US3438430A - Double wall heat exchanger utilizing flexible conductor plates between the walls - Google Patents

Double wall heat exchanger utilizing flexible conductor plates between the walls Download PDF

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US3438430A
US3438430A US575167A US3438430DA US3438430A US 3438430 A US3438430 A US 3438430A US 575167 A US575167 A US 575167A US 3438430D A US3438430D A US 3438430DA US 3438430 A US3438430 A US 3438430A
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walls
heat exchanger
plates
flexible conductor
heat
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US575167A
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Lucien Kestemont
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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European Atomic Energy Community Euratom
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
    • G21C3/02—Fuel elements
    • G21C3/04—Constructional details
    • G21C3/16—Details of the construction within the casing
    • G21C3/20—Details of the construction within the casing with coating on fuel or on inside of casing; with non-active interlayer between casing and active material with multiple casings or multiple active layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F22B1/063—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors
    • F22B1/066—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium for metal cooled nuclear reactors with double-wall tubes having a third fluid between these walls, e.g. helium for leak detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/003—Multiple wall conduits, e.g. for leak detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/005—Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L2101/00—Uses or applications of pigs or moles
    • F16L2101/30—Inspecting, measuring or testing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a double-walled heat-exchanger.
  • Such exchangers prevent the consequences of leaks or breaks in a wall.
  • it is in practice in many cases essential, from the safety point of view, to place double walls between the media that have to exchange calories, without permitting the slightest contact or the slightest pollution of one medium by the other.
  • This double sealing-tightness which is necessary among other things for the provision of leak-detecting systems in the space between the walls so as to detect the beginning of a break in good time, inevitably results in pronounced temperature drops when this inter-wall space is full of gas.
  • the problem might be solved or reduced by filling this space with a liquid, for example a liquid metal that conducts heat well. But if this method is adopted, there is a risk of incompatibility or reaction between the liquid metal and other materials forming, for example,
  • a gas-filled space might be provided between the walls, the hot and cold structures being made continuous at certain points or in certain portions. But owing to the heat gradients between the two zones in question, any rigid connection produces mechanical stresses, which may make the system impracticable.
  • the invention employs another solution with a gas space. Instead of a rigid connection, it proposes a flexible connection permitting a certain amount of play and differential expansion between the two zones.
  • a double-walled heat-exchanger In a double-walled heat-exchanger according to this invention, flexible plates made of a material that is a good conductor of heat are disposed in the space between the two walls and engage with these two walls, so as to produce by contact, good conduction of heat between the latter, the space between the two walls is filled with a gas, there is at least one detector for contamination of the gas by leakage through a wall of the container and means for circulating the gas so that it passes (preferably slowly) through the leak detectors.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross-section of part of a heat-exchanger according to the invention
  • FIGURES 2, 3 and 4 are cross-sections of heat-exchangers according to the invention.
  • FIGURES 5 and 6 are cross-sections of parts of heatexchangers according to the invention, wherein the flexible plates are made of bimetallic material.
  • FIGURE 1 shows part of a heat-exchanger between a hot medium 1 and a colder medium 2, comprising two walls, the hot wall 3 and the cold wall 4, with a gas-filled inter-wall space 5 between them. So that any leakages in either of the walls 3 or 4 may be detected as soon as possible, the gas travels through a circuit (not shown), which causes it to pass through leak-detectors (also not shown). These leak-detectors may be inside or outside the space 5. The same applies to the means for setting the gas in motion.
  • Heat transmission between the walls 3 and 4 is effected across the space 5 by means of resiliently fiexible plates, for example 6, made of a material that is a good conductor of heat and does not absorb neutrons to any great extent, if a neutron medium is present (for example irradiation capsules or fuel elements).
  • resiliently fiexible plates for example 6, made of a material that is a good conductor of heat and does not absorb neutrons to any great extent, if a neutron medium is present (for example irradiation capsules or fuel elements).
  • These plates are simply engaged against both walls 3 and 4, the force with which they engage these walls and consequently their heat-conducting properties depending essentially on their outline, thickness and elasticity. In view of their elasticity and the fact that they are not welded or attached to the walls, any differential deformations of these walls can be effected freely without causing mechanical stresses, as the plates can be deformed and slide on the walls. All that is necessary is to provide sufiicient space between two adjacent plates.
  • the plates are shown in all the figures except the last one as having V-shaped cross-sections, but other forms and other cross-sections, for example triangular, circular, trapezoidal, X-shaped or M-shaped, are suitable.
  • FIGURES 5 and 6 show heat-exchangers according to the invention in which the flexible conductive plates 6 are bimetallic, so that these plates tend to straighten as a result of an increase in temperature.
  • the plates 6 When the temperature of the hot wall, for example, increases, the plates 6 begin to straighten and bear harder on the walls 3 and 4, thereby improving the heat conduction at the plate-wall contact surfaces. As a result, the heat-transfer properties of the exchanger are automatically controlled according to the temperature.
  • bimetallic plates also, of course, many shapes or cross-sections are suitable, and can be so chosen that the plates react to a temperature increase by bearing harder on the walls.
  • a heat exchanger comprising an outer wall, an inner wall disposed within said outer wall and spaced therefrom, means for circulating a gas through the space between said walls, means to detect leakage of gas through said walls, and at least one bimetallic flexible conductor plate disposed in said space and engaging said walls with a predetermined force, said plate being adapted to vary said force in response to temperature changes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

p 1969 KESTEMONT 3, 3
DOUBLE WALL HEAT EXCHANGER UTILIZING FLEXIBLE CONDUCTOR PLATES BETWEEN THE WALLS Filed Aug. 25, 1966 Sheet 1 of 2 INVENTOR LUCIEN KESTEHONT ATTORNEYS April 15, 1969 L. KESTEMONT 3,438,430
DOUBLE WALL HEAT EXCHANGER UTILIZING FLEXIBLE CONDUCTOR PLATES BETWEEN THE WALLS Filed Aug. 25, 1966 Sheet 2 of 2 ATTORNEYS United States Patent 17,548 Int. Cl. G05d 23/08; F28f 27/02, 13/08 U.S. Cl. 16532 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A heat exchanger having two spaced walls with gas therebetween and a bimetallic flexible conductor plate engaging the walls with a force which is variable in response to temperature changes.
This invention relates to a double-walled heat-exchanger. Such exchangers prevent the consequences of leaks or breaks in a wall. In the nuclear industry, for example for the production of irradiation capsules for the NaK-water exchangers of rapid reactors, or for some fuel elements of nuclear reactors, it is in practice in many cases essential, from the safety point of view, to place double walls between the media that have to exchange calories, without permitting the slightest contact or the slightest pollution of one medium by the other. This double sealing-tightness, which is necessary among other things for the provision of leak-detecting systems in the space between the walls so as to detect the beginning of a break in good time, inevitably results in pronounced temperature drops when this inter-wall space is full of gas.
The problem might be solved or reduced by filling this space with a liquid, for example a liquid metal that conducts heat well. But if this method is adopted, there is a risk of incompatibility or reaction between the liquid metal and other materials forming, for example,
' hot medium (the fuel element, the sample to be irradiated or the calorie-carrying fluid), or between the liquid metal and the cooling carlorie-carrying fluid. Another disadvantage of this solution is that with small leakages there may be solubility in this liquid, and this prevents detection.
Another possible solution would be to use extremely thick single walls, or even to separate the hot and cold media altogether while leaving a solid connection between them. The thermal efficiency of this system is low.
Alternatively, a gas-filled space might be provided between the walls, the hot and cold structures being made continuous at certain points or in certain portions. But owing to the heat gradients between the two zones in question, any rigid connection produces mechanical stresses, which may make the system impracticable.
The invention employs another solution with a gas space. Instead of a rigid connection, it proposes a flexible connection permitting a certain amount of play and differential expansion between the two zones.
In a double-walled heat-exchanger according to this invention, flexible plates made of a material that is a good conductor of heat are disposed in the space between the two walls and engage with these two walls, so as to produce by contact, good conduction of heat between the latter, the space between the two walls is filled with a gas, there is at least one detector for contamination of the gas by leakage through a wall of the container and means for circulating the gas so that it passes (preferably slowly) through the leak detectors.
Some specific embodiments of the invention will now be 3,438,430 Patented Apr. 15, 1969 described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 is a cross-section of part of a heat-exchanger according to the invention,
FIGURES 2, 3 and 4 are cross-sections of heat-exchangers according to the invention, and
FIGURES 5 and 6 are cross-sections of parts of heatexchangers according to the invention, wherein the flexible plates are made of bimetallic material.
These figures only show the elements necessary for an understanding of the invention; the corresponding elements of these figures have identical reference numbers.
FIGURE 1 shows part of a heat-exchanger between a hot medium 1 and a colder medium 2, comprising two walls, the hot wall 3 and the cold wall 4, with a gas-filled inter-wall space 5 between them. So that any leakages in either of the walls 3 or 4 may be detected as soon as possible, the gas travels through a circuit (not shown), which causes it to pass through leak-detectors (also not shown). These leak-detectors may be inside or outside the space 5. The same applies to the means for setting the gas in motion.
Heat transmission between the walls 3 and 4 is effected across the space 5 by means of resiliently fiexible plates, for example 6, made of a material that is a good conductor of heat and does not absorb neutrons to any great extent, if a neutron medium is present (for example irradiation capsules or fuel elements). These plates are simply engaged against both walls 3 and 4, the force with which they engage these walls and consequently their heat-conducting properties depending essentially on their outline, thickness and elasticity. In view of their elasticity and the fact that they are not welded or attached to the walls, any differential deformations of these walls can be effected freely without causing mechanical stresses, as the plates can be deformed and slide on the walls. All that is necessary is to provide sufiicient space between two adjacent plates. To prevent these plates from moving from one position to another position nearby, it is preferable, although not essential, to form in at least one of the two walls longitudinal grooves, for example 7, in which corners or projections of the outline of the flexible plates 6 can be wedged. To make drawing easier, the plates are shown in all the figures except the last one as having V-shaped cross-sections, but other forms and other cross-sections, for example triangular, circular, trapezoidal, X-shaped or M-shaped, are suitable.
FIGURES 5 and 6 show heat-exchangers according to the invention in which the flexible conductive plates 6 are bimetallic, so that these plates tend to straighten as a result of an increase in temperature. When the temperature of the hot wall, for example, increases, the plates 6 begin to straighten and bear harder on the walls 3 and 4, thereby improving the heat conduction at the plate-wall contact surfaces. As a result, the heat-transfer properties of the exchanger are automatically controlled according to the temperature. With bimetallic plates also, of course, many shapes or cross-sections are suitable, and can be so chosen that the plates react to a temperature increase by bearing harder on the walls.
I claim:
1. A heat exchanger comprising an outer wall, an inner wall disposed within said outer wall and spaced therefrom, means for circulating a gas through the space between said walls, means to detect leakage of gas through said walls, and at least one bimetallic flexible conductor plate disposed in said space and engaging said walls with a predetermined force, said plate being adapted to vary said force in response to temperature changes.
2. The heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein at least one groove is formed in at least one of said walls and is adapted to receive a corresponding end of said plate to walls 3 4 prevent said plate from moving with respect to said 3,106,526 10/1963 Wolfe et a1 176-87 X 3,216,902 11/1965 Costes et a1 176-87 X References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS UNITED STATES PATENTS r 835,297 5/1960 Great Britain. Evans X o Glfiat Bl'ltall'l. 5/1955 Bonvillian et a1. 138148 X ROBERT A *LEARY P E 8/1960 Smith 165-32 0 Timmy f 1/1962 Lovingham 165 154 X ALBERT W. DAVIS, Asszstant Exammer. 1/1963 Young 176-52 10 7/1963 Schluderberg 165-11 X 9/1963 Speidel et a1 176-58 X 165-154, 81, 185; 220-9; 176-87, 52; 138-113
US575167A 1965-09-06 1966-08-25 Double wall heat exchanger utilizing flexible conductor plates between the walls Expired - Lifetime US3438430A (en)

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861162A (en) * 1973-03-16 1975-01-21 Refrigerated Sea Water Inc Cooling system and heat transfer assembly
US3918893A (en) * 1974-11-13 1975-11-11 Allis Chalmers Elongated rotary drum shell construction
US4011132A (en) * 1974-01-29 1977-03-08 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Nuclear reactor pressure vessel for nuclear reactors with plastically deformable spacers
US4155809A (en) * 1977-02-08 1979-05-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Variable stiffness lattice support system for a condenser type nuclear reactor containment
EP0013796A1 (en) * 1979-01-19 1980-08-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heat exchanger with leak detecting double wall tubes
US4225054A (en) * 1977-07-26 1980-09-30 Gaz-Transport Thermally insulated tank for land storage of low temperature liquids
FR2484622A1 (en) * 1980-05-08 1981-12-18 Wieland Werke Ag ASSEMBLY OF COAXIAL TUBES FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF HEAT BETWEEN LIQUIDS OR GASES
US4339050A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-07-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Louvre buffer fire prevention system
US4385622A (en) * 1980-01-11 1983-05-31 Tidwell Joe D Fireplace liner incorporating thermal expansion stress relief spacers
US4465127A (en) * 1980-04-29 1984-08-14 Stein Industrie Device for reducing the thermal stresses in the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger
US4485069A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Moisture separator reheater with round tube bundle
US4571801A (en) * 1983-06-15 1986-02-25 Mks Instruments, Inc. Method of manufacturing a cartridge unit for establishing controlled laminar-flow conditions
US4583584A (en) * 1984-10-19 1986-04-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Seismic snubber accommodating variable gaps in pressure vessels
US4619292A (en) * 1983-10-14 1986-10-28 Apx Group, Inc. Air gap pipe
FR2583912A1 (en) * 1985-06-19 1986-12-26 Commissariat Energie Atomique INSTALLATION FOR COOLING THE HEART OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR WHEN IT IS SHUTDOWN OR IN NORMAL OPERATION
US4656713A (en) * 1985-10-24 1987-04-14 Ap Industries, Inc. Method for forming an air gap pipe
US5131456A (en) * 1991-07-01 1992-07-21 Ibm Corporation Bimetallic insert fin for high conduction cooling structure
US5535815A (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-07-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Package-interface thermal switch
US6131646A (en) * 1998-01-19 2000-10-17 Trw Inc. Heat conductive interface material
US6431258B1 (en) * 1997-07-04 2002-08-13 Tokyo Electron Limited Process solution supplying apparatus
US20030159815A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2003-08-28 Wilson Alexandria Bruce Heat exchanger
US20040125906A1 (en) * 2002-11-09 2004-07-01 Gnb Gesellschaft Fur Nuklear-Behalter Mbh Container for heat-generating radioactive elements
US7325772B1 (en) 2003-09-04 2008-02-05 L-3 Communications Corporation Aircraft heat sink and electronics enclosure
WO2008125963A2 (en) * 2007-04-16 2008-10-23 Del Nova Vis S.R.L. System for evacuating the residual heat from a liquid metal or molten salts cooled nuclear reactor
US20090313972A1 (en) * 2008-06-24 2009-12-24 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Heat Exchanger with Disimilar Metal Properties
US20100206888A1 (en) * 2007-08-28 2010-08-19 Arzneimittel GmbH Apotheker Vetter & Co. Ravensbur g Temperature control device
US20130264918A1 (en) * 2012-04-04 2013-10-10 Ysi Incorporated Housing and method of making same
US20150107806A1 (en) * 2012-05-01 2015-04-23 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Double-walled heat exchanger tube
US10309730B2 (en) 2015-06-16 2019-06-04 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Mini-channel heat exchanger tube sleeve

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DE2551903A1 (en) * 1975-11-19 1977-06-02 Babcock Brown Boveri Reaktor Pipeline safety system for use in nuclear plant - has protective tube of component sections with cover and heat conducting medium filling intermediate annular space
DE3533095A1 (en) * 1985-09-17 1987-03-19 Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr COOLANT COMPENSATOR, ESPECIALLY FOR MOTOR VEHICLE COMBUSTION ENGINES
DE102017204954A1 (en) 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 MTU Aero Engines AG FLOW MACHINE WITH ASSEMBLY ELEMENT

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US2658728A (en) * 1948-06-25 1953-11-10 Lummus Co Method of detecting leakage between heat transfer fluids
US2707493A (en) * 1943-03-13 1955-05-03 Claude A Bonvillian Conduits
GB835297A (en) * 1957-04-09 1960-05-18 Marston Excelsior Ltd Tubular heat exchanger
US2949283A (en) * 1956-05-11 1960-08-16 Millard F Smith Apparatus for heat transfer
US3016695A (en) * 1960-05-31 1962-01-16 Thiokol Chemical Corp Reaction motor thrust chamber
US3071527A (en) * 1957-03-19 1963-01-01 Young Gale Nuclear reactor
GB922632A (en) * 1961-02-01 1963-04-03 Marston Excelsior Ltd Improvements in heat exchangers
US3098023A (en) * 1958-09-15 1963-07-16 Babcock & Wilcox Co Nuclear reactor containment system
US3104218A (en) * 1958-10-01 1963-09-17 Gen Dynamics Corp Pressure tube structure
US3106526A (en) * 1960-09-22 1963-10-08 Benjamin F Schmidt Sand and gas deflector for oil well pumps
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US2707493A (en) * 1943-03-13 1955-05-03 Claude A Bonvillian Conduits
US2658728A (en) * 1948-06-25 1953-11-10 Lummus Co Method of detecting leakage between heat transfer fluids
US2949283A (en) * 1956-05-11 1960-08-16 Millard F Smith Apparatus for heat transfer
US3071527A (en) * 1957-03-19 1963-01-01 Young Gale Nuclear reactor
GB835297A (en) * 1957-04-09 1960-05-18 Marston Excelsior Ltd Tubular heat exchanger
US3098023A (en) * 1958-09-15 1963-07-16 Babcock & Wilcox Co Nuclear reactor containment system
US3104218A (en) * 1958-10-01 1963-09-17 Gen Dynamics Corp Pressure tube structure
US3016695A (en) * 1960-05-31 1962-01-16 Thiokol Chemical Corp Reaction motor thrust chamber
US3106526A (en) * 1960-09-22 1963-10-08 Benjamin F Schmidt Sand and gas deflector for oil well pumps
GB922632A (en) * 1961-02-01 1963-04-03 Marston Excelsior Ltd Improvements in heat exchangers
US3216902A (en) * 1961-07-27 1965-11-09 Commissariat Energie Atomique Liquid moderator nuclear reactors

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861162A (en) * 1973-03-16 1975-01-21 Refrigerated Sea Water Inc Cooling system and heat transfer assembly
US4011132A (en) * 1974-01-29 1977-03-08 Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft Nuclear reactor pressure vessel for nuclear reactors with plastically deformable spacers
US3918893A (en) * 1974-11-13 1975-11-11 Allis Chalmers Elongated rotary drum shell construction
US4155809A (en) * 1977-02-08 1979-05-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Variable stiffness lattice support system for a condenser type nuclear reactor containment
US4225054A (en) * 1977-07-26 1980-09-30 Gaz-Transport Thermally insulated tank for land storage of low temperature liquids
EP0013796A1 (en) * 1979-01-19 1980-08-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Heat exchanger with leak detecting double wall tubes
US4385622A (en) * 1980-01-11 1983-05-31 Tidwell Joe D Fireplace liner incorporating thermal expansion stress relief spacers
US4465127A (en) * 1980-04-29 1984-08-14 Stein Industrie Device for reducing the thermal stresses in the bottom of a vertical heat exchanger
FR2484622A1 (en) * 1980-05-08 1981-12-18 Wieland Werke Ag ASSEMBLY OF COAXIAL TUBES FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF HEAT BETWEEN LIQUIDS OR GASES
US4339050A (en) * 1980-11-03 1982-07-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Louvre buffer fire prevention system
US4485069A (en) * 1982-01-20 1984-11-27 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Moisture separator reheater with round tube bundle
US4571801A (en) * 1983-06-15 1986-02-25 Mks Instruments, Inc. Method of manufacturing a cartridge unit for establishing controlled laminar-flow conditions
US4619292A (en) * 1983-10-14 1986-10-28 Apx Group, Inc. Air gap pipe
US4583584A (en) * 1984-10-19 1986-04-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Seismic snubber accommodating variable gaps in pressure vessels
FR2583912A1 (en) * 1985-06-19 1986-12-26 Commissariat Energie Atomique INSTALLATION FOR COOLING THE HEART OF A NUCLEAR REACTOR WHEN IT IS SHUTDOWN OR IN NORMAL OPERATION
EP0206922A1 (en) * 1985-06-19 1986-12-30 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Core cooling installation for a nuclear reactor
US4656713A (en) * 1985-10-24 1987-04-14 Ap Industries, Inc. Method for forming an air gap pipe
US5131456A (en) * 1991-07-01 1992-07-21 Ibm Corporation Bimetallic insert fin for high conduction cooling structure
US5535815A (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-07-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Package-interface thermal switch
US6431258B1 (en) * 1997-07-04 2002-08-13 Tokyo Electron Limited Process solution supplying apparatus
US6131646A (en) * 1998-01-19 2000-10-17 Trw Inc. Heat conductive interface material
US20030159815A1 (en) * 2000-03-31 2003-08-28 Wilson Alexandria Bruce Heat exchanger
US6840309B2 (en) * 2000-03-31 2005-01-11 Innogy Plc Heat exchanger
US20040125906A1 (en) * 2002-11-09 2004-07-01 Gnb Gesellschaft Fur Nuklear-Behalter Mbh Container for heat-generating radioactive elements
US7325772B1 (en) 2003-09-04 2008-02-05 L-3 Communications Corporation Aircraft heat sink and electronics enclosure
US20100226471A1 (en) * 2007-04-16 2010-09-09 Del Nova Vis S.R.L. System for evacuating the residual heat from a liquid metal or molten salts cooled nuclear reactor
WO2008125963A2 (en) * 2007-04-16 2008-10-23 Del Nova Vis S.R.L. System for evacuating the residual heat from a liquid metal or molten salts cooled nuclear reactor
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BE669258A (en) 1966-03-07
DE1501512A1 (en) 1969-10-30
NL6611498A (en) 1967-03-07
LU51840A1 (en) 1966-10-29

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