US3436798A - Treatment of continuous multifilament threads and relative threads having a controllably labile cohesion - Google Patents

Treatment of continuous multifilament threads and relative threads having a controllably labile cohesion Download PDF

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Publication number
US3436798A
US3436798A US585358A US3436798DA US3436798A US 3436798 A US3436798 A US 3436798A US 585358 A US585358 A US 585358A US 3436798D A US3436798D A US 3436798DA US 3436798 A US3436798 A US 3436798A
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cohesion
yarn
threads
filaments
jet
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US585358A
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Domenico Nicita
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SNIA Viscosa SpA
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SNIA Viscosa SpA
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/08—Interlacing constituent filaments without breakage thereof, e.g. by use of turbulent air streams

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • This invention relates to an improvement in man-made and synthetic threads formed by a plurality of continuous monofilaments, and, more particularly, this invention relates to an improvement in the treatment of threads, intended to achieve a substantial cohesion among the individual components so as to improve the textile workability thereof.
  • This invention also includes the articles of manufacture which can be obtained with the improved process and, more particularly, continuous multifilamentary yarns, both man-made and synthetic, having substantial cohesion features, as will be set forth in more detail hereinafter.
  • the degree of cohesion is generally determined by the artificial formation of so-called false knots or pseudoknots which can be ascertained by causing a needle or a hook to be slid along the cohered yarn, or between the monofilaments which compose it, and noting the average number of times that the needle is arrested in its sliding motion within a unitary span, for example one meter.
  • said stops or hindrances to the hook motion are atent O due to the fact that the filaments, which are more or less ravelled, due to the effect of the treatment, give rise to knotted spots.
  • the degree of cohesion (which is expressed, as a general rule, by the number of pseudo-knots formed within a span of one meter of yarn) which is necessary for the textile operations, is different according to the individual textile operations and, more particularly, while for picking or shuttle weaving non-cohered or slightly cohered yarns can be used, the degree of cohesion should be higher for obtaining a good warp setting.
  • the inventive improvement thus has for its object the end production of a composite yarn endowed with the above listed properties.
  • yarns can be profitably and advantageously used in textile operations, whose degree of cohesion can be expressed, for example, by the number of pseudo-knots per lineal meter (or other length unit), with two numerical values, both corresponding to the number of pseudo-knots per unit length, but determined on at least two yarns which have undergone very much the same cohering operations, but either of which has also undergone a certain mechanical stress in correlation to the stresses or to the actions and treatments normally undergone by such yarns when they are subsequently employed in the production of fabrics.
  • standard conditions of mechanical treatment, or of non-mechanical treatment can be set, correlated to the effect induced by the weaving operations and, typically, to those operations which are conducive to the formation of the warp and of the weft, respectively.
  • These standard conditions may correspond, for example, to one or more passes of labile-cohesion yarns through thread-guides or other surfaces having a preselected shape, at a predetermined speed, under a predetermined tension, while compelling the yarn to travel a predetermined path including a given number of deviations of preselected angular amplitude.
  • the degree of lability that is, the ability to lose said cohesion due to the effect of subsequent mechanical treatments, corresponding to determined standard rules.
  • This degree of lability can vary because of the different initial cohesions necessary to achieve the maximum degree of residual cohesion which can be tolerated or is desirable in the yarn forming the fabric; said degree can also be desirably nil.
  • the case can be contemplated in which a strong initial cohesion is required, accompanied, however, by a high degree of lability (that is to say, said strong initial cohesion can be annulled or greatly reduced under a limited mechanical stress) or, conversely, the yarn may have a relatively limited initial cohesion, but should retain this cohesion or, at least, resist a comparatively intensive mechanical treatment.
  • yarns produced according to the invention exhibit a predetermined degree of initial cohesion along with a predetermined lability rating of said cohesion, expressed in terms of a mechanical standard treatment or of a sequence of such treatments.
  • the invention comprises means and conditions for determination of both said characteristics, within limits and tolerances which are acceptable for commercial use of the yarns.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view, in diagrammatic form, showing means for practicing the invention and how it is practiced, and
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in diagrammatic and highly exaggerated form, a yarn staple having a labile cohesion imparted by using said means.
  • the inventive apparatus includes means for guidedly feeding a non-cohered yarn A comprising a plurality of substantially parallel continuous monofilaments, said yarn being non-twisted or only slightly twisted.
  • Said feeding means can comprise thread guides 10 and 11, separated by a preselected gap I and defining, with their connecting line, a predetermined rectilinear path or trajectory P.
  • a nozzle 12 is located, which is adapted to throw a jet of a gas, at a determined speed V, intersecting said path P as well as the back of a member, for example an essentially rod-like member 1 arranged at right angles with respect to said path P, opposite to the nozzle 12.
  • the member 14 has a convex surface 13 spaced a certain distance F from the rectilinear path P. This distance determines the curvature the yarn A can undergo under the action of the jet emitted by the nozzle 12.
  • the nozzle in turn, is spaced a predetermined distance D from said rectilinear path P, said path being obviously, a merely theoretical path.
  • the yarn A is caused to be advanced between the thread guides 10 and 11 along an axis XX intersecting the axis YY of the gas jet, said two axes defining a plane.
  • the convex surface 13 defines, in turn, With its top generating line, an axis ZZ which intersects at right angles the axis YY of the gas jet, the two axes YY and ZZ defining a second plane at right angles (or substantially so) to the plane defined by the axes XX and YY.
  • the convex surface 13 can be assumed as coinciding with a line lying on a plane at right angles with the plane on which the yarn is caused to advance. Actually, said surface can be assimilated to an elongate area which is extremely narrow.
  • the effective width of said restricted area is a function of the radius of curvature of the convex surface 13.
  • the jet emitted by the nozzle 12 can be regarded in turn, as being braked exclusively by two members which are essentially bi-dimensional also, that is by the yarn A lying in the plane XX-YY and by the convex surface 13, lying in the plane YY-ZZ, said essentially bi-dimensional members intersecting one another on the axis YY of said jet.
  • the threads which are at a discrete distance from said point of intersection can be considered practically as being undisturbed since the disturbing effects due to the physical presence of the rod-like member 14, which has necessarily a certain transverse size, have no influence on the device since the disturbing action takes place downstream of the environment in which said jet acts upon the yarn A and on the back portion of the convex surface 13.
  • the geometrical configuration of the cross-section of the member 14 is immaterial providing that said member has a convex surface confronting the jet and intended to come into contact with the yarn.
  • Said device has substantial differences over the known means, used or suggested and disclosed in the pertinent technical and patent literature, in that said means, when using gaseous streams or jets which intersect or are intended to impinge on a multifilamentary yarn and are operated against surfaces shaped in any way, require, always and in any case, that these surfaces extend in both directions in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the jet.
  • the conventional means provide in any case that at least a part of the components of the yarn be struck by fluid streams having different velocities and/or at least two different directions generally opposed to one another or, at least, strongly contrasting.
  • the filaments of the yarn A are struck by gaseous streams which are parallel or virtually parallel to the axis of the jet, and said streams are deflected exclusively in the plane XXYY which contains said yarn. Furthermore, said deflection takes place in practice downstream of the yarn, that is upon completion of the action of the jet on said filaments. It can thus be assumed that the predominant deflecting action exerted by the jet on the filaments takes place in the plane YY-ZZ and in the direction defined by the axis YY.
  • the components of the yarn are of extremely tiny size, a size which is in the order of very, very few microns, since, in general yarns ranging from 15 to 2,100 deniers are involved, and from 1.5 to deniers per monofilament, and comprising a high number of monofilaments, in general from 3 to 68 monofilaments.
  • the air or other gases emitted from nozzle 12 are under relatively low pressure, generally ranging from 1.5 and 2.5 kgs./ sq. cm. Hence, the velocity of the gaseous particles is relatively low. Considering the specific gravity of air at room temperature and the very tiny transverse dimensions of the filaments, the result is that the conditions of resistance to the jet are of a mainly viscous character, for the monofilaments, on account of the very low Reynolds number, do not in themselves offer much resistance.
  • the gap I between the thread-guides 1t ⁇ and 11 which defines the free path of the yarn under the section of the jet and against the convex surface 13. (The gap preferably ranges from 20 to 60 mms.).
  • the distance F between the theoretical rectilinear path P and the convex surface 13, that is the sag undergone by the yarn under the action of the jet a distance which preferably ranges from 1 to 5 mms.
  • the radius of curvature ranging from 0.5 to 10 mms., and the geometrical configuration of the cross-sec tion of the convex surface 13, in its area which influences the jet and the movement of the filaments, under the action of the jet, preferably between and 600 meters/ minute.
  • the overall tension to which the yarn is subjected during its advance a tension which can be expressed in terms of counter-tension or resistance encountered by the yarn as it enters the apparatus, and which is preferably not less than 10 grammes.
  • the measurements of the initial cohesion degree and of the cohesion after a standard treatment were made under conventional conditions and precisely by causing a thin hook inserted between the filaments and loaded by a weight proportional to the denier count of the individual filaments, preferably 1 grm./denier, to slide in vertically suspended yarn.
  • the degree of cohesion is calculated by taking into account the average distances travelled by said hook before it is stopped due to the formation of a ravelling or to a superimposition of filaments which cannot be unravelled with the aid of the weight of the hook.
  • Example I A nylon-6 yarn comprising 18 filaments and having an overall denier count of 60 deniers (thus formed by individual 3.3-denier filaments), practically untwisted, has been treated under the following conditions:
  • the cohered thread was used for the formation of a satin type fabric for linings, under said standard conditions.
  • a sample of the cloth piece was undone after having been scoured.
  • the warp threads exhibited no pseudo-knots and the weft threads exhibited an average value of 0.24 pseudo-knots.
  • the warp threads had no pseudo-knots, the weft threads had 1.6 pseudoknots per lineal meter.
  • Example II A nylon-66 thread formed by 28 filaments and having an overall denier count of (thus formed of individual filaments of about 3.5 deniers each) and practically untwisted, has been treated under the following conditions:
  • a nozzle having a circular cross-section of 1 mm. diameter, with its axis intersecting the line P and the center of the convex surface 13 at a distance of 1 mm. therefrom, a jet of air being projected against said yarn under a pressure of 2 atmospheres and with a rate of flow of 1.36 cu. meters an hour.
  • the cohesion of said thread was measured and the degree of initial cohesion was found to be 18 pseudo-knots per linear meter.
  • the cohered thread was used for the formation of a satin-type fabric under standard conditions. A sample of the fabric was subjected to scouring and dyeing treatment, whereafter it was undone. The warp threads had 0.1 pseudo-knot and the weft threads had 3 pseudoknots per linear meter.
  • a process for producing a multifilament synthetic yarn having the filaments adhered to one another in such labile fashion that when subsequently subjected to a weaving operation, the cohesion of the individual filaments to one another will be materially reduced or eliminated entirely which comprises advancing a yarn, having at least three filaments, each having a denier count between 1.5 and 20 deniers, along a path defined by aligned spaced guiding means and in front of a convex surface whose generatrix extends at a right angle to the direction of said path,
  • the radius of curvature of said surface being between 0.5 and 10 mms.
  • said guiding means being spaced between 20 and 60 mms. from one another along said path,
  • the distance of said path from said convex surface being between 1 and 5 mms., said gaseous jet being emitted from a nozzle under a pressure between 1.5 and 2.5 kgs./sq. cm., and said yarn being advanced along said path at a speed between 100 and 600 meters/minute under an overall tension ranging from 10 to 20 grams.
  • a stationary member having a convex surface supported in spaced relation to and at one side of the path of travel of the filaments from one guide member to the other,
  • a nozzle disposed at the opposite side of said path and connected to a source of pressurized gaseous medium to blow said gaseous medium against the filaments and toward said convex surface as the filaments travel from one guide member to the other,
  • said nozzle means having a bore the axis of which speed between 100 and 600 meters/minute under an intersects essentially at right angles both said path overall tension ranging from 10 to 30 grams. and said convex surface, whereby said gaseous medium is blown at right angles to said path and to References Cited sald Surface, 5 UNITED STATES PATENTS said surface being disposed at a distance between 1 and 5 rnms.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
US585358A 1965-10-09 1966-10-10 Treatment of continuous multifilament threads and relative threads having a controllably labile cohesion Expired - Lifetime US3436798A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3535755A (en) * 1968-01-05 1970-10-27 Eastman Kodak Co Textile apparatus
US5079813A (en) * 1990-02-21 1992-01-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Interlacing apparatus
US5423859A (en) * 1991-11-13 1995-06-13 United States Surgical Corporation Jet entangled suture yarn and method for making same

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238590A (en) * 1962-02-19 1966-03-08 Snia Viscosa Method and apparatus for interlacing synthetic filaments
US3262179A (en) * 1964-12-01 1966-07-26 Du Pont Apparatus for interlacing multifilament yarn

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238590A (en) * 1962-02-19 1966-03-08 Snia Viscosa Method and apparatus for interlacing synthetic filaments
US3262179A (en) * 1964-12-01 1966-07-26 Du Pont Apparatus for interlacing multifilament yarn

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3535755A (en) * 1968-01-05 1970-10-27 Eastman Kodak Co Textile apparatus
US5079813A (en) * 1990-02-21 1992-01-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Interlacing apparatus
US5423859A (en) * 1991-11-13 1995-06-13 United States Surgical Corporation Jet entangled suture yarn and method for making same

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Publication number Publication date
BE688035A (en)van) 1967-04-10
DE1660542A1 (de) 1971-04-29
ES332058A1 (es) 1967-10-01

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