US3441081A - Vapour cooled discharge tube arrangements - Google Patents
Vapour cooled discharge tube arrangements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3441081A US3441081A US609039A US3441081DA US3441081A US 3441081 A US3441081 A US 3441081A US 609039 A US609039 A US 609039A US 3441081D A US3441081D A US 3441081DA US 3441081 A US3441081 A US 3441081A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vapour
- boiler
- liquid
- exit pipe
- tube
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/02—Details
- H01J17/28—Cooling arrangements
Definitions
- vapour cooled tube is meant a tube in which cooling is effected by utilising heat generated thereby to boil a liquid into a vapour, a major part of the cooling thus occurring due to latent heat.
- the liquid is water and the vapour is steam but the invention is not limited to its application to steam cooled tubes since, as will be ap parent, it is applicable to all tubes in which a major part of the cooling is effected by virtue of the latent heat required to boil a liquid into a vapour.
- the invention relates to vapour cooled tube arrangements of the kind in which a tube has a heated structural part thereof provided with cooling channels, for example open ended internal passages or open groove like channels, and said part is in use, immersed for the major portion of its length in liquid (usually water) in a chamber (usually called the boiler) so that liquid in said cooling channels is evaporated to vapour (steam, in the case of water) ejected from said channels, and drawn off from the boiler through an exit pipe for condensation and subsequent return to the boiler.
- the boiler may be part of the general tube structure, boiler and tube being manufactured to constitute a single unit, or the boiler may be a separate item adapted to receive a tube.
- the heated structural part provided with open ended internal passages in which liquid is evaporated to vapour is usually an anode and since the anode of a tube is normally operated at a high electrical potential, the pipe from the boiler is usually made of insulation, commonly glass. In most cases the vapour is drawn off through an exit pipe leading from the top of the boiler but in others the vapour flows out into a separate chamber at the side of the boiler and is thence drawn off through an insulating exit pipe leading from said chamber.
- a tube anode which is commonly a heavy cylindrical copper structure forming part of the evacuated envelope of the tube, is provided with cooling channels. These may be in the form of grooves though they are preferably constituted by open-ended internal circularly sectioned bores extending parallel to the axis of the tube and arranged in a ring round said axis.
- the said anode is mounted with the axis of the tube vertical in a surrounding boiler which is filled with liquid up to a level a little below that of the tops of the bores (assuming this type of cooling channel to be employed) and is provided with a liquid inlet near the bottom of the boiler.
- An exit pipe usually of glass, for taking off vapour is either fitted to the top of the boiler, or to a separate chamber alongside the boiler and into which vapour from the boiler flows. Vapour generated is drawn off through the exit pipe, cooled and condensed back to liquid, and returned to the boiler inlet pipe, the vapour circulation system being sealed from atmosphere so that the same vapour is used over and over again.
- vapour cooled tube arrangement of the kind referred to is provided in the paths of vapour and liquid ejected from the cooling channels of the heated structural part of the tube to the vapour exit pipe, with means for imparting a rotary or swirling motion to the liquid carried with said vapour whereby at least a substantial portion of the liquid is deflected outwards away from the mouth of said exit pipe.
- the cooling channels are constituted by internal open-ended passages in the heated structural part of the tube and the means for imparting swirling or rotary motion are situated between the liquid and vapour ejection ends of said passages and the exit pipe.
- the exit pipe leads from the top of the boiler.
- the means for imparting rotary or swirling motion comprise a ring member which is mounted in the paths of ejected liquid and vapour from the heated structural part towards the exit pipe and is provided with angularly arranged deflector teeth or vanes against which ejected material impinges to change its direction in the required manner.
- the said teeth or vanes may conveniently be triangular in shape and lie in planes at suitable anglesabout 45 say--to the direct lines of trajectory of the liquid and vapour.
- the ring member is attached to and encircles the 3 upper end of the heated part of the tube structure, though it may be mounted in other ways or in other positions.
- a gutter is provided round the mouth of the exit pipe to collect liquid from the interior wall of the exit pipe, said gutter having a return pipe leading back to near, and preferably below, the normal liquid level in the boiler.
- An additional liquid separator consisting of a perforated cylinder may be fitted in the mouth of the exit pipe.
- vanes which may be curved, may be arranged in a ring round the axis of and near the entrance to the exit pipe said vanes being inclined with respect to radial directions so as to impart added swirling or rotary motion to liquid and vapour on its way to the exit pipe.
- an open-ended perforated baffle cylinder of diameter somewhat less than the internal diameter of the boiler, may be provided to extend over the upper part of the boiler from near the liquid level thereof in order to trap liquid flung outwards through the perforations into the space between said cylinder and the boiler wall and return said liquid to the main body of liquid in the boiler.
- FIGURE 1 is a simplified broken away view, partly in section, of a steam cooled tetrode tube arrangement in which the boiler is formed as a structural part of the tube, the tube anode being shown in section;
- FIGURE 2 is a perspective view to a larger scale showing the swirl ring 10 of FIGURE 1;
- FIGURE 3 is a broken away view looking up into the top of the boiler, showing the additional swirl vanes 16 of FIGURE 1.
- the anode 1 is the anode structure of a known steam cooled tube--e.g. a tetrode.
- the internal construction and electrodes other than the anode of the tube forrn no part of this invention and, being of any well known design, are not shown.
- the anode 1 has cylindrical open ended bores 2 arranged in a ring round the tube axis. The upper end of the anode is closed over, vacuum tight, in the usual way, 3 being the sealed off exhaust tail under the protecting cover 4.
- the anode forms part of the evacuated envelope of the tube as does the ceramic cylindrical part 5 (shown broken away), and part of a flange member 6.
- a boiler shell 7 which enclosed the anode.
- the shell has a water inlet pipe 8 in its lower part and, centrally at the top, is fitted a glass exit pipe 9 for steam,
- the boiler is partly filled with water, the normal Water level, when the tube is in operation, being indicated by the line W.
- the lower ends of the bores 2 are near the bottom of the boiler in a position to admit free entry of water and the upper ends of said bores are a little above the normal water level W.
- water is boiled in the bores 2, steam and water are ejected from their upper ends, and steam passes out through the exit pipe to be condensed by a condenser (not shown) and returned to the inlet pipe 8.
- FIGURE 2 A suitable construction for the swirling ring 10 is best shown in the perspective view of FIGURE 2 which is to a larger scale than FIGURE 1. It is believed that centrifugal separation between water and steam occurs due to the action of the swirl ring 10. Whether this be the correct theory of operation or not, experiment shows that a large proportion of the water which would otherwise pass more or less directly into the mouth of the exit pipe is deflected outwards towards the boiler wall. In practical experiment with a particular apparatus as so far described it was found that the tube power which could be sustained before serious obstruction occurred in the exit pipe and serious depression of the water level occurred was approximately doubled by fitting the swirl ring 10,
- the swirl ring need not be in the position shown nor need it be carried by the anode. It could be carried by the boiler shell.
- FIG. 1 shows a number of minor improvements any or all of which can be provided if required.
- One consists of a separator in the form of an open-ended perforated cylinder 12 of smaller diameter than the exit pipe and fitted in the mouth thereof to leave a space 13 between itself and the exit pipe.
- Steam entering the exit pipe will be swirling and accordingly any water carried by it will be thrown out by centrifugal force.
- Such water thrown through the perforations of the separator 12 into the space 13 will be shielded from the steam and can run back via a gutter 14 which constitutes another improvement.
- This gutter 14 is fitted under the top of the boiler shell round the exit pipe to collect water running down from the inside wall of the exit pipe.
- a third improvement consists of a number of swirl vanes 16 fitted under the top of the boiler-as shown to the underside of the gutter 14. These are shaped and positioned to provide additional swirling or rotary motion to water and steam which has passed the swirl ring 10.
- the vanes are angularly disposed to the radii and may be curved, rather like turbine blades, as shown in FIGURE 3.
- the last minor improvement consists of a perforated open ended axially positioned cylinder 17 spaced from the inner wall of the boiler and extending over the upper part thereof. The purpose of this cylinder is to trap waterwhich has been thrown through its perforations and return it down the cylinder-boiler space to the main water reservoir.
- the invention is, of course, not limited to its application to vapour cooled tetrodes but is applicable to vapour cooled discharge tubes generally.
- a vapour cooled tube arrangement of the type including a boiler for containing liquid coolant therein and having an exit pipe connected to the boiler, and a structural tube part within the boiler for immersion of a major portion of the length of said part in the liquid coolant; said structural part defining discrete cooling channels along a portion of the length of the part, said channels defining first opening means at one end thereof for admitting coolant liquid and second opening means at the further end thereof for emitting vapour in jets therefrom and means aligned with the path of vapour emitted from said channels for imparting a rotary or swirling motion to the liquid carried with the emitted vapour, said means for imparting rotary or swirling motion including a number of deflector teeth lying in the path of the emitted vapour and inclined relative to the path of emitted vapour from said channels for deflecting the liquid carried with emitted vapour outwardly away from the mouth of said exit pipe.
- cooling channels are constituted by internal open-ended passages in the heated structural part of the tube and the means for imparting swirling or rotary motions are situated between the liquid and vapour ejection ends of said passages and the exit pipe.
- the means for imparting rotary or swirling motion comprise a ring member which is mounted in the paths of ejected liquid and vapour from the heated structural part towards the exit pipe, said ring member being provided with said deflector teeth against which ejected material irn; pinges to change its direction.
- vanes are arranged in a ring round the axis of and near the entrance to the exit pipe said vanes being 6 inclined with respect to radial directions so as to impart added swirling or rotary motion to liquid and vapour on its way to the exit pipe.
Landscapes
- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB6595/66A GB1156743A (en) | 1966-02-15 | 1966-02-15 | Improvements in or relating to Vapour Cooled Electronic Discharge Tube Arrangements. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3441081A true US3441081A (en) | 1969-04-29 |
Family
ID=9817336
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US609039A Expired - Lifetime US3441081A (en) | 1966-02-15 | 1967-01-13 | Vapour cooled discharge tube arrangements |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3441081A (de) |
CH (1) | CH456778A (de) |
DE (1) | DE1589714B1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR1511786A (de) |
GB (1) | GB1156743A (de) |
NL (1) | NL141024B (de) |
SE (1) | SE323152B (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4223723A (en) * | 1978-01-12 | 1980-09-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Heat transfer in boiling liquified gas |
US20090230214A1 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2009-09-17 | Medmix System Ag | Dispensing Device with a Spray Assembly |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2160619A (en) * | 1935-02-27 | 1939-05-30 | Gen Electric | Mercury boiler |
US2969957A (en) * | 1956-01-10 | 1961-01-31 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Electric discharge device cooling systems |
US3289022A (en) * | 1963-09-07 | 1966-11-29 | Telefunken Patent | Electric discharge tube equipped with anode cooled by the boiling cooling principle |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1069788B (de) * | 1959-11-26 | |||
DE1070300B (de) * | 1959-12-03 | |||
DE976958C (de) * | 1954-06-06 | 1964-09-03 | Telefunken Patent | Mit Siedekuehlung arbeitende elektrische Entladungsroehre und Einrichtung zur Siedekuehlung |
DE1026004B (de) * | 1955-01-18 | 1958-03-13 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Vorrichtung zur Kuehlung von Elektronenroehren mit aussenliegender Anode durch Fluessigkeitsverdampfung |
-
1966
- 1966-02-15 GB GB6595/66A patent/GB1156743A/en not_active Expired
-
1967
- 1967-01-13 US US609039A patent/US3441081A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-02-08 NL NL676701878A patent/NL141024B/xx unknown
- 1967-02-08 FR FR94161A patent/FR1511786A/fr not_active Expired
- 1967-02-10 CH CH198967A patent/CH456778A/fr unknown
- 1967-02-14 SE SE2070/67A patent/SE323152B/xx unknown
- 1967-02-15 DE DE19671589714 patent/DE1589714B1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2160619A (en) * | 1935-02-27 | 1939-05-30 | Gen Electric | Mercury boiler |
US2969957A (en) * | 1956-01-10 | 1961-01-31 | Thomson Houston Comp Francaise | Electric discharge device cooling systems |
US3289022A (en) * | 1963-09-07 | 1966-11-29 | Telefunken Patent | Electric discharge tube equipped with anode cooled by the boiling cooling principle |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4223723A (en) * | 1978-01-12 | 1980-09-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Heat transfer in boiling liquified gas |
US20090230214A1 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2009-09-17 | Medmix System Ag | Dispensing Device with a Spray Assembly |
US9480543B2 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2016-11-01 | Medmix Systems Ag | Dispensing device with a spray assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6701878A (de) | 1967-08-16 |
CH456778A (fr) | 1968-07-31 |
GB1156743A (en) | 1969-07-02 |
NL141024B (nl) | 1974-01-15 |
FR1511786A (fr) | 1968-02-02 |
SE323152B (de) | 1970-04-27 |
DE1589714B1 (de) | 1972-04-27 |
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