-28 Ben Gurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority Method and apparatus for detecting nitrite ions in fluids
US4562043A (en) * 1983-09-09 1985-12-31 Mennen Frederick C Self-contained swab cartridge apparatus for detecting occult blood
US4582685A (en) * 1982-10-07 1986-04-15 Helena Laboratories Corporation Test kit for performing a medical test
US4635488A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-01-13 Schleicher & Schuell, Inc. Nonintrusive body fluid samplers and methods of using same
US4647541A (en) * 1982-10-07 1987-03-03 Helena Laboratories Corporation Method for performing an occult blood test
US4769026A (en) * 1986-08-19 1988-09-06 Erbamont, Inc. Method and apparatus for purging a syringe
US5039618A (en) * 1989-02-02 1991-08-13 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab cartridge type device and method for detecting lead and cadmium
US5278075A (en) * 1989-02-02 1994-01-11 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab to detect a substance on a surface and method of making and using same
US5364792A (en) * 1989-02-02 1994-11-15 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab and method of making and using same
US5550061A (en) * 1989-02-02 1996-08-27 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab and method of using same
US6103194A (en) * 1995-09-12 2000-08-15 Jackson; Richard Apparatus for testing items of metal such as jewelry
US6214291B1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2001-04-10 Markegon L.L.C. Paint test apparatus
US20070065944A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-03-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Stabilizing Griess reagent for explosives detection
US20070202009A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2007-08-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Colorimetric chemical analysis sampler for the presence of explosives
WO2008089196A3 (en) * 2007-01-16 2008-10-16 Univ Utah Res Found Nestable sterility-protecting caps for separated connectors
US20090008393A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2009-01-08 Howlett Michael W Nestable sterility-protecting caps with fluid reservoir for separated connectors
US20100047123A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-02-25 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Sterilization caps and systems and associated methods
US20100049170A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-02-25 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Sterilization caps and systems and associated methods
US20110044850A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2011-02-24 Catheter Connections, Inc. Disinfecting caps and systems and associated methods
US20110213341A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-09-01 Catheter Connections, Inc. Disinfecting caps having sealing features and related systems and methods
US20110217212A1 (en) * 2009-10-30 2011-09-08 Catheter Connections, Inc. Disinfecting caps having an extendable feature and related systems and methods
US8197749B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2012-06-12 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Methods for cleaning luer connectors
US8231587B2 (en) 2009-10-30 2012-07-31 Catheter Connections Disinfecting caps for medical male luer connectors
USD695398S1 (en) 2009-10-30 2013-12-10 Catheter Connections, Inc. Cap for use with one or more medical connectors
US10166339B2 (en) 2014-11-24 2019-01-01 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Disinfecting cap for medical connectors
US10213589B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2019-02-26 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Carrier assembly with caps for medical connectors
US10569075B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2020-02-25 Children's Medical Center Corporation Apparatuses for cleaning catheter ports
US10589080B2 (en) 2015-11-16 2020-03-17 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Disinfecting cap for male luers
US10603481B2 (en) 2017-01-27 2020-03-31 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Disinfecting luer cap and method of use
US11058858B2 (en) 2017-10-04 2021-07-13 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Disinfecting cap for valved connectors and method of use
US11628288B1 (en) 2014-07-14 2023-04-18 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Disinfecting cap for needleless injection sites

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US3033655A (en) * 1960-12-07 1962-05-08 Drager Otto H Tube for detecting impurities in air

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3033655A (en) * 1960-12-07 1962-05-08 Drager Otto H Tube for detecting impurities in air

Cited By (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3607089A (en) * 1969-09-30 1971-09-21 Dow Chemical Co Miniature reaction vessel
US3825410A (en) * 1970-05-13 1974-07-23 K Bagshawe Performance of routine chemical reactions in compartmentalized containers
US3715189A (en) * 1970-06-15 1973-02-06 Secretary Of The Treasury Qualitative analysis device
US3713779A (en) * 1970-12-07 1973-01-30 J Sirago Disposable comparison detector kit
US3713780A (en) * 1971-02-01 1973-01-30 Becton Dickinson Co Apparatus for chemical testing
US3868218A (en) * 1971-02-18 1975-02-25 Food Control Methods and devices for automatically activating a chemical process at a given temperature
US3954563A (en) * 1971-10-29 1976-05-04 Mennen Frederick C Apparatus especially useful for detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the like in females
US3954564A (en) * 1971-10-29 1976-05-04 Mennen Frederick C Instrument for the detection of neisseria gonorrhoeae and the like
US3876503A (en) * 1971-10-29 1975-04-08 Frederick C Mennen Method and instrument for the detection of neisseria gonorrheae without culture
US4018653A (en) * 1971-10-29 1977-04-19 U.S. Packaging Corporation Instrument for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae without culture
US3986834A (en) * 1975-06-04 1976-10-19 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method for detecting blood urea nitrogen
US4078892A (en) * 1975-06-30 1978-03-14 Becton, Dickinson And Company Novel means and method for diagnostic quantitation of serum or plasma bilirubin
US4023934A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-05-17 Marion Laboratories, Inc. Color indicator apparatus for presence of oxygen
FR2390733A1 (fr) * 1977-05-13 1978-12-08 Behringwerke Ag Solution de controle pour la detection, en vue du diagnostic, de substances contenues dans l'urine
US4172049A (en) * 1977-05-13 1979-10-23 Behringwerke Aktiengesellschaft Control-solution for diagnostic detection methods for substances contained in the urine
US4300910A (en) * 1979-11-30 1981-11-17 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Test vial construction and method of measuring gas, vapor and aerosol components in an air sample
US4409182A (en) * 1980-06-23 1983-10-11 Macklem F Sutherland Colorimeter test kit apparatus
US4434235A (en) 1981-01-21 1984-02-28 Ben Gurion University Of The Negev Research And Development Authority Method and apparatus for detecting nitrite ions in fluids
US4355113A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-10-19 Mennen Frederick C Over the counter swab kit for self detection of gonorrhea in the male using saline ampule
US4340670A (en) * 1981-06-19 1982-07-20 Mennen Frederick C Method of using over the counter swab kit for self detection of gonorrhea in the male using tetramethyl chromogen ampul
US4582685A (en) * 1982-10-07 1986-04-15 Helena Laboratories Corporation Test kit for performing a medical test
US4647541A (en) * 1982-10-07 1987-03-03 Helena Laboratories Corporation Method for performing an occult blood test
US4562043A (en) * 1983-09-09 1985-12-31 Mennen Frederick C Self-contained swab cartridge apparatus for detecting occult blood
US4635488A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-01-13 Schleicher & Schuell, Inc. Nonintrusive body fluid samplers and methods of using same
US4769026A (en) * 1986-08-19 1988-09-06 Erbamont, Inc. Method and apparatus for purging a syringe
US5039618A (en) * 1989-02-02 1991-08-13 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab cartridge type device and method for detecting lead and cadmium
US5278075A (en) * 1989-02-02 1994-01-11 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab to detect a substance on a surface and method of making and using same
US5330917A (en) * 1989-02-02 1994-07-19 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab device and method of detecting lead, mercury, arsenic, and bismuth
US5364792A (en) * 1989-02-02 1994-11-15 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab and method of making and using same
US5550061A (en) * 1989-02-02 1996-08-27 Hybrivet Systems, Inc. Test swab and method of using same
US6103194A (en) * 1995-09-12 2000-08-15 Jackson; Richard Apparatus for testing items of metal such as jewelry
US6214291B1 (en) * 1998-09-22 2001-04-10 Markegon L.L.C. Paint test apparatus
US20070202009A1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2007-08-30 The Regents Of The University Of California Colorimetric chemical analysis sampler for the presence of explosives
US8765080B1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2014-07-01 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc. Colorimetric chemical analysis sampler for the presence of explosives
US8025856B2 (en) * 2004-11-17 2011-09-27 Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc Colorimetric chemical analysis sampler for the presence of explosives
US20070065944A1 (en) * 2005-08-09 2007-03-22 The Regents Of The University Of California Stabilizing Griess reagent for explosives detection
US20100047123A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2010-02-25 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Sterilization caps and systems and associated methods
US8647308B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2014-02-11 Catheter Connections, Inc. Disinfecting caps for medical male luer connectors
US20110044850A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2011-02-24 Catheter Connections, Inc. Disinfecting caps and systems and associated methods
US10155056B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2018-12-18 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Disinfecting caps for medical male luer connectors
US9809355B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2017-11-07 Merit Medical Systems, Inc. Assembly of medical connector caps
US20090008393A1 (en) * 2007-01-16 2009-01-08 Howlett Michael W Nestable sterility-protecting caps with fluid reservoir for separated connectors
US8172825B2 (en) 2007-01-16 2012-05-08 The University Of Utah Research Foundation Methods for disinfecting medical connectors
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