US3439391A - Apparatus and method for edgecrimping and/or heat treating yarn - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for edgecrimping and/or heat treating yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3439391A
US3439391A US488590A US3439391DA US3439391A US 3439391 A US3439391 A US 3439391A US 488590 A US488590 A US 488590A US 3439391D A US3439391D A US 3439391DA US 3439391 A US3439391 A US 3439391A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
channel
conduit
heat
gas
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US488590A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bainard M De Vore
James E Fowler
William P Warthen
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Deering Milliken Research Corp
Milliken Research Corp
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Milliken Research Corp
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/20—Combinations of two or more of the above-mentioned operations or devices; After-treatments for fixing crimp or curl
    • D02G1/205—After-treatments for fixing crimp or curl

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns an apparatus and process for heat processing a running length of either monofilament or multifilament yarn.
  • This invention also relates to stabilizing or developing a running length of thermoplastic yarn by the application of heat.
  • the invention is more particularly concerned though not essentially so with apparatus that acts on a continuous running length of yarn including thermoplastic continuous filaments.
  • This invention is also concerned with preliminarily drawing and deforming a thermoplastic yarn, for example by crimping, and subsequently developing and/or stabilizing the yarn.
  • This invention relates to heat treatment of thermoplastic yarn that has been optionally texturized or otherwise subjected to deforming force so as to impart to the yarn latent or actual stress and subsequently contracting the yarn in a heated zone so that yarn development and/ or stabilization may be accomplished.
  • thermoplastic yarn In the manufacture of texturized thermoplastic yarn it is customary to subject yarn to a deforming treatment such as edge-crimping, stutter box crimping, false twisting or other processes designed to deform yarn. Subsequent to such processes it is often desirable to subject the thermoplastic yarn to a heat treatment under relatively low controlled tension prior to use in manufacture eg of woven and knitted fabrics. Such heat treatments tend to stabilize the yarn so that fabrics constructed from such stabilized yarn have less tendency to shrink or stretch in use. The reason such stabilization is necessary is probably because latent stresses are produced in the yarn during the various processing steps to which it is subjected prior to final use e.g. drawing, crimping, or bulking operations.
  • a deforming treatment such as edge-crimping, stutter box crimping, false twisting or other processes designed to deform yarn.
  • a heat treatment under relatively low controlled tension prior to use in manufacture eg of woven and knitted fabrics.
  • Such heat treatments tend to stabilize the yarn so that fabrics
  • thermoplastic yarn which has been texturized, for example by some form of deformation such as false twist, stuffer box or edge-crimping to stabilization treatment by running the yarn through a heated zone under controlled overfeed.
  • thermoplastic yarn that may be, but is not necessarily texturized or deformed in some way prior to stabilization and/ or development.
  • thermoplastic yarn it is also an object of this invention to subject thermoplastic yarn to heat treatment, including crimping, bulking, or the like with subsequent development or stabilization.
  • a still further object of this invention is to provide methods and apparatus for first crimping a yarn and overfeeding such yarn into a heat processing zone at low tensions.
  • stabilization is meant subjecting a controlled length of yarn to the required temperature and time in order to control further shrinkage to the desired level during finishing of the articles made therefrom.
  • the stabilization of a textured yarn refers to the heat setting of the crimp in the desired geometric configuration.
  • a fully developed or relaxed yarn can be heat set in that state or in any condition of extension between the fully developed and the straightened configuration. Normally, fully developed yarns do not yield optimum bulk and cover in a tufted carpet. Consequently, stabilization on the apparatus of this invention refers to the heat setting of the developed yarn with the filaments extended from the fully crimped configuration to within approximately to 40 percent of the straightened configuration.
  • FIGURE 1 is a partially cut away perspective view of the developing and stabilizing apparatus of this invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagrammatic perspective view of a drawing and a texturizing apparatus in combination with the stabilizing and/or development apparatus of this invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a sectional view along line 33 in FIG- URE 1 showing the details of the preferred heating means that may be used with the stabilizing and/or developing apparatus of this invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged cross sectional view showing the terminal portions of the development and/or stabilizing channel employed in the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 5 is a front view of an alternative type of channel or conduit of the stabilizing and/or developing apparatus of this invention.
  • FIGURE 6 is a side elevation view of the alternative type of channel or conduit illustrated in FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 7 is a cross sectional view taken along 7--7 of FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 8 is an end view of an aspirator that may be used asthe compressed gas means of this invention.
  • FIGURE 9 is a cross section taken along the line 9-9 of FIGURE 8.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates a partially cutaway view of a particular embodiment of the heat treatment conduit or channel of this invention.
  • thermoplastic yarn 11 is fed by a gas delivery means into the conduit or channel 12 of this invention and exits after being conveyed a number of turns through the conduit or channel at the end 13 thereof.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates one mode of incorporating the heat treatment conduit or channel of this invention into a unitary, continuous yarn drawing and texturizing apparatus.
  • yarn is fed from supply packages in input draw rolls 21, across draw pins 22, to a fiat heater 23 which may be a platen, across guide rolls 24 to crimping heater roll pair 25.
  • output roll 25 is heated.
  • the yarn is passed over the edge of a blade 26 at an acute angle while the yarn is heated in a typical edge-crimping operation.
  • the yarn After passing the blade the yarn is cooled on cold rolls 27, that may be water cooled, and advanced by these rolls to a compressed gas delivery means 28 at which point the yarn is conveyed by gas under pressure into the inlet portion of heat treatment conduit 29, As the yarn is transferred through the coil by means of gas under presure, it is in a substantially tens-ionless or in a controlled low tension overfed state.
  • the compressed gas delivery means causes the yarn to billow and float through the elongated conduit while relaxed and substantially without tension or under controlled low tension. Therefore the yarn is allowed to stabilize as well as to develop, if it has been texturized before heat processing.
  • FIGURE 3 the section taken along line 33 in FIGURE 1 illustrates a preferred means for heating the stabilizing or development apparatus of this invention.
  • the conduit 30 is used to convey a gas such as air, through the heater so as to be preheated by resistance heater 31.
  • the conduit or channel 33 that in this embodiment is in the form of a compressed helical coil is used to convey the yarn through the heating apparatus.
  • a lining 34 of a material having a low coeifcient of friction may be used to help prevent binding of the yarn in the conduit.
  • FIGURE 3 the outer walls of the conduit or channel 33 that forms in this illustration a six loop coil (approximately 2070) are in contact with a commercial The'rmon cement 36 available from Abernathy Thomas Enginering Company that transfers heat from a strip resistance heater 31 which may be coiled to assume a generally cylindrical shape.
  • the coil 33 may be, for example, 24 inches in diameter and the conduit or channel may be made from copper in. inside diameter) tubing having an outside diameter of 1% inches and may be heated by means of 240 volts EMF at a total available power of 1500 watts.
  • This conduit or channel is preferably lined with a low friction material such as Tefion or the like 34.
  • Temperature controls or regulating devices 35 such as commercially available thermistors may be used in close proximity to the heating means.
  • a commercially available Thermon cement or similar heat transfer agent 36 may be packed in solid form around the conduit or channel.
  • a fiberglass blanket may be wrapped about the entire assembly either inside the aluminum foil wrapping 37 or it may be wrapped about the exterior of the aluminum foil.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates a cutaway view of the yarn as it enters and exits from the conduit. As the yarn 40 is fed into the conduit without substantial tensioning it billows in a lose fashion and as it proceeds through the conduit is at all times carried through the conduit or channel by the compressed gas.
  • FIGURES 5 and 6 illustrate an alternative form of stabilizing and/or developing conduit or channel wherein the continuous conduit or channel is cast from metal rather than being formed from tubing.
  • the elongated conduit or channel will usually vary in length between approximately 5 and 100 feet and is perferably lined with a coating or tubing of a low friction material such as nylon or Teflon in order to give a surface with a low coefi'icient of friction.
  • a low friction material such as nylon or Teflon in order to give a surface with a low coefi'icient of friction.
  • the liner of low friction material is illustrated at 61 and an appropriate cover 62 for the channel or conduit may be provided.
  • FIGURE 7 which is a cross-sectional view of the channel shown in FIGURE 5, the preheating conduits are cast in the wall of the heating apparatus.
  • FIGURES 8 and 9 illustrate a two-piece aspirator or compressed gas delivery means that may be used in connection with the heat treatment apparatus of this invention.
  • Part A is made up of a cylindrical forward section and rearward section 91. Each section has aperture vanes therethrough, the aperture in section 90 having a flared front portion 92 that communicates with a cylindricai portion 93 that is in communication with a bore of even larger diameter 94 through the body of forward section 90.
  • Part B of the aspirator, the rearward section 91 constitutes an insert for part A having a generally cylindrical forward portion 95 with a slotted portion of a larger diameter 96 having four uniform slots 97 or vanes, best shown in FIGURE 8, therein to allow the passage of the compressed gas and an intergal section 98 that is connected with a gas connecting channel portion 99.
  • a bore 100- of a fairly uniform diameter passes through the entire portion.
  • rearward portion 91 fits into the slot 94 in the forward portion 90 so that compressed gas when it enters around cylindrical element 95 is forced forward through the vanes thereby creating a venturi effect in the vicinity of cylindrical element 95 so that vacuum is created in the area of element 95 thereby transporting or conveying the yarn forward in the direction or motion of the compressed gas.
  • This particular aspirator is of particular value in this invention because it delivers an essentially twist free yarn to the heating apparatus of this invention. This is true because the gas delivery vanes 97 are equally spaced apart and are usually at least four (4) in number.
  • any man-made thermoplastic yarn of any denier may be beneficially treated regardless of whether it has been previously deformed or texturized, at least as to stabilization, by passage through the elongated heated conduit or channel of this invention.
  • any man-made thermoplastic yarn 11 is fed by means of a compressed gas delivery means 10, that may for example be an aspirator or capillary tube, into the body of the conduit or channel 12.
  • the channel may be wound into a convenient form such as a helical coil that may be situated in either a horizontal or a vertical plane.
  • the shape of the coil may be generally circular or elliptical or any other convenient shape so long as the yarn path does not include any sharp bends.
  • the inside diameter of the channel will, of course, vary with the denier of the yarn that is being stabilized or developed. For example, with a yarn in the range of 1000 to 6000 total denier usually having from 1 to 100 filaments, the inside tube diameter will vary from approximately inch to 1 inches. These deniers and figures are certainly not critical and may be varied depending upon the final properties of yarn that is desired.
  • the length of the channel that may, for example, constitute a coiled tube as shown in FIGURE 1 or a serpentive shaped conduit or channel will usually vary between 5 to 100 feet in length, generally speaking, and will usually compriseone continuous conduit or channel compressed so as to constitute from 2 to 10 parallel wraps or rings (approximately 720 to 3600") for the conservation of space.
  • the overall shape of the heat treatment channel of this invention will most generally be that of a circular or elliptical or U-shaped coil. Other convenient configurations may be used so long as no sharp bends are encountered.
  • the radius of the coil, if a coil shape is utilized will vary in most instances between 6 inches and 4 feet.
  • the yarn 11 is conveyed by compressed gas delivery means 10 such as an aspirator into the body of the conduit 12 in an overfed condition or in a controlled low tension condition.
  • compressed gas delivery means 10 such as an aspirator into the body of the conduit 12 in an overfed condition or in a controlled low tension condition.
  • the yarn after being overfed through the heat treatment apparatus by means of gas under pressure exits from the end of the channel 13.
  • a conduit 14 is provided for admitting gas to conduit 30 (FIGURE 3) to be preheated that after preheating is used to convey yarn through the device of this invention.
  • the conduit 12 is formed of a generally good heat conductor such as copper, stainless steel, Monel metal, brass or any equivalent metal or metal alloy and is lined with a material having a low coefiicient of friction.
  • This innerlining of a low frictional material may constitute a coating intergal with the metal conduit or channel or it may constitute a separate member such as a tube.
  • the innerlining 34 which is shown best in FIGURE 3 is preferably a smooth material having a low coefficient of friction such as Teflon or other equivalent halogenated thermoplastic material.
  • Other equivalent materials may be used such as Mylar, nylon, glass or the like, that do not decompose or deteriorate at the selected processing temperature.
  • an aspirator or other equivalent means for providing a gas under pressure to aid in feeding the yarn to the channel may, optionally, be attached to the entrance end of the conduit.
  • This aspirator serves to deliver gas under pressure to move the yarn through the channel and also creates turbulence in the channel that causes the yarn to billow.
  • thermoplastic yarn that may be treated beneficially by the apparatus and process of this invention and may, for example, be nylon, polypropylene, polyester including polyethylene terephthalate, Kodel or blends or mixtures of these may be used. It should be understood that these fibers are merely illustrative of those now feasible and that obviously many others may be beneficially treated by this process and apparatus.
  • the yarn velocity through the conduit will vary between approximately 25 yards per minute or up to and including a thousand yards a minute or even higher. The most preferred range would be from about to 800 yards per minute.
  • the velocity of compressed gas as introduced through compressed gas delivery mean-s varies usually in the range from approximately 1000 to 6000 feet per minute, which will correspond to a general range of from 5 to 50 psi. gauge.
  • the compressed gas is most preferably preheated.
  • any conventional means may be used to preheat the compressed gas, the means shown in FIGURE 3 comprising a small conduit or series of conduits 30 that pass through the heat treatment zone in close proximity to or in contact with the heating means is preferred.
  • FIG- URE 3 also illustrates that the compressed gas that serves as a carrier for the yarn through the stabilizing and/or developing 'tube is preheated to approximately the same temperature at which the stabilizing and/or development tube is maintained.
  • the compressed gas is usually heated to a temperature in the range of approximately 200 to 500 F.
  • the yarn Whether it be multifiament or monofilament is preferably overfed into the entrance to the channel, usually in the range of 3 to 30%. Quantities or percentages of overfeed below or above this range, however, can be used as desired. Another Way of stating this quantitative figure is by saying the yarn is withdrawn from the exit of the conduit or channel at a rate of 3 to 30% less than the rate at which the yarn is fed into the channel.
  • the means and degree if overfeed into the conduit or channel of this invention should be such that the yarn is pushed or stuffed into the entrance and is not pulled by shrinkage.
  • a short section of yarn or any one point along a given length of yarn will usually dwell within the heating conduit for a length of time varying 1% seconds to approximately 10 seconds. Since the dwell time in the unit is somewhat a function of the temperature, velocity and denier of the yarn being treated, all these factors must be considered. For example, when yarn is being stabilized and/or developed at a lower temperature, for example, F, the yarn being a medium denier yarn having a total denier of, for example, 2000, the velocity of the yarn may be increased to say, for example, 500 yards per minute. On the other hand, where a high denier yarn, for example, a yarn of 4000 to 6000 total denier is run, a higher temperature, for example 400 -F.
  • the yarn was overfed at a rate of from the cold ture will usually vary between 360 F. and 390 F., for roll to the nip roll, i.e. the nip roll was running at the nylon 66 the exit gas temperature will usually vary ber te Of 320 yards per minute.
  • the pull dow f thi tween 400 and 450 F. 20 yarn was 33 /2 percent.
  • p astic yarn comprising yarn supply and yarn take-up means, an elongated narrowchannel disposed in a plural- EXAMPL I ity of loop coils, gas transferring and preheating means in The number of yarns of different composition were first C1956 P i y With and adjacent the P of Said D edge.crimped by f din yam f om a supply package t colls, heating means to heat said channel and said gas the input draw roll across the guide roll to a flat heater, transferring and pr h ating ⁇ means to a selected mmoperating in the temperature range f 1 0 to 320 F perature to heat sald yarn while 1n said channel and gas across guide roll to crimping heater rolls and drawn in 3 gas tralgsfemhg 111633115 to a tempel'htllffi tw n across the edge of the blade at an acute angle, while 200 500 -s an h p fl d to said gas heated.
  • the yarn After passing the 'blade the yarn is cooled on a transferhlng and Preheatlng means Positioned Within cold roll and is advanced by this roll to a compressed an openlng 0f channel to PTOVlde a Stream f heated gas delivery means, and conveyed by gas under pressure g through 831d hhanflel, Y advancing ns to posiinto the inlet portion of the heat treatment conduit or tljlely Oveffeed y o S d channel at very low tenchannel of 'this invention.
  • the helically coiled channel 40 51011 at a rate greatel" than the rate ald yarn is withmade up of from four to five parallel turns, through drhwn from 831d Channel, and yarn advancing nlfians 0 %-inch I.D. copper tubing varying in length from 30 to Wlthdraw Y from Sald channel- 42 feet.
  • the yarn was overfed through this tube at a 2.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 wherein the channel is pressure ranging from 25 to 40 p.s.i. yielding a velocity ined with a material having a low coefiicient of friction. .thr u-gh th b varying b t e 100 d 400 yards er 45 3.
  • the apparatus of claim 2 further characterized minute,
  • the variables of this example are set forth in n that the material is polytetrafluoroethylene, Table 1. Percent pulldown set forth in this table should 4.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further characterized in be considered to be the equivalent of or directly proporthat the apparatus includes edge-Crimping means stional to shrinkage and stabilization experienced in the Posed between Said y pp y means d S elondevelopment and/or stabilizing conduit or channel.
  • EXAMPLE I I between 5 and 100 feet, having an inside diameter of Polypropylene yarn having 68 filaments and a denier ranging between 3544 and 3567 of a generally round cross section was passed through a drawing-crimping aplparatus wherein gears were set at (a) 57, (b) 87, (c) 122, (d) 30%, three wraps around the output draw roll, six wraps around the hot roll at a crimping speed of 400 yards per minute.
  • the blade diameter was 8.5 inches, the hot roll temperature 220 F.
  • the yarn after being drawn and crimped passed over cold roll i.e., essentially room temperature was forced by air under pressure, 40 psi. gauge, into a conduit made of at least three-quarter inch.
  • the apparatus of claim 1 further characterized in that the aspirator is equipped with equally spaced apart gas vanes.
  • a method for processing at very low tension a running length of thermoplastic yarn which shrinks substantially in length when heated comprising positively overfeeding said yarn into a heat processing zone with a stream of gas moving in the same direction as said yarn, advancing said yarn through said heat processing zone in a plurality of loop coils, heating the yarn being 4- advanced through said heat processing zone to a tem perature between 200 and 500 F., and simultaneously passing a stream of gas through said heat processing zone to preheat same prior to its use in overfeeding said yarn as specified.
  • the method of claim 6 further characterized in that the yarn being processed is an edge-cri mped yarn.
  • a method for processing at very low tension a running length of multifilament thermoplastic yarn havin a total denier ranging from 100 to 10,000 which bulks or shrinks substantially in length when heated comprising subjecting said yarn to a deforming treatment, positively overfeeding said yarn at a rate varying from 3 to 30% at a velocity between 100 and 1000 yards per minute into a heat processing zone, with a stream of gas moving in the same direction as said yarn, advancing said yarn through said processing zone in a plurality of coils for a length varying between 5 and feet suflicient to heat said yarn at .a selected velocity at a temperature between 200 and 500 F., and simultaneously passing a stream of gas through said heat processing zone to preheat same prior to its use in overfeeding said yarn as specified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
US488590A 1965-09-20 1965-09-20 Apparatus and method for edgecrimping and/or heat treating yarn Expired - Lifetime US3439391A (en)

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US48859065A 1965-09-20 1965-09-20

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US (1) US3439391A (de)
BE (1) BE687134A (de)
ES (1) ES331292A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1517765A (de)
GB (1) GB1166101A (de)
LU (1) LU51999A1 (de)
NL (1) NL6613270A (de)
SE (1) SE308769B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3526024A (en) * 1968-10-16 1970-09-01 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus for treating textile material
US3644968A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-29 Ici Ltd Apparatus for relaxing yarns
US3696478A (en) * 1969-09-23 1972-10-10 Ici Ltd Treatment of yarns
US3808652A (en) * 1968-12-31 1974-05-07 D Elliott Treatment of yarns
US3866279A (en) * 1972-05-22 1975-02-18 Richen Co Yarn processing apparatus and process
US3883718A (en) * 1974-01-31 1975-05-13 Celanese Corp Apparatus for thermally processing of continuous lengths of fibrous materials

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112144159B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2022-08-12 张家港市民华塑胶有限公司 一种人造草丝的制备方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2468081A (en) * 1944-11-18 1949-04-26 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for treating filamentary material
US2584043A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-01-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for processing filamentary materials
CA630693A (en) * 1961-11-07 Scragg Frederick Textile yarn crimping method
US3241212A (en) * 1961-02-27 1966-03-22 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus for crimping thermoplastic yarn
US3292231A (en) * 1964-11-04 1966-12-20 Epstein Herman Stuffer crimping apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA630693A (en) * 1961-11-07 Scragg Frederick Textile yarn crimping method
US2468081A (en) * 1944-11-18 1949-04-26 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for treating filamentary material
US2584043A (en) * 1945-06-20 1952-01-29 American Viscose Corp Method and apparatus for processing filamentary materials
US3241212A (en) * 1961-02-27 1966-03-22 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus for crimping thermoplastic yarn
US3292231A (en) * 1964-11-04 1966-12-20 Epstein Herman Stuffer crimping apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3526024A (en) * 1968-10-16 1970-09-01 Deering Milliken Res Corp Apparatus for treating textile material
US3644968A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-02-29 Ici Ltd Apparatus for relaxing yarns
US3808652A (en) * 1968-12-31 1974-05-07 D Elliott Treatment of yarns
US3696478A (en) * 1969-09-23 1972-10-10 Ici Ltd Treatment of yarns
US3866279A (en) * 1972-05-22 1975-02-18 Richen Co Yarn processing apparatus and process
US3883718A (en) * 1974-01-31 1975-05-13 Celanese Corp Apparatus for thermally processing of continuous lengths of fibrous materials

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SE308769B (de) 1969-02-24
NL6613270A (de) 1967-03-21
BE687134A (de) 1967-03-01
ES331292A1 (es) 1967-11-01
LU51999A1 (de) 1966-11-21
GB1166101A (en) 1969-10-08
FR1517765A (fr) 1968-03-22

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