US344181A - Apparatus for multiplication and other arithmetical processes - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

A E. HALSBY.

APPARATUS EoR MULTIELICATION AND OTHER ARITEMETIGAL PROCESSES.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

lla-hated June 22 PROCESSES.

E. HALSEY.

(No Model.)

APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLIGATION AND OTHER ARITHMETIGAL No. 344,18l

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD IIALsEY, oF sAAT Jose, CALIFORNIA.

APPARATUS FOR MULTIPLICATION AND OTHER ARITHMETICAL PROCESSES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 344,181, dated June 22, 1886.

Serial No. 178,479. (No model.)

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD HALsEY, a citizen of the United States, residing in San Jose, in the county of Santa Clara and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Multiplying and Performing Similar Arithmetieal Calculations; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same and in what manner the machine is used and operated, reference being had by gures and letters to the accompanying drawings.

My invention has for its object to produce a machine for performing arithmetical operations in multiplication, division, and interest; and it consists in a certain construction and combination of parts as hereinafter explained, for operation as set forth.

Referring to the said drawings, Figure 1 is a top view of the machine with all the slides in position ready for use. Fig. 2 is a erosssection. Fig. 3 shows the position of the slides and their numbers in working examples given inthe following description by way of eX- ample. Fig. 4 is a view in full lines of the portion shown in dotted lines at the right hand of Fig. 1.

A represents a board or tablet forming the base of the machine, and B a top plate which covers the face of the board, excepting the portion at one end, where certain indica-ting lines and figures are located. The plate B, while being firmly secured in place, is set clear of the face of the board, to leave a space or way for a number of slides, C C, and this space is divided, by means of the pins d d, into separate ways across the board, in each of which a slide is held and guided. These slides have easy movement in these guides back and forth from the left-hand end of the board, and they are turned up at this end to form the stop and finger-piece C for each slide. At this end also is an index point or line, C, that is used for setting the slide to the required one of the lines of the indicator E on the board in the operation of working an example. The lines of this table E are spaced as shown, and are numbered from 1 to 8, inclusive, beginning at the end nearer the inner edge of the plate E. These numbers are placed at the top and bottom. Each slide is likewise divided by transverse parallel lines into spaces of equal width, and when any number of slides are set to one of the lines of the table E the spaces on the slides will register and be in direct line over one another.

In the top plate, B, are rectangular openings b b, ten in number, each of suitable width to uncover and expose eight of the spaces on the slides, and of such length that such portion is exposed on the whole nine of slides. rl`hese spaces are designated by numbers from 1 to 9, inclusive, the tenth and last opening not being numbered with them, as it is employed for calculating interest, and is not used in eonnection with the table of linesEand the other openings, except in working such examples. Operations in multiplication and division are performed only with the other nine spaces.

Each slide is designated by a number placed at the extreme left along the edge of the plate B, beginning with No. 1 for the lowest slide and ending with No. 9 at the top one.

In the machine described the table E and the spaces appropriated to each opening b,one arranged to perform operation in figures covering eight places or to the ten millions place,the extremeright-hand line in tableEand the extreme right-hand space of each slide in each ofthe openings b being units, the next one tens, and so on to the eight places. The slides are numbered in these spacesin the following manner: The unit-spaces on the first or lowest slide seen at the extreme right throughout the whole number of nine spaces b, show the several products obtained by multiplying the number of the slide by the number designating the opening. Thus in opening lis seen the number l on the tirst slide, on opening2 the number 2, in opening-3 thenumber 3, and so on, being the products of the slide-number multiplied by the openinghumber. In the same manner slide No; 2 is provided with the numerals 2 4L 6 S 10 12 11 1U 18, exhibited in the openings b, from left to right, slide 3 with the numerals 3 6 9 12 15 1S 2l 2i 27, and in the same manner throughout the remaining six slides. rlhe position of these slide-numerals is in a vertical column along the righthand edge of each opening b, when the points C3 of all the slides are set to register with line lOO 833333; on slide 4, vthe figures 111111; onslide 5, the figures 1388888, and the remaining slides carrying the following figures respectively: slide 6, the figures 1666666; slide 7, the figures 1944444; slide 8, the figures 2222222; slide 9, the figures 2499999. These figures may, when l properly pointed, represent the interest for one day on the number of dollars represented by i the slide-number at one per cent. per year of three hundred and `sixty days. The space luncovered by the opening VbX is divided intotwo parts -by thread or wire fg, stretched perpendicularly across it, and which markslthe ydivision between dollars and cents in the row Iof figures on each slide in the various-operations performed wfhere this space is employed.

The ope-ration of the machine 1in Vmulti plying figures will be understood by Aperforming the following example:

the sixth place or to hundreds of thousands,

and therst figure to be multiplied is 2, the i slide corresponding to that number is drawn out to .the hundredthousands place, yor unti-l'f its poi-nts C3 register with .line-Got the table! E, the first lslide -is drawn Vo'utto the --fth place f or line 5, the next slide set to the fourth: place, the third slide to :the-third place, .the seventh slide to the second place, and the. fifth to the first orunits place on the table' E. Then .from .the openings 3, 4, and .9 iin. succession are takien the sums :that will beu obtained by adding up the-several -colunrnsfofil gures exposed, the num-bers of t-heopeningsy thustaken being those of the multipliergivem i and .resulting sums will be as follows: from4 openingSthe sum 658125, which results from the addition of several figures:

j 76561875 Y gives the product required..

tion of Ytheigures seen -in the-openings b the sum that can be found thenearest to the dividend, taken asy many figures thereof as the divisor is found to be contained in it, and the number of the opening in which this sum is found will be the first figure for the quotient. This sum being subtracted and a new dividend formed in the usual manner, the openings b are again examined to obtain in one of them the sum nearest to that of the new dividend, and when found the number of the opening b shows the second figure of the quotient, and so on until the example is finished.

The method of calculating interest by means ofthe machine is based on the principle of lfinding the amount which in one day at one per cent. per year will produce the same amount of interest as a given sum at a given rate for a given time will produce, and then .by setting the slides to the lines-ot' `the table E :according to the sum vascertained the given interest will =be the sum ofthe figures exposed to view in the last openings bx.

those on the right are cents Aand decimal parts. l

The vfollowing example in simple interest y ,will .illustrate the kmode lof operation to Vfind N ow, as `the multiplicand contains tigures vto l the interest on $625 at three per cent. for three months, twenty-seven days. This will be equal to $18.75 at one per cent. for the .same time, or one hundred and'seventeen days;

or $18.75 117 will be the interest at one per cent. for one day von $219,375. Having set the yslides from v-6 Vto 1 inclusive to register withthe lines 2 1 9 3 7 5, respectively, on the table E, the following .figures 'will be rexposed .in the opening lb".

i fest on $625.00 for :the given time.

Having 'thus fully described my invention,

whatI claim, and desire vto secure by Letters i Patent. is-

1. The combination of thefra'me composed f fof -the board A and top plate, B, the former Y Y ihaving the f'tableof lines and numbers E, .and from the-opening 4 the sum 87.7 500, ifi-om the g opening 9the sufm 1974375, which beingadded E las follows the latter provided with 'the openings b b, each designated by number, and the numbered g slides C C, having their surfaces spaced :and marked with figures, which are obtained by multiplying lthe `nuxnberof the slide successively by the several `numerals designating the openings and placing the product in such opening, substantially as described, for operas tion as set forth.

rBhe'operation-rot' division yis simply the freverse fof that Vrequired in multiplying, ythe slides being set in the same manner with `reference-to the lines of the table E `to gi-vethe. figures of the division,'and then by examinaf 2. In a machine/ofthe characterdescribed, the numbered slides C C, having their faces divided vby spaced lines, Ainto ythe spaces `ot' which are placed numbers vthat are obtained byfmultiplying the designating number ofthe slide bythe numerals froml 1 to l9,inclusive,in

The figures -shown to the left of Athe lineg are dollars, and

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succession for operation with reference to a theinterest at one percent. for one day on from plate, as B, having openings b, equal in numone to nine dollars, inclusive, and the table E ber to the numerals taken for multipliers, as at the opposite end, for operation as set forth.

set forth. In testimony that I claim the foregoing I 5 3. The combination 0f the plate B, having have hereunto set my hand and seal.

opening bx, with the line-wire g of the slide C C, numbered from l t0 9, inclusive, and I EDVARD HALSEY [L' s] adapted to be moved .back and forth beneath fitnessesz said opening, and having on the end portion C. W. M. SMITH, Io beneath said plate numbers which represent CHAs. E. KELLY.

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