US3437036A - Hollow charge for land mines - Google Patents

Hollow charge for land mines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3437036A
US3437036A US629714A US3437036DA US3437036A US 3437036 A US3437036 A US 3437036A US 629714 A US629714 A US 629714A US 3437036D A US3437036D A US 3437036DA US 3437036 A US3437036 A US 3437036A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
insert
hollow charge
charge
explosive
hollow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US629714A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roland Franzen
Paul Sindermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diehl Verwaltungs Stiftung
Original Assignee
Diehl GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diehl GmbH and Co filed Critical Diehl GmbH and Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3437036A publication Critical patent/US3437036A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B23/00—Land mines ; Land torpedoes
    • F42B23/04—Land mines ; Land torpedoes anti-vehicle, e.g. anti-aircraft or anti tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B1/00—Explosive charges characterised by form or shape but not dependent on shape of container
    • F42B1/02—Shaped or hollow charges
    • F42B1/036—Manufacturing processes therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a hollow charge for land mines with an upwardlly directed effect for fighting movable targets with limited bottom armament in which the ratio of the wall thickness of the elfective explosive layer on the inside of the housing of the mine to the wall thickness of a conical insert extending into the explosive layer is at least over the major portion of the conical wall surface of said insert approximately constant.
  • the present invention concerns land mines with upwardly directed hollow charge effect for destroying movable targets with limited bottom armament.
  • Mines which consist of a relatively large explosive charge and are placed into the roads or the terrain and which solely on the basis of their bursting and splintering effect damage movable targets from below or from the side, in which instances the damage to the armament of the armored vehicles was only sufficient to immobilize the vehicle.
  • mines which are adapted by means of a hollow charge to pierce the armament.
  • hollow charge magnetic mines which are manually attached to a vehicle, there has also become known a land mine with an upwardly directed hollow charge which from a certain depth attacks the vehicle moving thereover while the cover layer above the hollow charge is blown off for instance by a propellant charge prior to detonating the hollow charge, i.e. prior to the hollow charge becoming elfective.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a hollow charge for a lighter land mine which with vehicles having a relatively limited bottom armament will be able not only to produce a hole in said armament but will also impart energy to a pushrod representing a hollow charge insert, which energy will behind the armament give the pushrod over a relatively large distance a bursting as well as a burning effect.
  • the ratio of the cover to the insert wall thickness may amount to approximately 3 x (1 /0
  • a material for the insert as for instance a zinc kneading alloy, with a density of 5.0 (g./cm. and an explosive with a density of approximately 1.7 (g./cm a ratio will be obtained of thickness of explosive cover:insert wall thicknessz9.
  • the hollow charge insert When the charge is cylindrical within the range of the hollow charge insert, it has proved advantageous so to design the hollow charge insert that it increases primarily linearly in thickness from the marginal portion toward the center.
  • the mentioned ratio of the explosive cover to the insert wall thickness is most effective when the explosive cover in the remaining portion of the charge is approximately semispherical.
  • an explosive filling 3 is provided between a conical hollow charge insert 2 and the mantle or wall 1.
  • the hollow charge insert 2 which consists of a material generally employed for hollow charge inserts, as for instance copper, a zinc alloy, or the like, increases linearly in wall thickness from the marginal area toward the center.
  • an insert material which has a density of 5 gr./cm. and that an explosive is employed with a density of 1.7 (gr./cm.
  • the opening angle of the hollow charge insert 2 is approximately The conical angle toward the explosive cover 3 is accordingly smaller, for instance 82.
  • the rear tip 4 of the insert 2 may be cut olf and replaced by a cone of inert material, as for instance polyethylene.
  • the hollow charge insert 2 is centrically journalled in the housing wall 1 by means of a ring 5 and is connected to the housing wall 1.
  • a wall 6 arranged adjacent to the explosive filling 3 and forming a part of ring 5 while serving as base compacting means extends approximately at a right angle with regard to the outer wall of the insert cone 2.
  • Ring 5 may consist for instance of aluminum.
  • the lower portion of the housing wall 1 ends in a threaded neck 7 in which a transfer charge 8 is located which precedes the explosive filling.
  • This transfer charge *8 consists for instance of a pressed tablet of nitropenta.
  • a bell-shaped screw connection 9 of neck 7 is provided with a centric focusing device 10 for the ignition jet.
  • the central axis of said focusing device is located in the axis of symmetry of the hollow charge 2, 3 or transfer charge 9.
  • an electric detonator cap 11 In front of the focusing device 10 there is provided an electric detonator cap 11.
  • the design of the hollow charge 3 as mentioned above and of its insert 2 brings about that during the ignition a considerable portion of the insert 2 is deformed to a particularly energy-rich pushrod.
  • the insert now becomes a relatively short thick hollow charge jet.
  • This hollow charge jet produces a hole in the armament and permits the pushrod without material loss in energy" to pass behind the armament, namely into the interior of the vehicle.
  • a hollow charge jet designed in this way also retains its effectiveness over different distances.
  • Tests with the described mine construction have shown that for instance with a charge caliber of 56 mm. and a blasting distance of the size of five times the diameter of insert 2, i.e. 22.0 mm., with a steel armor plate of 20 mm., a projectile inlet diameter of 9 mm., a projectile outlet diameter of 9 mm., and a chip plate of 20 mm. were obtained.
  • a Dural plate placed at a distance of 800 mm. and having a thickness of 2 mm. showed a piercing opening of 100 x 80 mm.
  • Dural plate placed at a further distance of 1600 mm. showed still perforations of a diameter of from 3 to 5 mm. in a field of 200 x 150 mm.
  • the 20' mm. steel armor plate showed a shooting-in diameter of 8 mmand a shooting-out diameter of 10 mm. but no chipping.
  • the first 2 mm. Dural plate at a distance of 800 mm. behind the armored plate shows a perforation diameter of 100 mm.
  • the second 2 mm. Dural plate located 1600 mm. behind the first plate shows perforations with a diameter of from 3 to 5 mm. in a field of 220 x 120 mm.
  • ammunition is introduced into the center between the 20 mm. armored plate and the first Dural plate, said ammunition is instantaneously burned off or brought to a detonation depending on whether the projectiles or the propellant charge sleeves are hit by the jet.
  • the Dural plate placed therebehind was pierced by portions of the pushrod as well as by splinters of the hit ammunition.
  • the above described explosive covering of for instance nine times the insert wall thickness represents the optimum in effectiveness at a minimum of hollow charge dimensions and consumption of explosives in case the materials listed by way of example are employed as explosive for the insert.
  • An extension of the explosive container toward the rear or downwardly, for instance in the form of a cylinder, does not bring about any material changes of the hollow charge effect, i.e. of the blasting and burning effect of the pushrod.
  • a hollow charge built up in the above mentioned manner is suitable for an installation in a corresponding mine system.
  • a hollow charge for land mines with an upwardly directed effect for fighting movable targets with limited bottom armament which includes: housing means, an explosive layer arranged within said housing means and having its outer side confined by said housing means, and a conical hollow charge insert confining said explosive layer at the inner side thereof, the wall thickness of said hollow charge insert increasing from its marginal area toward its central portion primarily in a linear manner, the ratio of the wall thickness of the effective explosive layer to the wall thickness of the conical insert with both thicknesses measured along lines at least approximately perpendicular to the inner surface of said insert being approximately constant over at least the major range of the conical wall surface of said hollow charge insert.
  • a hollow charge according to claim '1 in which the explosive layer has a density of 0' and in which the conical insert has a density of 1 the ratio of the thickness of the explosive layer to the Wall thickness of said insert equalling approximately three times 0 /0 3.
  • a hollow charge according to claim 4 in which the opening angle of the hollow charge insert amounts to approximately 6.
  • a hollow charge according to claim 1 which includes ring means inserted into the upper portion of said housing means and engaging the upper marginal portion of said insert while centering the latter, said ring means 6 11/1965 Paul et a1. 102'24 2/1967 Venghiattis 10224 2/1967 Thomanek 10'2-8 X FOREIGN PATENTS 8/1966 Switzerland.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
US629714A 1966-04-20 1967-04-10 Hollow charge for land mines Expired - Lifetime US3437036A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED0049898 1966-04-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3437036A true US3437036A (en) 1969-04-08

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ID=7052241

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US629714A Expired - Lifetime US3437036A (en) 1966-04-20 1967-04-10 Hollow charge for land mines

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3437036A (2)
BE (1) BE697205A (2)
CH (1) CH475543A (2)
GB (1) GB1173789A (2)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3613582A (en) * 1967-10-19 1971-10-19 Reijo Levamaki Hollow charge having a directed explosive effect
US3662684A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-05-16 Ferges De Zeebrugge Sa Hollow charge warhead
US3732816A (en) * 1969-09-17 1973-05-15 Rheinmetall Gmbh Hollow charge with an insert of progressive or degressive wall
US3937143A (en) * 1968-08-28 1976-02-10 Wasag-Chemie Gmbh Device for point ignition of a charge
US3973498A (en) * 1973-05-28 1976-08-10 Nitro-Nobel A.B. Initiation device for explosive charge
US4594947A (en) * 1983-07-28 1986-06-17 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for shaping a detonation wave
US4729318A (en) * 1987-03-12 1988-03-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Explosive plane-wave lens
US4809613A (en) * 1986-10-17 1989-03-07 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Casing for an explosive charge
US4951572A (en) * 1989-01-19 1990-08-28 Rheinmetall Gmbh Warhead with device for fastening the liner of a charge to the casing
US5033387A (en) * 1981-11-07 1991-07-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Explosive charge facing
US5251561A (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-10-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Open apex shaped charge-type explosive device having special disc means with slide surface thereon to influence movement of open apex shaped charge liner during collapse of same during detonation
US5259317A (en) * 1983-11-12 1993-11-09 Rheinmetall Gmbh Hollow charge with detonation wave guide
EP1363103A1 (fr) * 2002-05-16 2003-11-19 Giat Industries Charge formée et procédé de montage d'une telle charge formée
US6910421B1 (en) * 1992-12-08 2005-06-28 Bae Systems Plc General purpose bombs
US6983698B1 (en) * 2003-04-24 2006-01-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Shaped charge explosive device and method of making same
US20080282924A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-11-20 Richard Saenger Shaped Charge and a Perforating Gun
US20080289529A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2008-11-27 Tech Energetics, Inc. A New Mexico Corporation Apparatus for penetrating a target and achieving beyond-penetration results
US20150083009A1 (en) * 2013-02-04 2015-03-26 Babcock And Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc Explosive bulk charge
US9702669B1 (en) * 1985-02-01 2017-07-11 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge
US10683735B1 (en) * 2019-05-01 2020-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Particulate-filled adaptive capsule (PAC) charge

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH654104A5 (fr) * 1983-10-04 1986-01-31 Brind Anstalt Ind Ensemble explosif hybride.
GB2169690B (en) * 1984-11-23 1989-01-11 Du Pont Canada Method for severing an elongate article

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2656792A (en) * 1948-02-05 1953-10-27 Brandt Edgar Ets Antitank mines
US3034393A (en) * 1959-06-01 1962-05-15 Aerojet General Co Method for producing a shaped charge
US3077834A (en) * 1958-07-14 1963-02-19 Jet Res Ct Inc Lined shaped explosive charge and liner therefor
US3216354A (en) * 1952-07-10 1965-11-09 Marshall P Bearce Land mine
US3217650A (en) * 1952-02-28 1965-11-16 Martin A Paul Offset liner for a cavity charge projectile
CH406905A (de) * 1962-01-19 1966-01-31 Diehl Fa Patrone für Automatenwaffen
US3302567A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-02-07 Dresser Ind Shaped-charge booster
US3304864A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-02-21 Thomanek Franz Rudolf Apparatus for firing an anti-vehicle ground-to-ground armor piercing explosive charge

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2656792A (en) * 1948-02-05 1953-10-27 Brandt Edgar Ets Antitank mines
US3217650A (en) * 1952-02-28 1965-11-16 Martin A Paul Offset liner for a cavity charge projectile
US3216354A (en) * 1952-07-10 1965-11-09 Marshall P Bearce Land mine
US3077834A (en) * 1958-07-14 1963-02-19 Jet Res Ct Inc Lined shaped explosive charge and liner therefor
US3034393A (en) * 1959-06-01 1962-05-15 Aerojet General Co Method for producing a shaped charge
CH406905A (de) * 1962-01-19 1966-01-31 Diehl Fa Patrone für Automatenwaffen
US3304864A (en) * 1962-10-04 1967-02-21 Thomanek Franz Rudolf Apparatus for firing an anti-vehicle ground-to-ground armor piercing explosive charge
US3302567A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-02-07 Dresser Ind Shaped-charge booster

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3613582A (en) * 1967-10-19 1971-10-19 Reijo Levamaki Hollow charge having a directed explosive effect
US3937143A (en) * 1968-08-28 1976-02-10 Wasag-Chemie Gmbh Device for point ignition of a charge
US3732816A (en) * 1969-09-17 1973-05-15 Rheinmetall Gmbh Hollow charge with an insert of progressive or degressive wall
US3662684A (en) * 1969-10-27 1972-05-16 Ferges De Zeebrugge Sa Hollow charge warhead
US3973498A (en) * 1973-05-28 1976-08-10 Nitro-Nobel A.B. Initiation device for explosive charge
US5033387A (en) * 1981-11-07 1991-07-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Explosive charge facing
US4594947A (en) * 1983-07-28 1986-06-17 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Apparatus for shaping a detonation wave
US5259317A (en) * 1983-11-12 1993-11-09 Rheinmetall Gmbh Hollow charge with detonation wave guide
US9702669B1 (en) * 1985-02-01 2017-07-11 Qinetiq Limited Shaped charge
US4809613A (en) * 1986-10-17 1989-03-07 Diehl Gmbh & Co. Casing for an explosive charge
US4729318A (en) * 1987-03-12 1988-03-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Explosive plane-wave lens
US4951572A (en) * 1989-01-19 1990-08-28 Rheinmetall Gmbh Warhead with device for fastening the liner of a charge to the casing
US5251561A (en) * 1992-06-11 1993-10-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Open apex shaped charge-type explosive device having special disc means with slide surface thereon to influence movement of open apex shaped charge liner during collapse of same during detonation
US6910421B1 (en) * 1992-12-08 2005-06-28 Bae Systems Plc General purpose bombs
FR2839777A1 (fr) * 2002-05-16 2003-11-21 Giat Ind Sa Charge formee et procede de montage d'une telle charge formee
EP1363103A1 (fr) * 2002-05-16 2003-11-19 Giat Industries Charge formée et procédé de montage d'une telle charge formée
US6983698B1 (en) * 2003-04-24 2006-01-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Shaped charge explosive device and method of making same
US20080289529A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2008-11-27 Tech Energetics, Inc. A New Mexico Corporation Apparatus for penetrating a target and achieving beyond-penetration results
US20080282924A1 (en) * 2006-10-31 2008-11-20 Richard Saenger Shaped Charge and a Perforating Gun
US7819064B2 (en) * 2006-10-31 2010-10-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Shaped charge and a perforating gun
US20150083009A1 (en) * 2013-02-04 2015-03-26 Babcock And Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc Explosive bulk charge
US9010249B2 (en) * 2013-02-04 2015-04-21 Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC Explosive bulk charge
US10683735B1 (en) * 2019-05-01 2020-06-16 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Particulate-filled adaptive capsule (PAC) charge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1173789A (en) 1969-12-10
BE697205A (2) 1967-10-02
DE1578100A1 (de) 1970-12-23
CH475543A (de) 1969-07-15

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