Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
  • C08F8/14—Esterification
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
  • C08F2800/10—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as molar percentages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
  • C08F2810/20—Chemical modification of a polymer leading to a crosslinking, either explicitly or inherently
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
  • C08F2810/50—Chemical modification of a polymer wherein the polymer is a copolymer and the modification is taking place only on one or more of the monomers present in minority

Definitions

• This invention relates to a method for the preparation of water soluble, readily crosslinkable, resin compositions and, more particularly, to the novel resin compositions thus prepared.
• Water soluble, crosslinkable resin compositions comprising the reaction products of polymeric alcohols with unsaturated fatty acids have heretofore been prepared, in most instances, through the use of a Diels-Alder type reaction with maleic anhydride. Such procedures, however, have the disadvantage of consuming part of the available unsaturation which is present in the fatty acid in order to provide the resulting reaction products with water soluble properties. Thus, since such resin compositions crosslink through reactions which occur at their unsaturated sites, there is a severe reduction in the crosslinking potential, and the properties dependent thereon, which is exhibited by the products prepared by means of these Diels- Alder reaction procedures.
• the products of this invention comprise the novel, synthetic resins which are produced by means of condensation polymerization techniques resulting in compositions containing, as part of the molecule thereof, at least on mer, i.e., a repetitive chemical structural unit, corresponding to the following formula:
• R is a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, methoxy and acetoxy radicals; wherein R R R and R are radicals selected from the group consisting of hydrogen radicals and alkyl radicals; and, wherein x is an integer having a value of from 27 to 33 inclusive.
• the procedure for preparing the novel products of this invention comprises reacting a vinyl polymer containing anhydride groups within its molecule, with an ester-alcohol prepared from a polyunsaturated fatty acid or a mixture of such acids.
• the resulting resin compositions thus contain the water solubilizing carboxyl group as part of their vinyl polymer backbone and not as part of a side chain to which it has been aflixed at the expense of reducing the number of double bonds in the fatty acid moiety of the polymers.
• the maintenance of these double bonds in the fatty acid moiety of our novel polymers renders the resulting compositions more active in terms of their ability to crosslink on drying in air.
• the anhydride containing vinyl copolymers applicable for use in the process of this invention are those polymers containing at least one mer which corresponds to the formula:
• R represents a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, methoxy, and acetoxy radicals; and, wherein R and R are radicals selected from the group consisting of hydrogen radicals and alkyl radicals.
• R represents a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, methoxy, and acetoxy radicals; and, wherein R and R are radicals selected from the group consisting of hydrogen radicals and alkyl radicals.
• copolymers of maleic anhydride are preferred for use in the process of this invention, one may also employ copolymers of substituted maleic anhydrides, citraconic anhydride, and itaconic anhydride, etc.
• the selected anhydride comonomers should constitute from about 5 to 50 mole percent of the resulting anhydride containing copolymer while the molecular weight of the latter copolymer should be in the range of from about 500 to 7000.
• styrene and substituted styrenes such as vinyl toluene, chlorostyrene, and alphamethyl styrene
• the acrylic and methacrylic acid esters of aliphatic alcohols such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl, hexyl, 2-ethyl hexyl, octyl, lauryl and stearyl alcohols
• vinyl chloride vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and other vinyl esters
• vinyl alkyl ethers vinylidene compounds, such as vinylidene chloride; isoprene; ethylene; propylene; and, tetraf
• the polyunsaturated fatty acids, from which the esteralcohols used in the process of this invention are prepared, are derived from the hydrolysis of such drying oils as soya, safliower, linseed, dehydrated castor, tung, oiticica, etc.
• unsaturated fatty acids applicable for use in the preparation of these ester-alcohols are oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearie acid, licanic acid, and ricinoleic acid, etc.
• ester-alcohols may be prepared by any of the reaction procedures well known to those skilled in the art for use in the preparation of such compounds. Thus, one may employ the technique involving the base catalyzed addition of an epoxide to the unsaturated acid or to a mixture of such unsaturated acids. Also applicable is the technique of partially esterifying a glycol with the fatty acid.
• the ester-alcohols of fatty acids applicable for use in the process of this invention correspond to the formula:
• R and R represent radicals selected from the group consisting of hydrogen radicals and alkyl radicals: and wherein x is an integer having a value of from 27 to 33 inclusive.
• ester-alcohols For purposes of brevity, the latter reagents will hereinafter be referred to as ester-alcohols.
• any aliphatic or aromati monofunctional alcohols may be used, if desired, in amounts not exceeding about mole percent of the total ester-alcohol content, in conjunction with the above cited ester-alcohols.
• Typical of such aliphatic alcohols are tetrahydrofurfuryl, octyl and lauryl alcohols, etc., which such aromatic alcohols may include benzyl alcohol and phenoxyethanol.
• These aliphatic and aromatic monofunctional alcohols are included in order to impart varied additional properties to the resulting resin compositions or the films derived therefrom.
• benzyl or tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohols may be included to increase mar resistance and toughness in the crosslinked films derived from the resin compositions of this invention.
• the procedure for the preparation of the novel resins of this invention comprises the addition, under agitation, of the selected anhydride containing vinyl copolymer to the selected ester-alcohol.
• the reaction is conducted in an inert atmosphere, such as nitro gen or carbon dioxide, in order to prevent oxidation of the fatty acid unsaturation.
• the rate of addition of the anhydride copolymer is controlled so as to avoid having the reaction temperature fall below about 190 C. This insures rapid solution of the vinyl polymer while eliminating the tendency for it to agglomerate.
• the reaction then proceeds for a period of about /2 to 3 hours at a reaction temperature of from about 190 to 270 C.
• the resulting product may be filtered hot (approximately 140 C.) through any means equipped to fully remove all extraneous solid residue present therein.
• the resin compositions thus prepared should have a molecular weight in the range of from about 1000 to 8000 and an acidity of from about 0.53 to 2.70 milliequivalents per gram.
• reaction proceeds at a rapid rate without the use of catalysts, a hydrogen ion catalyzed system, such as that which results from the presence of mineral acids, may be used if desired.
• solvents in the reaction is also unnecessary; however, if solvents are used, it is essential that they should be inert with respect to both the anhydride containing copolymers and the ester-alcohols.
• anhydrous solvents such, for example, as xylene and mineral spirits, etc. are applicable.
• ester-alcohol should be present in a concentration which is from about 20 to mole percent of the available anhydride groups present in the anhydride containing vinyl copolymer.
• the carboxyl groups present in the polymer chain of our novel resin products are ordinarily neutralized with a base in order to effect their solubilization by converting them into the form of a salt.
• the choice of neutralizing base to be utilized is left to the discretion of the practitioner, although such factors as volatility, economy, odor, and inertness to the polymer system, etc. must be considered.
• bases include inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, lithium and ammonium hydroxides, amines such as trimethyl, triethyl, and triisopropyl amine, and alkanolamines such as dimethylaminoethanol, triethanolamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, and triisopropanolamine, etc.
• the films derived from the resin composition of this invention are hard, durable, and resistant to water and alkali. These beneficial properties result directly from the crosslinking of these novel resin compositions; the crosslinking having occurred at their unsaturated sites. In addition, these films show rapid drying characteristics at ambient temperatures.
• the resin composition resulting from the process of this invention are found to be extremely stable and may be stored for prolonged periods with no danger of any premature curing or other spoilage. As previously noted, these resin compositions may be used in a variety of applications as coatings and binders.
• Example I This example illustrates the preparation of the novel resin compositions of this invention.
• a reaction vessel fitted with a stirrer, thermometer, steam condenser and an inert gas sparge was evacuated and provided with a carbon dioxide atmosphere. Under agitation, the vessel was thereupon charged with 675 parts (2.0 moles) of the hydroxypropyl ester of safflower fatty acids and was then heated to 205 C. While stirring continued, 865 parts (2.1 moles) of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer containing 25 mole percent of maleic anhydride and having a molecular weight of 1900 was introduced at such a rate that the internal temperature of the system did not fall below 190 C. The now com plete reaction mixture was then heated to 235240 C.
• the resin composition thus obtained was in the form of a viscous oil and had a molecular weight in the order of 3700.
• Example II This example illustrates both the water solubility and the crosslinking properties of the novel resin compositions of this invention.
• R is a radical selected from the group consisting Preparef i' merema g I 1 of hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, methoxy and K f and fi i Ce was acetoxy radicals; wherein R R R and R are radicals to as to t ere i j e resm' selected from the group consisting of hydrogen radicals 2 contammg i dlmet Y anfmoethamflfn and alkyl radicals; and, wherein x is an integer having a 0 parts at water wast en ad ed to neutralize the acidity value of from 27 to 33 inclusive; comprising reacting an of the resm by fommig salt h q t
• the resultmg anhydride containing vinyl copolymer having at least clear, homogeneous so utron was indicat ve of thetendone mer
• R represents radlcal selecled from the group the film was found to be impervious to attack from dilute conslstmg of hydrogeil phenyl substmited phenyl, meth' alkali as Well as from acetone and other common orgaand acetoxy radlcals; f, R1 and R2 are nic solvents.
• This extraordinary resistance to the latter radicals Sdected from ⁇ the group l t ng of hydrogen materials is clearly indicative of a high degree of cross radlcals and alkyl rad1cals; and an ester-alcohol of at least linking on the part of the novel resins of this invention.
• Example III 0 R This example further illustrates the preparation of'the C H I; 0 A 5 OH novel resin compositions of this invention utilizing .a va- 39 r riety of anhydride copolymers, and ester-alcohol combiwherein R and R represent radicals selected from the nations. group consisting of hydrogen radicals and alkyl radicals;
• anhydride containing vinyl copolymer contains from about 5 to 50 mole mole percent of an anhydride comonomer and has a molecular weight in the range of from about 500 to 7000; and, wherein the concentration of said ester-alcohol which is present in said reaction system is from about 20 to mole percent of the available anhydride groups present in said anhydride containing vinyl copolymer.
• reaction system also contains a monofunctional alcohol selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols; wherein said monofunctional alcohol is present in a conwherein R is a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, methoxy and acetoxy radicals; wherein R R R and R, are radicals selected from the group consisting of hydrogen radicals and alkyl radicals; and, wherein x is an integer having a value of from 27 to 33 inclusive.
• R is a radical selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, methoxy and acetoxy radicals
• R R R and R are radicals selected from the group consisting of hydrogen radicals and alkyl radicals
• x is an integer having a value of from 27 to 33 inclusive.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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Citations (9)

• 1965
  • 1965-08-30 US US483818A patent/US3428588A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1966
  • 1966-07-21 DE DE19661645076 patent/DE1645076B2/de active Pending
  • 1966-08-04 NL NL6610969A patent/NL126913C/xx active
  • 1966-08-05 GB GB35165/66A patent/GB1085968A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (9)

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