US3441223A - Nozzle - Google Patents

Nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3441223A
US3441223A US621692A US3441223DA US3441223A US 3441223 A US3441223 A US 3441223A US 621692 A US621692 A US 621692A US 3441223D A US3441223D A US 3441223DA US 3441223 A US3441223 A US 3441223A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
diaphragm
fuel
flow
orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US621692A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dominic J Lapera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Parker Hannifin Corp
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Parker Hannifin Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3441223A publication Critical patent/US3441223A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3006—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the controlling element being actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3468—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with means for controlling the flow of liquid entering or leaving the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3473—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with means for controlling the flow of liquid entering or leaving the swirl chamber in response to liquid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3478—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet the liquid flowing at least two different courses before reaching the swirl chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally as indicated to a nozzle and more particularly to an augmented simplex nozzle i.e., a simplex nozzle having a variable area valve upstream of the single discharge orifice to augment the discharge from the nozzle orifice.
  • the presence of contaminants in the fuel may be a problem in spray bar nozzles, for example, because the fuel manifold comprises a hollow ring to which individual nozzle mounts are welded and thus it may be quite difficult and expensive to attempt to thoroughly clean out all traces of welding slag, metal slivers, and like contaminants and, of course, it is not practically feasible to attempt to install fine filters in the respective nozzle to refilter and previously filtered fuel.
  • the invention comprises the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description and the annexed drawing setting forth in detail a certain illustrative embodiment of the invention, this being indicative, however, of but one of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary elevation view showing a nozzle embodying the present invention attached to a nozzle mount of a fuel manifold or spray bar;
  • FIG. 2 is a much enlarged radial cross-section view taken substantially along the line 2-2, FIG. 1, illustrating the interior construction of a preferred form of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-section view along line 3-3, FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a typical pressure vs. flow curve of a nozzle according to the present invention.
  • the fuel injection nozzle 1 comprises a body or connector 2, which has a threaded connection with the nozzle mount 3 of the spray bar 4, a lock ring 5 being interposed between the mount 3 and the connector 2.
  • the connector 2 has a fuel passage 6 in which is located a course screen 7 to screen out, for example, particles over 0.007" size.
  • a nozzle cap 8 Screwed onto the connector 2 is a nozzle cap 8 between which and the end of the connector 2, is clamped an orifice plate 9, a thin metallic diaphragm 10, and a spacer 11, the peripheral supporting flange of the screen 7 being disposed in a counterbore in the spacer 11.
  • the annular rib 20 between such annular groove 19 and a recess 21 in the inner face of said orifice plate 9 is provided with tangential swirl slots 23, for example, two slots, which impart a whirling motion to the fuel as it passes into the periphery of the vortex chamber constituted by the recess 21.
  • tangential swirl slots 23 for example, two slots, which impart a whirling motion to the fuel as it passes into the periphery of the vortex chamber constituted by the recess 21.
  • the fuel enters the inner annular groove 17 through the holes 14, and as the fuel pressure builds up to a predetermined value it will flex the diaphragm 10 away from the seat 27 to thus provide a variable area orifice as required for higher pressures and higher rates of flow.
  • the seat 27 is constituted by a central axial projection from the spacer 11 and is of frusto-conical form with the inner edge of the diaphragm opening 28 making line contact with the beveled side of such seat adjacent the flat end thereof for predictable and accurate results as to when the diaphragm begins to permit supplemental flow and also to provide aprogressively increasing supplemental flow as the pressure increases.
  • the diameter of seat 27 is only slightly larger than the opening 28 which lessens the possibility of wedging of the contaminants that pass the screen 7.
  • the larger spin chamber 21 diameter in the present construction makes it possible to provide an inlet feed hole 29 which is about twice the diameter, i.e., .12 to .13" vs. .062" to .070".
  • the exit orifice 25 was of .028" to 0.30" diameter (Ms to of the spin chamber diameter) while in the known construction the exit orifice was of .040 to .041" diameter (nearly /2 of the spin chamber diameter).
  • each of the two swirl slots 23 were of .0075" x .0075" cross-section size, i.e., a swirl slot area herein is about 7 /2 times larger than in the previous known construction.
  • the nozzle 1 herein also results in a considerable improve- 3 ment in spray quality.
  • the fuel spray at pressures up to about 200 psi. are in the fine mist category which becomes a jet type flow as the pressure approaches 650 psi.
  • the combination of jet and swirl type flow was observed but this is quite common for this type of nozzle generally.
  • the edge of the opening 28 of the diaphragm has a line contact around the seat 27 and, therefore, each of the nozzles 1 around the spray bar will have uniform flow characteristics since it is possible to accurately control the thickness and physical properties of the several diaphragms 10 and the initial deflection in the installed positions whereby the nozzles 1 will be effective to spray uniform quantities of fuel into the combustion chamber at progressively increasing pressures.
  • the seat 27 diameter is only slightly larger in diameter than the diaphragm opening 28 contaminants are unlikely to become wedged between the seat 27 and the diaphragm 10, and those that are so wedged would not materially affect the total flow at high pressures because of the relatively large diameter of the opening 28 (.08" diameter, for example).
  • FIG. 4 shows a flow vs. pressure specification which has been met by the present nozzle 1 despite the great increase in swirl slot 23 size, i.e., .0015" x .005 entering an .085" diameter spin chamber to .0075" x .0075 entering a .195 diameter spin chamber.
  • variable area annular orifice between seat 27 and diaphragm opening 28 maintains a constant increase in total flow as the pressure increases. Also, the flow from the annular orifice is directed toward the center of the base of the conical portion 24 of the spin chamber where the fuelhas already attained high spin velocity, thus to promote continued good atomization as the total flow increases.
  • a fuel spray nozzle comprising a connector having a fuel passage therethrough; a tubular nozzle cap secured to one end of said connector; an orifice plate, a flexible diaphragm, and a spacer clamped between said connector and cap; said diaphragm having a central opening thereof radially spaced from said opening thus clamped between said plate and spacer; said spacer having a central axial projection providing a seat against which the inner edge of said diaphragm opening is seated; said plate having a central discharge orifice axially spaced from said diaphragm and said projection and defining wtih said diaphragm a vortex chamber whose peripheral wall is intersected by nonradial spin slots; said spacer and plate having a passage communicating with said connector passage for fuel flow through said spin slots into said vortex chamber to impart a whirling motion to the fuel for emergence from said orifice in the form of a hollow conical spray; said spacer also having a passage communicating wtih
  • a spray nozzle comprising a nozzle body assembly defining therein a liquid passage which includes a vortex chamber having spin slots leading thereinto and having a discharge orifice from which the whirling liquid emeries as a hollow conical spray; a variable area valve in said assembly inwardly adjacent said vortex chamber comprising a flexible diaphragm having a central opening coaxial with said discharge orifice, and a seat engaged by the edge of said diaphragm opening; said diaphragm being flexed away from said seat upon predetermined increase in liquid pressure behind said diaphragm to form an annular orifice for flow of liquid into said vortex chamber to augment the flow entering the vortex chamber through said spin slots, one side of said diaphragm and said seat constituting a wall of said vortex chamber axially inwardly spaced from said discharge orifice, and the V i other side of said diaphragm being exposed to pressure of liquidinsaid liquid passage.
  • the spray nozzle of claim 10 wherein the outer face of said spacer has an outer annular groove communicating said liquid passage with an annular groove in said orifice plate, said annular groove in said orifice plate being in communication with said vortex chamber through said spin slots, and an inner annular groove in the outer face of said spacer surrounding said central projection in communication with said liquid passage for flow of fuel through said central opening in said diaphragm upon flexing of said diaphragm away from said seat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
US621692A 1967-03-08 1967-03-08 Nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3441223A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US62169267A 1967-03-08 1967-03-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3441223A true US3441223A (en) 1969-04-29

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US621692A Expired - Lifetime US3441223A (en) 1967-03-08 1967-03-08 Nozzle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3441223A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE711780A (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE1601957A1 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1185252A (en, 2012)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3993246A (en) * 1975-06-19 1976-11-23 Erb Elisha Nebulizer and method
US4018387A (en) * 1975-06-19 1977-04-19 Erb Elisha Nebulizer
EP0024670A3 (en) * 1979-09-04 1981-03-25 Dan Bron A self-regulating nozzle for a supply line
WO1996021517A1 (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-07-18 Spraying Systems Co. Apparatus for spraying and atomizing liquid
US5868321A (en) * 1995-01-10 1999-02-09 Spraying Systems Co. Enhanced efficiency atomizing and spray nozzle
WO1999019670A3 (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-06-24 Siemens Westinghouse Power FUEL NOZZLE ASSEMBLY FOR A LOW NOx COMBUSTOR
US6354085B1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2002-03-12 General Electric Company Fuel injector with a fuel filter arrangement for a gas turbine engine
US20040050055A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Spraying Systems, Co. Gas turbine power augmenting spray nozzle assembly
EP1621253A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-01 Stork Veco B.V. Dispersion plate for dispersing a fluid, method for producing a dispersion plate and use of a dispersion plate
WO2007017319A1 (de) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh Düse für sprühkopf
US20070235564A1 (en) * 2002-02-13 2007-10-11 Frank Whittaker Spray nozzle
US8579213B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2013-11-12 Delavan Inc. Single circuit multiple spray cone pressure atomizers
US20130341423A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-12-26 Supersnow Spolka Z O.O. Spolka Komandytow A Nozzle for spraying liquid, especially water in a snow production cannon
CN104028396A (zh) * 2014-06-09 2014-09-10 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳发动机设计研究所 一种大流量喷雾器装置
CN108495715A (zh) * 2016-02-05 2018-09-04 奥特德斯德哥尔摩股份有限公司 可安装在水龙头上的节水喷嘴
WO2019241067A1 (en) * 2018-06-15 2019-12-19 Veeco Precision Surface Processing Llc High pressure spray head
US10961967B1 (en) 2017-12-12 2021-03-30 Microfabrica Inc. Fuel injector systems, fuel injectors, fuel injector nozzles, and methods for making fuel injector nozzles

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4638636A (en) * 1984-06-28 1987-01-27 General Electric Company Fuel nozzle

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US465013A (en) * 1891-12-15 Francois fernand bourdil
FR909736A (fr) * 1943-04-10 1946-05-16 Audi Ag Tuyère d'injection en particulier pour moteurs à combustion interne
US2805891A (en) * 1954-04-05 1957-09-10 Mcculloch Motors Corp Fluid spray nozzle
US2893647A (en) * 1957-05-06 1959-07-07 Gen Motors Corp Adjustable fuel nozzle
US2965311A (en) * 1958-07-09 1960-12-20 Lucas Industries Ltd Liquid fuel spraying nozzles
US3013731A (en) * 1958-08-06 1961-12-19 Rolls Royce Fuel injectors for gas turbine engines

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US465013A (en) * 1891-12-15 Francois fernand bourdil
FR909736A (fr) * 1943-04-10 1946-05-16 Audi Ag Tuyère d'injection en particulier pour moteurs à combustion interne
US2805891A (en) * 1954-04-05 1957-09-10 Mcculloch Motors Corp Fluid spray nozzle
US2893647A (en) * 1957-05-06 1959-07-07 Gen Motors Corp Adjustable fuel nozzle
US2965311A (en) * 1958-07-09 1960-12-20 Lucas Industries Ltd Liquid fuel spraying nozzles
US3013731A (en) * 1958-08-06 1961-12-19 Rolls Royce Fuel injectors for gas turbine engines

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3993246A (en) * 1975-06-19 1976-11-23 Erb Elisha Nebulizer and method
US4018387A (en) * 1975-06-19 1977-04-19 Erb Elisha Nebulizer
EP0024670A3 (en) * 1979-09-04 1981-03-25 Dan Bron A self-regulating nozzle for a supply line
WO1996021517A1 (en) * 1995-01-10 1996-07-18 Spraying Systems Co. Apparatus for spraying and atomizing liquid
US5868321A (en) * 1995-01-10 1999-02-09 Spraying Systems Co. Enhanced efficiency atomizing and spray nozzle
WO1999019670A3 (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-06-24 Siemens Westinghouse Power FUEL NOZZLE ASSEMBLY FOR A LOW NOx COMBUSTOR
US6354085B1 (en) * 2000-01-13 2002-03-12 General Electric Company Fuel injector with a fuel filter arrangement for a gas turbine engine
US20070235564A1 (en) * 2002-02-13 2007-10-11 Frank Whittaker Spray nozzle
US7611079B2 (en) * 2002-02-13 2009-11-03 Delavan Limited Spray nozzle
US20040050055A1 (en) * 2002-09-13 2004-03-18 Spraying Systems, Co. Gas turbine power augmenting spray nozzle assembly
NL1026752C2 (nl) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-02 Stork Veco Bv Vernevelplaat voor het vernevelen van een fluïdum, werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een vernevelplaat en toepassing van een vernevelplaat.
US20060022070A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-02 Stork Veco B.V. Dispersion plate for dispersing a fluid, method for producing a dispersion plate and use of a dispersion plate
US7487926B2 (en) 2004-07-30 2009-02-10 Stork Veco B.V. Dispersion plate for dispersing a fluid, method for producing a dispersion plate and use of a dispersion plate
EP1621253A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-01 Stork Veco B.V. Dispersion plate for dispersing a fluid, method for producing a dispersion plate and use of a dispersion plate
WO2007017319A1 (de) * 2005-08-11 2007-02-15 Kraussmaffei Technologies Gmbh Düse für sprühkopf
CN101237940B (zh) * 2005-08-11 2010-11-17 克劳斯玛菲科技有限公司 具有喷雾头喷嘴的聚氨酯-混合头及其喷雾头喷嘴的应用
US9091472B2 (en) * 2012-01-13 2015-07-28 Supersnow Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia, Spolka Komandytowa Nozzle for spraying liquid, especially water in a snow production cannon
US20130341423A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-12-26 Supersnow Spolka Z O.O. Spolka Komandytow A Nozzle for spraying liquid, especially water in a snow production cannon
US8579213B2 (en) 2012-02-27 2013-11-12 Delavan Inc. Single circuit multiple spray cone pressure atomizers
CN104028396A (zh) * 2014-06-09 2014-09-10 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳发动机设计研究所 一种大流量喷雾器装置
CN104028396B (zh) * 2014-06-09 2017-01-25 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳发动机设计研究所 一种大流量喷雾器装置
CN108495715A (zh) * 2016-02-05 2018-09-04 奥特德斯德哥尔摩股份有限公司 可安装在水龙头上的节水喷嘴
CN108495715B (zh) * 2016-02-05 2021-06-01 奥特德斯德哥尔摩股份有限公司 可安装在水龙头上的节水喷嘴
US10961967B1 (en) 2017-12-12 2021-03-30 Microfabrica Inc. Fuel injector systems, fuel injectors, fuel injector nozzles, and methods for making fuel injector nozzles
WO2019241067A1 (en) * 2018-06-15 2019-12-19 Veeco Precision Surface Processing Llc High pressure spray head
US11420223B2 (en) 2018-06-15 2022-08-23 Veeco Instruments Inc. High pressure spray head

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1185252A (en) 1970-03-25
DE1601957A1 (de) 1971-03-04
BE711780A (en, 2012) 1968-09-09

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