US3433983A - Electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3433983A
US3433983A US594081A US3433983DA US3433983A US 3433983 A US3433983 A US 3433983A US 594081 A US594081 A US 594081A US 3433983D A US3433983D A US 3433983DA US 3433983 A US3433983 A US 3433983A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
armature
coils
piston
current
electromagnetic actuator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US594081A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arnold R Keistman
Robert H Weakley
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Raytheon Technologies Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3433983A publication Critical patent/US3433983A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K33/00—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system
    • H02K33/16—Motors with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating magnet, armature or coil system with polarised armatures moving in alternate directions by reversal or energisation of a single coil system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/03—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors
    • F04B17/04—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids
    • F04B17/042—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors using solenoids the solenoid motor being separated from the fluid flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2201/00—Pump parameters
    • F04B2201/02—Piston parameters
    • F04B2201/0206—Length of piston stroke

Definitions

  • a linear electromagnetic actuator has a plurality of annular coils separated by magnetic gaps, the end pieces on the armature having an axial length which is at least equal to the sum of the actual length of two laminations and two gaps therebetween (add laminations), to provide a linear current versus force characteristic in either of two directions of stroke.
  • the heart pump includes a reciprocating piston defining a blood pumping chamber in a surrounding cylinder.
  • Cathe ters connected to the blood chamber are connected to the patients circulatory system to provide either arterio-arterial circulation assist.
  • the speed of movement of the heart pump piston is varied during perfusion to achieve coincidence between a cyclical signal (e.g. EKG signal) representing one of the patients physiological parameters and each pumping cycle, i.e. a forward and reverse stroke of the pumping piston.
  • a cyclical signal e.g. EKG signal
  • the volume of blood pumped per pumping cycle is controlled by varying the length of stroke of the pumping piston.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved electromagnetic actuator of the type described above particularly adapted for use with a reciprocating heart pump.
  • FIG. 1 is an elevation view, partly in cross-section, showing the present electromagnetic actuator driving a reciprocating heart pump
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are diagrammatic views of the electro magnetic actuator according to the present invention with the armature being shown in various positions along its length of stroke;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between armature current and armature force over the length of stroke of the armature.
  • the pump 10 includes a generally cylindrical housing 11 having a cylinder 12 tlierein with a double ended piston 14 reciprocable in the cylinder.
  • the piston 14 defines a blood pumping chamber 16 in the forward end of the cylinder 12 and an actuation chamber 36 in the other end.
  • a catheter assembly 20 is connected to the blood pumping chamber 16 for arterio-arterial pumping (a circulation assist technique fully described in the above mentioned application of Chesnut et al., Ser. No. 406,722).
  • Catheters 22 and 23 are adapted to be inserted into the patients femoral arteries and pushed up into the descending aorta.
  • a computer is provided responsive to the patients heart cycle period, or more simply the heart rate, to compute both the speed of reciprocation of the piston 14 and the length of stroke thereof to maintain a maximum perfusion without producing hemolysis.
  • a hydraulic actuator is disclosed for driving the reciprocating piston of the heart pump
  • an electromagnetic actuator 25 is provided for driving the piston 14 through a fluid coupling 27 which permits the pump to be placed remotely from the actuator 25.
  • the fluid coupling 27 includes a cylindrical wall 29 fixed to the electromagnetic actuator and having formed therein a cylinder 30 which slidably receives a piston 32.
  • the piston 32 defines in the cylinder 30 a fiuid chamber 35 communicating with chamber 36 in the pump 10 through a flexible hose 38.
  • the coupling 27 is a rigid fluid coupling so that the piston 14 accurately follows movement of the piston 32.
  • a feedback potentiometer 40 is connected to the piston 32 and provides a signal indicating the actual position of the piston 14 in any instance during its stroke to a closed loop servo system associated computing circuitry.
  • the electromagnetic actuator 25 includes a cylindrical non-magnetic housing member 42 having non-magnetic end plates 43 and 44 fixed thereto.
  • an armature 47 Slidable within the housing 42 is an armature 47, having enlarged cylindrical end pieces 49 and 50 with a reduced interconnecting portion 51.
  • the armature 47 is rigidly connected to a shaft 53 formed with piston 32 so that the armature reciprocates the piston. There are no windings on the armature 47 so that it has a low inertia rapid response.
  • An annular permanent magnet 55 is mounted centrally in housing member 42 and provides the field excitation for the armature 47.
  • an electromagnet may be used either in place of magnet 55 or in addition there to.
  • the permanent magnet 55 has two advantages over electric field excitation in that (1) it requires no power input and (2) it tends to maintain constant field intensity in the magnetic circuit by virtue of its low reversible permeability.
  • a plurality of annular stator coils 58 are provided on both sides of the permanent magnet 55. The coils 58 are arranged in two sets 65A and 65B on opposite sides of the magnet 55, and are connected so that when current flows in one direction in set 65A it flows in the other direction in set 65B.
  • the armature coil current is supplied by suitable circuit which reverses the direction of current flow in each set of coils to reverse the armture 47, and translates the computer command data into a predetermined current level.
  • annular laminations 60 Separating the coils 58 and providing flux paths with the end pieces 49 and 50 are annular laminations 60 having enlarged inner portions 61 which reduce the gaps 62 between the laminations and assist in increasing the linearity of the actuator.
  • the linearity of the actuator 25, i.e. force versus displacement characteristic, is due mainly to the relationship between the axial length of the end pieces 49 and 50 with respect to the enlarged portions 61 of the laminations, the gaps 62 and the length of the coil sets 65A and 65B.
  • a constant driving current in the coils 58 causes a uniform force throughout the displacement of armature 47 due to the constant number of flux linkages with the armature. That is, the reluctance of the magnetic circuit is substantially constant over the length of stroke of the armature 47 as the end pieces 49 and 50 have an axial length with respect to the end portions 61 of the laminations 60 such that a substantially constant lamina tion area is adjacent the end pieces in all Positions of the armature 47.
  • each of the end pieces have an axial length substantially equal to the sum of the axial lengths of two lamination portions 61 and two gaps 62. Further, the length of each coil set 65A and 65B (including the laminations) is substantially greater than the axial length of each of the end pieces 49 and 50 to reduce the non-linearities caused by fringing effects. In the construction shown, the length 65 is over twice the axial length of coil sets of each of the end pieces. In addition, the end pieces 49 and 50 are wide relative to the gaps 62 between the laminations to reduce the effects of these gaps on linearity.
  • An annular compensating coil may be provided for overcoming the armature reaction by producing a magnetomotive force in a direction opposing the demagnetizing magnetomotive force of the armature reaction.
  • the current supplied to the coil 70 should vary with stroke or displacement to compensate for armature reaction which varies with stroke.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 wherein an electromagnetic actuator 25 is shown somewhat modified from that illustrated in FIG. 1 in that no compensating coil 70 is provided and the field excitation is effected both by permanent magnet 55 and an electromagnet 75.
  • the field magnet is supplied with current which flows continuously in the same direction regardless of the direction of stroking of armature 47, and as represented, the current flows into the black dots in FIGS. 2 and 4.
  • the field magnets 55 and 75 cooperate to provide the magnetic field of flux density B. With no current flowing in the stator coils 58 as shown in FIG. 2, no motion of the armature 47 will be produced.
  • An electromagnetic actuator comprising:
  • a generally annular excitation member for providing a substantially constant magnetic field
  • a plurality of stator coils on each side of said annular field mem ber, laminations separating said coils and spaced from each other defining gaps
  • an armature reciprocable within said coils and annular field member, said armature having spaced generally cylindrical end pieces providing flux paths with said laminations, said annular member providing an exciting field through said laminations for said armature, each of said end pieces having an axial length which is at least equal to the sum of the axial lengths of two laminations and two gaps, whereby a constant current in said coils will cause a substantially constant force application to said armature.
  • An electromagnetic actuator comprising:
  • each of said 3,039,399 6/ 1962 Everett 103150 end pieces having an axial length which is at least 2,944,160 7/ 1960 Dickinson 3l027 XR equal to the 'sum of the axial lengths of two lamina- 3,022,450 1962 Chase.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
US594081A 1966-11-14 1966-11-14 Electromagnetic actuator Expired - Lifetime US3433983A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US59408166A 1966-11-14 1966-11-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3433983A true US3433983A (en) 1969-03-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US594081A Expired - Lifetime US3433983A (en) 1966-11-14 1966-11-14 Electromagnetic actuator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3433983A (de)
DE (1) DE1613452A1 (de)
FR (1) FR1548723A (de)
GB (1) GB1206156A (de)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3573513A (en) * 1968-08-14 1971-04-06 Speedring Corp Electromechanical transducer
US3604959A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-09-14 Fema Corp Linear motion electromechanical device utilizing nonlinear elements
US4046137A (en) * 1976-08-11 1977-09-06 Avco Corporation Solenoid operated blood pump drive system
US4215283A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-07-29 Hinds Walter E Linear stepping motor
US4277706A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-07-07 Nu-Tech Industries, Inc. Actuator for heart pump
US4349757A (en) * 1980-05-08 1982-09-14 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Linear oscillating electric machine with permanent magnet excitation
US4358691A (en) * 1979-03-13 1982-11-09 Cts Corporation Linear electric motor
US4371800A (en) * 1975-03-11 1983-02-01 International Combusion Australia Limited Vibrating linear motor for electromagnetic feeders and similar machines
US4480202A (en) * 1982-03-05 1984-10-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Magnetic linear drive
US4561431A (en) * 1982-12-01 1985-12-31 Snyder Laboratories, Inc. Lavage system with linear motor
US4655197A (en) * 1982-12-01 1987-04-07 Snyder Laboratories, Inc. Lavage system with variable frequency, flow rate and pressure
US4692673A (en) * 1982-02-22 1987-09-08 Sanford D. DeLong Electromagnetic reciprocating pump and motor means
EP0266834A1 (de) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Schwingmotor
US4833351A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-05-23 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Muliple axis actuator
US4870306A (en) * 1981-10-08 1989-09-26 Polaroid Corporation Method and apparatus for precisely moving a motor armature
US5147281A (en) * 1990-04-23 1992-09-15 Advanced Medical Systems, Inc. Biological fluid pumping means and method
US5152671A (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-10-06 Infus Hospitalbedarf Gmbh & Co. Vertriebs Kg Haemodialysis process
US5395218A (en) * 1994-01-19 1995-03-07 Thompson; Lee H. Fluid pump apparatus
US6051897A (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-04-18 Synchro-Start Products, Inc. Solenoid actuator with positional feedback
US6089235A (en) * 1992-11-25 2000-07-18 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Method of using an in vivo mechanical energy source
US6123724A (en) * 1999-04-14 2000-09-26 Denker; Stephen Heart assist method and apparatus employing magnetic repulsion force
US20070236089A1 (en) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-11 Shinano Kenshi Kabushiki Kaisha Solenoid and pump using the same
US20140161650A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Linear drive and piston pump arrangement

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1181923A (fr) * 1957-09-03 1959-06-19 Prod Ind Soc D Expl De Moteur électrique linéaire
US2944160A (en) * 1958-05-16 1960-07-05 Charles B Dickinson Oscillatory motor-generator
US3022450A (en) * 1958-09-15 1962-02-20 Bendix Corp Dual position latching solenoid
US3024374A (en) * 1957-10-07 1962-03-06 Bendix Corp Linear rate generator
US3039399A (en) * 1959-12-07 1962-06-19 Foregger Company Inc Pump
US3099260A (en) * 1960-02-09 1963-07-30 Davol Rubber Co Heart pump apparatus
US3119940A (en) * 1961-05-16 1964-01-28 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetomotive actuators of the rectilinear output type
US3135880A (en) * 1958-11-10 1964-06-02 Tronics Corp Linear motion electromagnetic machines
US3233607A (en) * 1962-06-20 1966-02-08 Iowa State University Of Scien Automatic heart massage device
US3259769A (en) * 1964-01-30 1966-07-05 Albert M Stott Electrical pulse generator

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1181923A (fr) * 1957-09-03 1959-06-19 Prod Ind Soc D Expl De Moteur électrique linéaire
US3024374A (en) * 1957-10-07 1962-03-06 Bendix Corp Linear rate generator
US2944160A (en) * 1958-05-16 1960-07-05 Charles B Dickinson Oscillatory motor-generator
US3022450A (en) * 1958-09-15 1962-02-20 Bendix Corp Dual position latching solenoid
US3135880A (en) * 1958-11-10 1964-06-02 Tronics Corp Linear motion electromagnetic machines
US3039399A (en) * 1959-12-07 1962-06-19 Foregger Company Inc Pump
US3099260A (en) * 1960-02-09 1963-07-30 Davol Rubber Co Heart pump apparatus
US3119940A (en) * 1961-05-16 1964-01-28 Sperry Rand Corp Magnetomotive actuators of the rectilinear output type
US3233607A (en) * 1962-06-20 1966-02-08 Iowa State University Of Scien Automatic heart massage device
US3259769A (en) * 1964-01-30 1966-07-05 Albert M Stott Electrical pulse generator

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3573513A (en) * 1968-08-14 1971-04-06 Speedring Corp Electromechanical transducer
US3604959A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-09-14 Fema Corp Linear motion electromechanical device utilizing nonlinear elements
US4371800A (en) * 1975-03-11 1983-02-01 International Combusion Australia Limited Vibrating linear motor for electromagnetic feeders and similar machines
US4046137A (en) * 1976-08-11 1977-09-06 Avco Corporation Solenoid operated blood pump drive system
US4215283A (en) * 1978-05-03 1980-07-29 Hinds Walter E Linear stepping motor
US4358691A (en) * 1979-03-13 1982-11-09 Cts Corporation Linear electric motor
US4277706A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-07-07 Nu-Tech Industries, Inc. Actuator for heart pump
US4349757A (en) * 1980-05-08 1982-09-14 Mechanical Technology Incorporated Linear oscillating electric machine with permanent magnet excitation
US4870306A (en) * 1981-10-08 1989-09-26 Polaroid Corporation Method and apparatus for precisely moving a motor armature
US4692673A (en) * 1982-02-22 1987-09-08 Sanford D. DeLong Electromagnetic reciprocating pump and motor means
US4480202A (en) * 1982-03-05 1984-10-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Magnetic linear drive
US4561431A (en) * 1982-12-01 1985-12-31 Snyder Laboratories, Inc. Lavage system with linear motor
US4655197A (en) * 1982-12-01 1987-04-07 Snyder Laboratories, Inc. Lavage system with variable frequency, flow rate and pressure
EP0266834A1 (de) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-11 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Schwingmotor
US4833351A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-05-23 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Muliple axis actuator
US5152671A (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-10-06 Infus Hospitalbedarf Gmbh & Co. Vertriebs Kg Haemodialysis process
US5147281A (en) * 1990-04-23 1992-09-15 Advanced Medical Systems, Inc. Biological fluid pumping means and method
US6089235A (en) * 1992-11-25 2000-07-18 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Method of using an in vivo mechanical energy source
US5395218A (en) * 1994-01-19 1995-03-07 Thompson; Lee H. Fluid pump apparatus
US6123724A (en) * 1999-04-14 2000-09-26 Denker; Stephen Heart assist method and apparatus employing magnetic repulsion force
US6051897A (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-04-18 Synchro-Start Products, Inc. Solenoid actuator with positional feedback
US20070236089A1 (en) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-11 Shinano Kenshi Kabushiki Kaisha Solenoid and pump using the same
US20140161650A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Linear drive and piston pump arrangement
US9614424B2 (en) * 2012-12-06 2017-04-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Linear drive and piston pump arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1206156A (en) 1970-09-23
DE1613452A1 (de) 1970-08-13
FR1548723A (de) 1968-12-06

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