US3434329A - Electrostrictive effect in a transducer for drawing wire,rod or tube - Google Patents

Electrostrictive effect in a transducer for drawing wire,rod or tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US3434329A
US3434329A US516478A US3434329DA US3434329A US 3434329 A US3434329 A US 3434329A US 516478 A US516478 A US 516478A US 3434329D A US3434329D A US 3434329DA US 3434329 A US3434329 A US 3434329A
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United States
Prior art keywords
die
transducer
ring member
annular
actuator
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US516478A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ralph W Goble
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Calumet and Hecla Inc
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Calumet and Hecla Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of US3434329A publication Critical patent/US3434329A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/02—Details
    • H03H9/05—Holders; Supports
    • H03H9/0504—Holders; Supports for bulk acoustic wave devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B21C1/006—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing using vibratory energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C3/00—Profiling tools for metal drawing; Combinations of dies and mandrels
    • B21C3/02—Dies; Selection of material therefor; Cleaning thereof
    • B21C3/12—Die holders; Rotating dies

Definitions

  • the structure includes an annular member for holding the drawing die, at least one radially polarized electromechanical transducer surrounding the annular drawing die holding member, means for energizing the electromechanical transducer at the predetermined frequency and means for supporting the annular member at a distance therefrom which is substantially a quarter wave length of the resonant frequency of the structure by means permitting radial expansion and contraction of the annular member.
  • a first annular ring, a second electromechanical transducer and a second annular ring may be provided radially outwardly of the annular drawing die holding member and first electromechanical transducer to increase the expanding and contracting force.
  • the invention relates to piezoelectric transducers and refers more specifically to holding structure for wire, rod or tube drawing dies or the like including radially polarized piezoelectric transducers for periodically radially expanding and contracting the die holding structure at the resonant frequency of the die holding structure on application of an alternating electric signal thereto, and a method of construction thereof.
  • Another object is to provide dieholding structure as set forth above and further including a second annular piezoelectric transducer polarized radially and opposite to the other piezoelectric transducer surrounding the inner ring member and an outer annular ring member surrounding the second piezoelectic transducer and electrically connected to the die actuator.
  • Another object is to provide die holding structure as set forth above including means for mounting the die 3,434,329 Patented Mar. 25, 1969 actuator at a nodal point with respect to the frequency of the die holding structure.
  • FIGURE 2 is an end view of the die holding structure illustrated in FIGURE 1 taken in the direction of arrow 2 in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 is a cross section vie-w of the die holding structure illustrated in FIGURES 1 and 2 taken substantially on the line 33 in FIGURE 2 and illustrating a source of alternating electric energy connected thereto and a part of a rod to be drawn in conjunction therewith.
  • the die holding structure 10 of the invention includes a die actuator 12 for receiving the drawing die 14 through which the rod 16 may be drawn to, for example, reduce the external diameter thereof.
  • the die holding structure 10 further includes the inner and outer annular ring members 13 and 20, respectively, and the inner and outer annular piezoelectric transducers 2'2 and 24.
  • a source of alternating electric energy 26 is electrically connected to the outer ring member 20 and the die actuator 12 at one terminal and to the inner ring member 18 at the other terminal.
  • a sonic frequency electric signal is applied to the piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24 to cause contraction and expansion of the annulus 28 of the die actuator 12 and produce a periodic radial compressing force on the die 14 through annulus 28 of the die actuator 12 at the resonant frequency of the die holding structure 1.0.
  • the compressing force applied at high frequency on the die 14 relieves the external friction between the die 14 and rod 16 to permit easier drawing of the rod 16.
  • the die actuator 12 includes an annulus portion 28 having the opening 30 extending there through which is tapered as shown in FIGURE 3 to receive the drawing die 14.
  • the die actuator 12 further includes the sleeve portion 32 having the longitudinally extending angularly separated slots 35 therein forming fingers 36 therebetween.
  • the sleeve 32 is connected to the collar portion 34 of the die actuator 12 as shown.
  • the collar 34 is provided to rigidly secure the die actuator 12 to a fixed support 38 as by means of the bolts 40.
  • the slots 35 and fingers 36 add flexibility to the die actuator 12 to permit easier radial contraction and expansion of the annulus 28 to produce periodic radial cornpression of the drawing die 14 positioned within the opening 30.
  • the annular piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24 are radially polarized oppositely so that the outer surface of the inner transducer 22 has the same polarity as the inner surface of the outer transducer 24.
  • the transducers 22 and 24 may be constructed of lead zirconate, barium titanate or other suitable piezoelectric transducer material capable of being formed into annular members of the required size and being polarized.
  • the transducers 22 and 24 are provided with an electro-deposited film of silver on the radially inner and outer surfaces as an electrode.
  • the piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24 are not strong in tension so that any attempt to compress a tube drawing die or the like directly with a transducer would result in mechanical failure of the transducer in tension.
  • the inner and outer ring members 18 and 20 are therefore carefully designed to preload the transducers 22 and 24 in compression, in which they are very strong, and to maintain a net compression in the transducers even during maximum output of the transducers.
  • the inner and outer ring members 18 and 20 serve as connecting points for applying electric energy to the piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24, this is not their prime function.
  • the size and thickness of the ring members 18 and 20 have a direct influence on the two fundamental resonant frequencies of the die holding structure 10.
  • the resonant frequencies of the die holding structure can be regulated.
  • the resonant frequencies of the individual piezoelectric tarnsducers 22 and 24 operating without load are not the same as the resonant frequencies of the die holding structure as a whole.
  • the transducers 22 and 24 are principally intended to provide a source of mechanical energy at the resonant frequency of the die holding structure as a whole.
  • one of the ways of determining proper coupling of the piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24 to the ring members 18 and and annulus 28 is to determine that neither of the two resonant frequencies of the individual piezoelectric transducers is detectable (by increased amplitude) in the die holding structure 10 after assembly.
  • the die holding structure 10 as a whole has two fundamental and predominate resonant frequencies; they are the hoop or ring mode and the thickness mode.
  • the hoop mode is a radial oscillation of the die holding structure 10 wherein the mean diameter of the ring members alternately grows and shrinks. Therefore, in the hoop mode of operation the inside and outside surfaces of the ring members are travelling in the same direction at the same time.
  • the thickness mode of operation of the die holding structure is indicated by an alternating change in the thickness dimension of the ring. In the thickness mode of operation the inside and outside surfaces of the rings are travelling in opposite directions at the same time.
  • the electrical conductor 52 is connected between the ring member 18 and the hot side of the source of alternating electric energy 26, as shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the electrical conductor 48 is connected between the outer ring member 20 and the electrical conductor 50, one end of which is connected to the die actuator 12 and the other end of which is grounded t complete a circuit through the electric energy source 26.
  • the inner ring member 18 is hot and is semi-protected so that it can be shielded from the operator with case.
  • thin piezoelectric elements can be driven at a much lower voltage, to achieve the same stress, then piezoelectric elements of thicker cross section.
  • the die holding structure 10 It is important in the die holding structure 10 that the annulus 28, ring member 18 and ring member 20 maintain tight engagement with the annular piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24 so that the annular piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24 are maintained in compression in the assembled die holder structure. To this end the die holder structure 10 is produced in a particular manner.
  • the outer ring member 20 is first heated in, for example an oven at 225 F. for one hour to expand the ring member and the outer annular piezoelectric transducer 24 is cooled by, for example being packed in Dry Ice for one hour.
  • the outer ring member and the outer transducer 24 are machined to provide a slip-fit with the temperature difference thus produced.
  • the outer transducer is then positioned within the outer ring member.
  • the sub-assembly consisting of the outer ring member 20 and the outer transducer 24 is then heated to produce expansion thereof and the inner ring member 18 is cooled to again provide a slip-fit and the ring member 18 is positioned within the outer transducer 24 as illustrated.
  • the sub-assembly so formed is then heated to produce expansion thereof and the inner transducer 22 is cooled to cause contraction of the transducer whereby a slip-fit is provided between the inner transducer 22 and the inner ring member 18.
  • the inner transducer 22 is then positioned in the inner ring member 18 as illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the sub-assembly so formed is then again heated while the die actuator 12 is cooled and the sub-assembly is positioned over the annulus 28 of the die actuator 12 as illustrated.
  • the piezoelectric transducers 22 and 24 will thus be in radial compression resulting primarily from the forces produced by the annulus 28 tending to expand radially outwardly and the annulus 20 tending to contract radially inwardly.
  • an electric signal at sonic frequency is generated by the signal generator 26 and passes through a circuit including the conductor 52, the inner ring member 18 and the outer piezoelectric transducer 24 toward the outer ring member 20 and the inner piezoelectric transducer 22 toward the die actuator 12 in parallel, through the conductors 48 and 50 and back to the hot side of the signal generator 26 through the ground connections.
  • an alternating electric signal is impressed on the opposite terminals of the radially polarized piezoelectric transducers to cause the die holding structure 10 to expand and contract radially at the resonant frequency thereof in accordance with the radial mode of operation of the die holding structure.
  • the die actuator annulus 2-8 is thus compressed radially periodically whereby the exterior friction between the tube 16 and the drawing die 14 is materially reduced to allow the rod 16 to be drawn through the die 14 by a considerably smaller force than previously considered possible.
  • Drawing structure comprising an annular die actuator, a drawing die held within the die actuator, and means operably associated with the die actuator for contracting and expanding the die actuator at a predetermined frequency including an annular piezoelectric transducer surrounding and engaged with the die actuator and a ring member surrounding and engaged with the annular piezoelectric transducer and means for producing and passing an alternating electric signal between the die actuator and inner ring member through the transducer.
  • Drawing structure comprising an annular die actuator including a sleeve portion extending from one side thereof having axially elongated angularly spaced apart slots therein forming fingers therebe-tween and means for connecting the sleeve portion to a rigid support at a nodal point with respect to a predetermined frequency, a drawing die held within the die actuator and means operably associated with the die actuator for periodically contracting and expanding the die actuator at the predetermined frequency.
  • Drawing structure comprising an annular die actuator including a die holding annulus, a sleeve extending at one end from one side of the annulus and an annular collar connected to the other end of the sleeve at a nodal point axially thereof with respect to a predetermined frequency, a drawing die held Within the die holding annulus of the die actuator and means operably associated with the die holding annulus for periodically contracting and expanding the die holding annulus at a predetermined frequency including an inner annular radially polarized piezoelectric transducer surounding the annulus and engaged therewith, an inner ring member surrounding the inner piezoelectric transducer and engaged therewith, an outer annular piezoelectric transducer surrounding the inner ring member and engaged therewith having a radial polarity opposite to that of the inner piezoelectric transducer, and an outer ring member surrounding and in engagement with the outer piezoelectric transducer and an alternating electric signal generator operating at the predetermined frequency, one terminal of which is connected to the die holding annul
  • Drawing structure for drawing wire, rod, tube or the like comprising an annular die actuator, a drawing die positioned radially within and in contact with the die actuator, an annular radially polarized electromechanical transducer sleeved over and in contact with the die actuator and means for electrically exciting the electromechanical transducer to produce radial expansion and contraction thereof.
  • Drawing structure for drawing wire, rod, tube or the like comprising an annular die actuator, a drawing die positioned radially within and in contact with the die actuator, an annular electromechanical transducer in peripheral contact with the die actuator and means for exciting the transducer to produce radial expansion and contraction of the die actuator.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
US516478A 1965-12-27 1965-12-27 Electrostrictive effect in a transducer for drawing wire,rod or tube Expired - Lifetime US3434329A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US51647865A 1965-12-27 1965-12-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3434329A true US3434329A (en) 1969-03-25

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Family Applications (1)

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US516478A Expired - Lifetime US3434329A (en) 1965-12-27 1965-12-27 Electrostrictive effect in a transducer for drawing wire,rod or tube

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3434329A (es)
BE (1) BE690245A (es)
ES (1) ES333641A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1502270A (es)
GB (1) GB1159316A (es)
SE (1) SE339676B (es)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3910085A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-10-07 Nat Res Dev Vibratory forming of materials
US3945231A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-03-23 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Limited Process and apparatus for preparation of thin walled cylindrical vessels
US4072034A (en) * 1972-05-09 1978-02-07 National Research Development Corporation Method and apparatus for forming material by forcing through a die orifice
US4126031A (en) * 1977-07-07 1978-11-21 Ignashev Evgeny P Apparatus for producing metal bands
EP1273363A2 (de) * 2001-07-02 2003-01-08 Forschungsgesellschaft Umformtechnik m.b.H. Axiale Abstützung für eine im Ultraschallbereich in Eigenfrequenz schwingende Matrize, insbesondere zum Draht-, Stagen-oder Rohrziehen
US20060027009A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method of producing tapered or pointed cannula
US20060027010A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method of producing tapered or pointed cannula
ITMI20120745A1 (it) * 2012-05-04 2013-11-05 Dies S A S Di Albino Vanossi & C Van Trafila aggiustabile
WO2015025769A1 (ja) * 2013-08-22 2015-02-26 昭和電工株式会社 金属加工用ダイ

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE955943C (de) * 1950-05-23 1957-01-10 Dr Werner Schulz Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Verformen langgestreckter Werkstuecke, z.B. zum Ziehen von Rohren, unter Anwendung von Schwingungen
US2798832A (en) * 1954-03-08 1957-07-09 Richard F Harvey Method of hardening ferrous metals
US3209572A (en) * 1963-06-21 1965-10-05 Aeroprojects Inc Vibratory energy method and apparatus
US3209574A (en) * 1963-11-04 1965-10-05 Aeroprojects Inc Apparatus and method applying vibratory energy

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE955943C (de) * 1950-05-23 1957-01-10 Dr Werner Schulz Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Verformen langgestreckter Werkstuecke, z.B. zum Ziehen von Rohren, unter Anwendung von Schwingungen
US2798832A (en) * 1954-03-08 1957-07-09 Richard F Harvey Method of hardening ferrous metals
US3209572A (en) * 1963-06-21 1965-10-05 Aeroprojects Inc Vibratory energy method and apparatus
US3209574A (en) * 1963-11-04 1965-10-05 Aeroprojects Inc Apparatus and method applying vibratory energy

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072034A (en) * 1972-05-09 1978-02-07 National Research Development Corporation Method and apparatus for forming material by forcing through a die orifice
US3910085A (en) * 1973-03-26 1975-10-07 Nat Res Dev Vibratory forming of materials
US3945231A (en) * 1973-10-31 1976-03-23 Toyo Seikan Kaisha Limited Process and apparatus for preparation of thin walled cylindrical vessels
US4126031A (en) * 1977-07-07 1978-11-21 Ignashev Evgeny P Apparatus for producing metal bands
EP1273363A2 (de) * 2001-07-02 2003-01-08 Forschungsgesellschaft Umformtechnik m.b.H. Axiale Abstützung für eine im Ultraschallbereich in Eigenfrequenz schwingende Matrize, insbesondere zum Draht-, Stagen-oder Rohrziehen
EP1273363A3 (de) * 2001-07-02 2004-05-19 Forschungsgesellschaft Umformtechnik m.b.H. Axiale Abstützung für eine im Ultraschallbereich in Eigenfrequenz schwingende Matrize, insbesondere zum Draht-, Stangen-oder Rohrziehen
US20060027009A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method of producing tapered or pointed cannula
US20060027010A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method of producing tapered or pointed cannula
US7076987B2 (en) 2004-08-05 2006-07-18 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method of producing tapered or pointed cannula
US7086266B2 (en) 2004-08-05 2006-08-08 Becton, Dickinson And Company Method of producing tapered or pointed cannula
ITMI20120745A1 (it) * 2012-05-04 2013-11-05 Dies S A S Di Albino Vanossi & C Van Trafila aggiustabile
WO2015025769A1 (ja) * 2013-08-22 2015-02-26 昭和電工株式会社 金属加工用ダイ
JPWO2015025769A1 (ja) * 2013-08-22 2017-03-02 昭和電工株式会社 金属加工用ダイ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1527782A1 (de) 1970-01-22
DE1527782B2 (de) 1972-07-20
SE339676B (es) 1971-10-18
BE690245A (es) 1967-05-25
ES333641A1 (es) 1968-03-16
FR1502270A (fr) 1967-11-18
GB1159316A (en) 1969-07-23

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