US3438699A - Optical control of sunlight at window and door openings with controlled positioning of composite transparent materials to eliminate glaring sunlight rays while providing normal daylight illumination - Google Patents
Optical control of sunlight at window and door openings with controlled positioning of composite transparent materials to eliminate glaring sunlight rays while providing normal daylight illumination Download PDFInfo
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- US3438699A US3438699A US499962A US3438699DA US3438699A US 3438699 A US3438699 A US 3438699A US 499962 A US499962 A US 499962A US 3438699D A US3438699D A US 3438699DA US 3438699 A US3438699 A US 3438699A
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- sunlight
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
- E06B9/28—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds with horizontal lamellae, e.g. non-liftable
Definitions
- An adjustable multiple slat assembly assembled in a configuration similar to a Venetian blind is used to control glaring rays of sunlight through selectively changing angular adjustments without otherwise interfering with daylight illumination of a space, each slat being a composite subassembly of at least two transparent pieces of material having interfitting smooth surfaced ridges or prisms and otherwise smooth even outer surfaces.
- This invention relates to transparent material assemblies used to control sunlight and primarily to avoid its direct glare. More particularly, in one preferred embodiment, such an assembly comprises composite transparent materials arranged as adjustable slats of a Venetian blind.
- the purpose of the invention is to control sunlight and its glare effects with transparent material assemblies which at all times continue to pass suflicient quantities of indirect daylight for continued active use of the space beyond any slat assembly without having to resort to artificial lighting.
- the invention briefly described in reference to a preferred embodiment, comprises vertical or horizontal blind arrangements of multiple slats which are collectively moved and positioned to fully intercept the glare rays of the sun, with each slat being a composite subassembly of at least two transparent pieces having intermeshing smooth ridges or prisms and otherwise smooth even outer surfaces.
- FIGURE 1 is a perspective partial sectional view of a window in a home or office with a preferred horizontal blind of transparent materials arranged at a neutral position; a conventional controlling and holding strap being indicated in dotted lines;
- FIGURE 2 is a perspective sectional view showing in part the installation of a vertical blind of transparent materials arranged at a neutral position, no conventional controlling and holding mechanism being indicated, nor conventional sectioning lines being used in the slats for clarity;
- FIGURE 3 is an end view of one of two like transparent pieces or segments used in each slat of either the vertical or horizontal blind;
- FIGURE 4 is an end view of two like transparent pieces or segments, as shown in FIGURE 3, fitted together as a slat of either the vertical or horizontal blind.
- FIGURE 5 is an enlarged partial end view of two like transparent pieces or segments, as shown in FIGURE 4, with dotted lines indicating what happens to selected light rays A, B, and C when discriminately controlled by such a respective slat; the slat being arranged so sun glare light rays approach the first outside smooth transparent slat surface preferably at ninety degrees or within an allowable tolerance depending on the transparent materials being 3,438,699 Patented Apr. 15, 1969 "ice used, such as 4 /2 degrees to either side of the normal, when certain plastic slats are assembled, as illustrated.
- the illustrated embodiment of this invention is directed to providing vertical 10 or horizontal blinds 12 of transparent materials 14 to optically control sunlight at window or like openings 16.
- the materials used are highly transparent to all visible light, However, these materials are generally shaped as indicated in FIGURE 3 to exclude light and heat rays coming from a particular direction which is generally in line with the position of the sun.
- FIGURE 3 In reference to the utilization of a transparent polymethyl methacrylate material, having a refractive index of 1.49 a preferred construction of a segment 18 or 20 of the two segment slat 22 is shown in this FIGURE 3.
- a two inch segment or strip, having a length equal to the height or width of a window opening 16, is made from near 0.107" stock.
- Multiple V ridges or prisms 26 at a included angle are made leaving an unmodified 0.02" thickness 28 with all resulting surfaces being or appearing as being polished.
- the dimensions shown in FIG. 3 are arbitrary rather than unique, and were chosen for compatibility with present suspension and adjustment mechanisms.
- the 45 x 90 prism pattern is also arbitrary, but uniquely provides a totally reflective zone symmetrical with respect to the normal, and rejects the direct sun rays backward toward the sun, with minimized annoyance to persons outside of the protected building area.
- Two of these like strips, segments or pieces 18, 20 are oppositely oriented and placed in contact with each other to form a rectangular cross-sectioned slat 22 as illustrated in FIGURE 4.
- the ridges orprisms 26 are left immersed, so to speak, in a very thin medium, preferably air or vacuum, having a refractive index suitably lower than that of the transparent material.
- the like strips 18, 20 are only mechanically fastened as necessary at spaced locations (not shown) and preferably continuously bonded about the periphery.
- the multiple arrangement of these slats 22 may be undertaken by any of the conventional ways already well known as suggested by dotted line illustration of a strap 24 in FIGURE 1.
- the movement of one slat 22 by controls will move all slats 22 to confront the glare rays which may be coming directly from the sun, reflected from a water surface, glass surface of an adjacent building, etc.
- FIGURE 5 The successful control of sunlight or other glare rays of extreme intensity and the simultaneous control of less intense and indirect light is illustrated in FIGURE 5.
- a portion of a slat is enlarged in this FIGURE 5 to illustrate what occurs in reference to three selected light rays.
- Ray A coming as an incident light ray Ai comes from a direction within a tolerance range of 4 /2 degrees either side of the normal, N, which may be considered also as the direction of the sun S. Any ray like ray A in this tolerance range of 4 /2 for the plastic material illustrated will be totally reflected externally both avoiding the glare and reducing the possibility of any substantial radiant heat increases inside a room beyond the window opening which would otherwise be caused by these glare rays of high intensity.
- Ray B coming as an incident light ray Bi is passed through as ray Bp, without net deviation, thus emerging in its original direction.
- an occupant of the protected interior space has a clear and undeviated view out- .ward along line of such a ray.
- Such rays as B and those prism face X which has a slope of opposite sense to the ray direction.
- Ray C coming as an incident light ray Ci, encounters, however, an oblique prism face which has a slope of similar sense to the ray direction.
- these rays similar in relative direction and location to ray C are trapped throughout successive internal total reflections within the parallel faces of the resulting slat.
- the trapping of these rays Ct causes the appearance of opaque bands or opaque view ranges which are alternately spaced with the clear view ranges or clear bands, when viewed from the interior of a room looking at the slat in a direction opposite to the direction of a ray C.
- each slat comprising, at least, two transparent pieces having intermeshing smooth ridges forming prisms and otherwise smooth even outer plane surfaces.
- a transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight as claimed in claim 1, wherein said intermeshing smooth ridge prisms are equal sided.
- a transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight as claimed in claim 2, wherein said two pieces are a very slight distance apart along their near mating complementary smooth ridges that form the nearly com plete resulting intermeshing prism slot structure.
- a transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight as claimed in claim 3, wherein the said two pieces are continuously bonded only about their resulting periphery.
- each said transparent piece is made from a stock piece which is initially rectangular in cross section, being 0.107 inch thick and 2 inches wide and as long as one dimension of the sunlight area, with eleven and one half equal spaces
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
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Description
Aprll 15, 1969 B. I. SEEGER 3,438,699
OPTICAL CONTROL OF SUNLIGRT AT WINDOW AND DOOR OPENINGS WITH CONTROLLED POSITIONING OF COMPOSITE TRANSPARENT MATERIALS TO ELIMINATE GLARING SUNLIGHT RAYS WHILE PROVIDING uonmm DAYLIGHT mwmmmon Filed Oct. 21, 1965 Sheet of2 IN VEN TOR.
A TTORNE V Aprll 15, 1969 ,1, SEEGER 3,438,699
QOPTICAL CONTROL OF SUNLIGHT AT WINDOW AND DOOR OPENINGS WITH CONTROLLED POSITIONING OF COMPOSITE TRANSPARENT MATERIALS TO ELIMINATB GLARING SUNLIGHT RAYS WHILE PROVIDING NORMAL DAYLIGHTILLJUMINATION Filed Oct. 21, 1965 Sheet 3 of 2 ONE OF n E-QUAYL SPACES L 4" Y Z6 OTOT' z. oo" 0 83. 02
1N VENTOR. aim 4R0. I. 55565? .4 TTORIVE Y United States Patent 3,438,699 OPTICAL CONTROL OF SUNLIGHT AT WINDOW AND DOOR OPENINGS WITH CONTROLLED POSITIONING OF COMPOSITE TRANSPARENT MATERIALS TO ELIMINATE GLARING SUN- LIGHT RAYS WHILE PROVIDING NORMAL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINATION Bernard I. Seeger, 1600 SW. Dawson St., Seattle, Wash. 98106 Filed Oct. 21, 1965, Ser. No. 499,962 Int. Cl. G02b 27/38 US. Cl. 350-263 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An adjustable multiple slat assembly assembled in a configuration similar to a Venetian blind is used to control glaring rays of sunlight through selectively changing angular adjustments without otherwise interfering with daylight illumination of a space, each slat being a composite subassembly of at least two transparent pieces of material having interfitting smooth surfaced ridges or prisms and otherwise smooth even outer surfaces.
This invention relates to transparent material assemblies used to control sunlight and primarily to avoid its direct glare. More particularly, in one preferred embodiment, such an assembly comprises composite transparent materials arranged as adjustable slats of a Venetian blind.
The purpose of the invention is to control sunlight and its glare effects with transparent material assemblies which at all times continue to pass suflicient quantities of indirect daylight for continued active use of the space beyond any slat assembly without having to resort to artificial lighting.
The invention, briefly described in reference to a preferred embodiment, comprises vertical or horizontal blind arrangements of multiple slats which are collectively moved and positioned to fully intercept the glare rays of the sun, with each slat being a composite subassembly of at least two transparent pieces having intermeshing smooth ridges or prisms and otherwise smooth even outer surfaces.
This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein: 7
FIGURE 1 is a perspective partial sectional view of a window in a home or office with a preferred horizontal blind of transparent materials arranged at a neutral position; a conventional controlling and holding strap being indicated in dotted lines;
FIGURE 2 is a perspective sectional view showing in part the installation of a vertical blind of transparent materials arranged at a neutral position, no conventional controlling and holding mechanism being indicated, nor conventional sectioning lines being used in the slats for clarity;
FIGURE 3 is an end view of one of two like transparent pieces or segments used in each slat of either the vertical or horizontal blind;
FIGURE 4 is an end view of two like transparent pieces or segments, as shown in FIGURE 3, fitted together as a slat of either the vertical or horizontal blind.
FIGURE 5 is an enlarged partial end view of two like transparent pieces or segments, as shown in FIGURE 4, with dotted lines indicating what happens to selected light rays A, B, and C when discriminately controlled by such a respective slat; the slat being arranged so sun glare light rays approach the first outside smooth transparent slat surface preferably at ninety degrees or within an allowable tolerance depending on the transparent materials being 3,438,699 Patented Apr. 15, 1969 "ice used, such as 4 /2 degrees to either side of the normal, when certain plastic slats are assembled, as illustrated.
Referring to FIGURES l and 2, the illustrated embodiment of this invention is directed to providing vertical 10 or horizontal blinds 12 of transparent materials 14 to optically control sunlight at window or like openings 16. The materials used are highly transparent to all visible light, However, these materials are generally shaped as indicated in FIGURE 3 to exclude light and heat rays coming from a particular direction which is generally in line with the position of the sun.
In reference to the utilization of a transparent polymethyl methacrylate material, having a refractive index of 1.49 a preferred construction of a segment 18 or 20 of the two segment slat 22 is shown in this FIGURE 3. A two inch segment or strip, having a length equal to the height or width of a window opening 16, is made from near 0.107" stock. Multiple V ridges or prisms 26 at a included angle are made leaving an unmodified 0.02" thickness 28 with all resulting surfaces being or appearing as being polished.
The dimensions shown in FIG. 3 are arbitrary rather than unique, and were chosen for compatibility with present suspension and adjustment mechanisms. The 45 x 90 prism pattern is also arbitrary, but uniquely provides a totally reflective zone symmetrical with respect to the normal, and rejects the direct sun rays backward toward the sun, with minimized annoyance to persons outside of the protected building area.
Two of these like strips, segments or pieces 18, 20 are oppositely oriented and placed in contact with each other to form a rectangular cross-sectioned slat 22 as illustrated in FIGURE 4. The ridges orprisms 26 are left immersed, so to speak, in a very thin medium, preferably air or vacuum, having a refractive index suitably lower than that of the transparent material. The like strips 18, 20 are only mechanically fastened as necessary at spaced locations (not shown) and preferably continuously bonded about the periphery.
The multiple arrangement of these slats 22 may be undertaken by any of the conventional ways already well known as suggested by dotted line illustration of a strap 24 in FIGURE 1. Preferably, the movement of one slat 22 by controls (not shown) will move all slats 22 to confront the glare rays which may be coming directly from the sun, reflected from a water surface, glass surface of an adjacent building, etc.
The successful control of sunlight or other glare rays of extreme intensity and the simultaneous control of less intense and indirect light is illustrated in FIGURE 5. A portion of a slat is enlarged in this FIGURE 5 to illustrate what occurs in reference to three selected light rays.
Ray A coming as an incident light ray Ai, comes from a direction within a tolerance range of 4 /2 degrees either side of the normal, N, which may be considered also as the direction of the sun S. Any ray like ray A in this tolerance range of 4 /2 for the plastic material illustrated will be totally reflected externally both avoiding the glare and reducing the possibility of any substantial radiant heat increases inside a room beyond the window opening which would otherwise be caused by these glare rays of high intensity.
Ray B, coming as an incident light ray Bi is passed through as ray Bp, without net deviation, thus emerging in its original direction. Similarly, an occupant of the protected interior space has a clear and undeviated view out- .ward along line of such a ray. Such rays as B and those prism face X which has a slope of opposite sense to the ray direction.
Ray C, coming as an incident light ray Ci, encounters, however, an oblique prism face which has a slope of similar sense to the ray direction. As a result, these rays, similar in relative direction and location to ray C are trapped throughout successive internal total reflections within the parallel faces of the resulting slat. The trapping of these rays Ct, causes the appearance of opaque bands or opaque view ranges which are alternately spaced with the clear view ranges or clear bands, when viewed from the interior of a room looking at the slat in a direction opposite to the direction of a ray C.
The appearance of these clear and opaque view bands or ranges in reference to their relative widths will vary when viewed from the interior of a room in different locations. However, at all times glare rays are totally reflected and cannot be viewed from within the interior room. This remains true providing that over a period of time, the group of slats are caused to confront or to track direct sunlight and thereby remain capable of total reflection of A rays.
Therefore, by construction of slats in this way or similar thereto from transparent materials having refractive indices equal to or greater than the square root of two, and by control of their collective movement with changes in the location of high intensity glare rays coming from an indirect source such as a lake surface or directly from the sun, are effectively eliminated by total reflection while other less intense light energy is skillfully provided in places beyond the location of such transparent slats.
I claim:
1. A transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight, especially its direct glare rays, while continuing to pass other rays to allow active use of space beyond such transparent material assembly without resorting to artificial lighting, comprising:
(a) conventional Venetian blind positioning devices adapted to hold and to pivot multiple slats of the said transparent materials across an area being subjected to direct sunlight; and
(b) multiple slats of transparent materials fitted in part into the positioning devices for adjustment to pre vent passage of glare rays of sunlight through the sunlight area, each slat, comprising, at least, two transparent pieces having intermeshing smooth ridges forming prisms and otherwise smooth even outer plane surfaces.
2. A transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight, as claimed in claim 1, wherein said intermeshing smooth ridge prisms are equal sided.
3. A transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight, as claimed in claim 2, wherein said two pieces are a very slight distance apart along their near mating complementary smooth ridges that form the nearly com plete resulting intermeshing prism slot structure.
4.-A transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight, as claimed in claim 3, wherein the said two pieces are formed from a transparent polymethyl methacrylate material.
5. A transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight, as claimed in claim 3, wherein the said two pieces are continuously bonded only about their resulting periphery.
6. A transparent material assembly, to optically control sunlight, as claimed in claim 5, wherein said transparent materials used have a refractive indices of the square root of two and greater.
7. A transparent material assembly to optically control sunlight, as claimed in claim 6, wherein each said transparent piece is made from a stock piece which is initially rectangular in cross section, being 0.107 inch thick and 2 inches wide and as long as one dimension of the sunlight area, with eleven and one half equal spaces References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1933 Higbie 350-263 7/1961 Vetere 350263 FOREIGN PATENTS 562,077 10/1932 Germany. 429,340 5/1935 Great Britain.
JULIA E. CORNER, Primary Examiner.
US. Cl. X.R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US49996265A | 1965-10-21 | 1965-10-21 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3438699A true US3438699A (en) | 1969-04-15 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US499962A Expired - Lifetime US3438699A (en) | 1965-10-21 | 1965-10-21 | Optical control of sunlight at window and door openings with controlled positioning of composite transparent materials to eliminate glaring sunlight rays while providing normal daylight illumination |
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Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3712713A (en) * | 1970-08-10 | 1973-01-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Optical shield of transparant intermeshed grooved panels useful on overhead projects |
| US4258702A (en) * | 1975-07-28 | 1981-03-31 | Halm Instrument Co., Inc. | Vanes for solar heating |
| US4398587A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1983-08-16 | Boyd Michael D | Radiant energy reflector device |
| JPS58189441A (en) * | 1982-04-18 | 1983-11-05 | イズチヤツク・バ−ル−ヨナ− | Selection type light pervious panel |
| US4517960A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1985-05-21 | Christian Bartenbach | Protection device against solar light |
| US4773733A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1988-09-27 | John A. Murphy, Jr. | Venetian blind having prismatic reflective slats |
| WO1997019246A2 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-05-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sunshade |
| US5828494A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1998-10-27 | Stremple; Paul R. | Glass panel unit for refracting and dispersing light |
| EP1072752A1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-01-31 | Werner Dr. Lorenz | A window pane for solar protection, daylighting and energy conservation |
| US6367937B2 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 2002-04-09 | K{Haeck Over (O)}Ster Helmut | Sun protection installation comprising sun protection lamellae having a toothed upper side |
| US6542303B1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2003-04-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha S-T-I-Japan | Light distribution controlling apparatus, luminous flux density controlling apparatus and partitioning method |
| US20050011145A1 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2005-01-20 | Yaron Mayer | System and method for producing and/or using semi-transparent corrugated structures which automatically change their transparency to the Sun's rays during the hours of the day, and the resulting structures |
| US20050056382A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-03-17 | Sassan Khajavi | Window blinds with rotating slats that have different faces |
| US20100051212A1 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2010-03-04 | Novak Debbie I R | Vertical blind, an optical quality shatter and impact resistant, two-sided mirrored acrylic vane |
| US20110056135A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Cochran Jr Horace J | Grate sunshade |
| US20110088324A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | Wessel Robert B | Apparatus and method for solar heat gain reduction in a window assembly |
| US20160060955A1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | Yin-An Hsieh | Retractable light-diffusing module and light-diffusing structure thereof |
| US20160060954A1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-03-03 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Shade |
| US9605438B1 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-28 | Dry Basement, Inc. | Externally protruding light-capture window well |
| CN108873144A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-23 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Guiding device, backlight module and liquid crystal display |
| CN113740954A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 宇目(厦门)科技有限公司 | Optical waveguide structure and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE562077C (en) * | 1931-04-18 | 1932-10-21 | Walther Thorner Dr | Lens with a distracting effect |
| US1937342A (en) * | 1928-08-30 | 1933-11-28 | Higbie Henry Harold | Material for controlling illumination |
| GB429340A (en) * | 1933-08-25 | 1935-05-27 | Andries Carl Cilliers | Optical device suitable for selectively transmitting non-parallel light rays |
| US2991697A (en) * | 1956-04-10 | 1961-07-11 | Arrow Metal Products Corp Inc | Light-controlling window structure |
-
1965
- 1965-10-21 US US499962A patent/US3438699A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1937342A (en) * | 1928-08-30 | 1933-11-28 | Higbie Henry Harold | Material for controlling illumination |
| DE562077C (en) * | 1931-04-18 | 1932-10-21 | Walther Thorner Dr | Lens with a distracting effect |
| GB429340A (en) * | 1933-08-25 | 1935-05-27 | Andries Carl Cilliers | Optical device suitable for selectively transmitting non-parallel light rays |
| US2991697A (en) * | 1956-04-10 | 1961-07-11 | Arrow Metal Products Corp Inc | Light-controlling window structure |
Cited By (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3712713A (en) * | 1970-08-10 | 1973-01-23 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Optical shield of transparant intermeshed grooved panels useful on overhead projects |
| US4258702A (en) * | 1975-07-28 | 1981-03-31 | Halm Instrument Co., Inc. | Vanes for solar heating |
| US4398587A (en) * | 1978-06-20 | 1983-08-16 | Boyd Michael D | Radiant energy reflector device |
| US4517960A (en) * | 1981-09-25 | 1985-05-21 | Christian Bartenbach | Protection device against solar light |
| JP2566129B2 (en) | 1982-04-18 | 1996-12-25 | イズチャック・バールーヨナー | Panel using prism |
| JPS58189441A (en) * | 1982-04-18 | 1983-11-05 | イズチヤツク・バ−ル−ヨナ− | Selection type light pervious panel |
| US4519675A (en) * | 1982-04-18 | 1985-05-28 | Bar Yonah Yitzchak | Selectively light transmitting panel |
| US4773733A (en) * | 1987-11-05 | 1988-09-27 | John A. Murphy, Jr. | Venetian blind having prismatic reflective slats |
| US5828494A (en) * | 1994-05-18 | 1998-10-27 | Stremple; Paul R. | Glass panel unit for refracting and dispersing light |
| WO1997019246A2 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-05-29 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Sunshade |
| WO1997019246A3 (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 1997-07-03 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Sunshade |
| US6367937B2 (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 2002-04-09 | K{Haeck Over (O)}Ster Helmut | Sun protection installation comprising sun protection lamellae having a toothed upper side |
| US6542303B1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2003-04-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha S-T-I-Japan | Light distribution controlling apparatus, luminous flux density controlling apparatus and partitioning method |
| EP1072752A1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-01-31 | Werner Dr. Lorenz | A window pane for solar protection, daylighting and energy conservation |
| US20050011145A1 (en) * | 2003-06-04 | 2005-01-20 | Yaron Mayer | System and method for producing and/or using semi-transparent corrugated structures which automatically change their transparency to the Sun's rays during the hours of the day, and the resulting structures |
| US20050056382A1 (en) * | 2003-06-30 | 2005-03-17 | Sassan Khajavi | Window blinds with rotating slats that have different faces |
| US20100051212A1 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2010-03-04 | Novak Debbie I R | Vertical blind, an optical quality shatter and impact resistant, two-sided mirrored acrylic vane |
| US8307602B2 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2012-11-13 | Cochran Jr Horace J | Grate sunshade |
| US20110056135A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Cochran Jr Horace J | Grate sunshade |
| US9051776B2 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2015-06-09 | Robert B. Wessel | Apparatus and method for solar heat gain reduction in a window assembly |
| US20140265021A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2014-09-18 | Robert B. Wessel | Apparatus and method for solar heat gain reduction in a window assembly |
| US20110088324A1 (en) * | 2009-10-20 | 2011-04-21 | Wessel Robert B | Apparatus and method for solar heat gain reduction in a window assembly |
| US20160060954A1 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2016-03-03 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Shade |
| US10287818B2 (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2019-05-14 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Shade |
| US20160060955A1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-03-03 | Yin-An Hsieh | Retractable light-diffusing module and light-diffusing structure thereof |
| US9605438B1 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-28 | Dry Basement, Inc. | Externally protruding light-capture window well |
| CN108873144A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-23 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Guiding device, backlight module and liquid crystal display |
| CN108873144B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Light guide device, backlight module and liquid crystal display |
| CN113740954A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 宇目(厦门)科技有限公司 | Optical waveguide structure and preparation method thereof |
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