US3436959A - Method and penetrant for flaw detection - Google Patents
Method and penetrant for flaw detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3436959A US3436959A US510362A US3436959DA US3436959A US 3436959 A US3436959 A US 3436959A US 510362 A US510362 A US 510362A US 3436959D A US3436959D A US 3436959DA US 3436959 A US3436959 A US 3436959A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- penetrant
- flaws
- solid
- benzene
- dye
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/91—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination using penetration of dyes, e.g. fluorescent ink
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S252/00—Compositions
- Y10S252/96—Surface flaw detecting compositions
Definitions
- 73-104 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE 'Penetrant composition for application and entry into flaws in solid surfaces comprising monoalkyl benzene in which the alkyl group contains from 10 to 16 carbon atoms and a dye contained in the alkyl benzene to render detectable monoalkyl benzene located in said flaws.
- This invention relates generally to improvements in the art of detecting flaws in solid surfaces, and is directed particularly to discoveries that have led to new penetrant compositions with superior functional properties and advantages for detection of flaws resulting from such conditions as excessive stressing of parts, corrosion, metal fatigue and the like.
- penetrants have heretofore been used to locate flaws or discontinuities in metallic and nonmetallic surfaces.
- the usual method of application is to apply the penetrant to the surface and after a suitable time the excess penetrant is removed by washing with a suitable solvent system or mechanically by wiping with a cloth or other absorbent material; Any flaw is subsequently revealed by a seepage of the penetrant from the crevice or cavity.
- Various agents have been added to the penetrant to increase the visibility of the seepage. These include ordinarily visible dyes, fluorescent dyes. Absorbent powders are often applied to the surface of the article to absorb some of the dye and thus to increase the visibility of the flaw.
- the solution should have very little toxicity; it must not be too viscous or too fluid; it must dissolve sufficient dyestulf to perform well; it should have a high flash point and additionally be of low volatility; it should be stable to oxidation and photochemical decomposition; it should be non-corrosive with respect to the various surfaces to which it may be applied.
- the present invention is predicated upon the discovery that a group of homologous organic liquids uniquely satisfy the criteria established for satisfactory performance of dye penetrant compositions.
- These are the monoalkylbenzenes in which the alkyl group has between 10 and 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and may be represented by where in has a value between 10 and 16 inclusive.
- the arrangement of the carbon atoms in the side chain may be variable, but the preferred configuration is where the carbon atoms are arranged in a linear configuration with the benzene nucleus attached at or near the end of the carbon chain.
- the color component may be any suitable and preferably soluble dye in either the ordinarily visible or fluorescent categories, capable in minor percentage content of displaying distinct color contrast with the solid surface to which it is applied or with a developer applied to said surface.
- suitable and preferably soluble dye in either the ordinarily visible or fluorescent categories, capable in minor percentage content of displaying distinct color contrast with the solid surface to which it is applied or with a developer applied to said surface.
- Such dyes are well known in the flaw detection art.
- the invetion While capable of use for the detection of flaws in solid surfaces generally, the invetion has its principal usage for fiow detection in any of various metals and alloys. Accordingly it may most usually be desirable for the alkyl benzene to contain a minor percentage of either or both oxidation and corrosion inhibitors, that may be selected, as known in the prior art, according to the metallic surface being treated and related conditions.
- Such antioxidants soluble in the alkyl benzene may include any of the commonly employed hydrocarbon antioxidants generally used by the petroleum industry, examples of which may be pyrocatechol, N-butylated-p-aminophenol, 2,6-ditert.butyl-p-cresol, N,N-di-sec.butyl-p-phenylenediamine, butylated hydroxyanisole, etc.
- Typical materials are monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, Z-amino-l-butanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol, iso-butylamine benzoate, sodium naphthenates, mercaptobenzothiazole, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, diethylamine ethoxyethanol, 1(2- hydroxyethyl)-2-heptadecenyl-2-imidazoline, octylphosphonic acid and its amine salts.
- the physical steps and operations employed in a practice of the invention may follow known techniques, see e.g. the Sockman and Brady U.S. Patent No. 2,667,070.
- the penetrant is applied, heated or unheated, to the heated or unheated metal surface to cause effective penetration of any flaws present. Thereafter the penetrant is removed from the general surface area so that penetrant to exude from the flaws becomes visible in color contrast with the surface metal.
- cleaning of the surface is followed by application of so-called developer, e.g. powdered or other absorbent coating to the surface area to be investigated. Withdrawal of dyed penetrant from the flaws into the absorbent enables the latter to display the location, shape and extent of the flaws.
- Methyl Violet Base A Color Index Solvent Violet
- suitable propellant such as selected Freons, or normally gaseous hydrocarbons where use conditions permit.
- the penetrant will be composed of the alkyl benzenes with dissolved dye and either or both oxidation and corrosion inhibitor.
- flaws is intended to be inclusive of any of such surface defects as cracks, crevices, cavities, pits and the like, which permit entry of an indicator penetrant.
- Penetrant composition for application and entry into flaws in solid surfaces consisting essentially of monoalkyl benzene in which the alkyl group contains from 10 to 16 carbon atoms, and an indicating amount of a dye contained in the alkyl benzene.
- Penetrant composition according to claim 1 containing also a corrosion inhibting amount of a metal corrosion inhibitor.
- Penetrant composition according to claim 2 in which the dye and corrosion inhibitor are dissolved in the alkyl benzene.
- Penetrant composition according to claim 1 in which the alkyl benzene is essentially dodecyl benzene.
- Penetrant composition according to claim 3 in which the alkyl benzene is essentially dodecyl benzene.
- the method of detecting crevice-like flaws in a solid surface comprises applying to said surface and into the flaws monoalkyl benzene in which the alkyl group References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,340,940 2/ 1944 De Forest 73-104 2,420,646 5/1947 Bloom et al. 73-104 2,667,070 1/1954 Stockman et al. 73-104 3,028,338 4/1962 Parker 252301.2
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US51036265A | 1965-11-29 | 1965-11-29 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3436959A true US3436959A (en) | 1969-04-08 |
Family
ID=24030439
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US510362A Expired - Lifetime US3436959A (en) | 1965-11-29 | 1965-11-29 | Method and penetrant for flaw detection |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3436959A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4887888A (en) * | 1972-02-21 | 1973-11-17 | ||
US3978717A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1976-09-07 | Alburger James R | Inhibited pre-wash stripper composition for water-washable inspection penetrants |
US4377492A (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1983-03-22 | Purex Corporation | Post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2340940A (en) * | 1942-11-02 | 1944-02-08 | Magnaflux Corp | Method of testing rigid articles for flaws |
US2420646A (en) * | 1947-05-20 | Method of detecting flaws in metal | ||
US2667070A (en) * | 1949-03-26 | 1954-01-26 | Northrop Aircraft Inc | Dye solution flaw inspection method |
US3028338A (en) * | 1958-11-07 | 1962-04-03 | Switzer Brothers | Composition for detecting surface discontinuities |
-
1965
- 1965-11-29 US US510362A patent/US3436959A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2420646A (en) * | 1947-05-20 | Method of detecting flaws in metal | ||
US2340940A (en) * | 1942-11-02 | 1944-02-08 | Magnaflux Corp | Method of testing rigid articles for flaws |
US2667070A (en) * | 1949-03-26 | 1954-01-26 | Northrop Aircraft Inc | Dye solution flaw inspection method |
US3028338A (en) * | 1958-11-07 | 1962-04-03 | Switzer Brothers | Composition for detecting surface discontinuities |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS4887888A (en) * | 1972-02-21 | 1973-11-17 | ||
US3978717A (en) * | 1975-01-13 | 1976-09-07 | Alburger James R | Inhibited pre-wash stripper composition for water-washable inspection penetrants |
US4377492A (en) * | 1980-09-08 | 1983-03-22 | Purex Corporation | Post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TP INDUSTRIAL, INC. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:PUREX CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004561/0588 Effective date: 19860418 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: TURCO PRODUCTS, INC., CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:TP INDUSTRIAL, INC., A CORP OF CA.;REEL/FRAME:004561/0581 Effective date: 19860603 Owner name: PUREX CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:PUREX CORPORATION, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:004561/0586 Effective date: 19851211 Owner name: TURCO PRODUCTS, INC., 5101 CLARK AVENUE, LAKEWOOD, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:TP INDUSTRIAL, INC., A CORP OF CA.;REEL/FRAME:004561/0581 Effective date: 19860603 |