US3426486A - Abrasive disc - Google Patents

Abrasive disc Download PDF

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Publication number
US3426486A
US3426486A US411466A US3426486DA US3426486A US 3426486 A US3426486 A US 3426486A US 411466 A US411466 A US 411466A US 3426486D A US3426486D A US 3426486DA US 3426486 A US3426486 A US 3426486A
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Prior art keywords
abrasive
matrix
disc
elements
inserts
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Expired - Lifetime
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US411466A
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Leroy M Kubsh
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Landis Tool Co
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Landis Tool Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/14—Zonally-graded wheels; Composite wheels comprising different abrasives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B24D7/063—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with segments embedded in a matrix which is rubbed away during the grinding process

Definitions

  • the abrasive disc consists of a body of abrasive material.
  • the softer abrasive of the disc body will wear more rapidly than that of the inserts, leaving the inserts to perform the grinding operation.
  • the space between the inserts provides for the circulation of coolant to carry away metal chips and abrasive particles from the body of the disc as well as from the inserts.
  • This invention relates to abrasive wheels, particularly abrasive surface grinding discs in which the grinding operation is performed by the annular surface of the disc, and more particularly, where the surface to be ground is a relatively large area or of material having a high resistance to abrasives.
  • surface grinding discs as used here includes all rotatable abrasive devices which have annular operative faces whether in the form of solid discs, segmental discs, or ring or cup-shaped discs.
  • the efiiciency of an abrasive disc is limited by the fact that when a relatively large abrasive surface is applied to a work surface, there is a high degree of resistance to penetration of the work surface by the abrasive material in proportion to the area and nature of the material. Excessive force must be exerted on the discs to effect sufficient penetration of the abrasive grains into the workpiece to provide a satisfactory rate of stock removal. Such force results in heat generation and in deformation in various parts of the machine which interfere with the accuracy of the grinding operation.
  • One method of improving the penetrating qualities of an abrasive disc is to reduce the area of abrasive which engages the workpiece by providing the disc with a plurality of openings such as spaced holes large enough to effect a substantial reduction in abrasive area.
  • the area of sections of abrasives between the holes represents a reduction in total area of abrasive surface in contact with the workpiece with some improvement in penetration.
  • This problem is solved in the present invention by embedding or inserting the abrasive elements in a somewhat softer abrasive matrix so that when the matrix engages a work surface, there is some stock removal with a controlled break down of the abrasive matrix compared to the break down of the abrasive elements.
  • the result of this combination is that the abrasive elements extend be- 3,426,486 Patented Feb. 11, 1969 yond the surface of the matrix.
  • the abrasive matrix breaks away at such a rate that it offers much less resistance to rotation of the disc than a non-abrasive matrix.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an abrasive disc which will have a high degree of penetration, a high rate of stock removal, and a low rate of heat generation.
  • Another object is to provide an abrasive disc having a plurality of abrasive elements embedded in a matrix which wears or breaks away in such a manner as to keep the abrasive elements exposed while providing adequate support for the cutting action of said abrasive elements.
  • Another object is to provide an abrasive disc having a plurality of abrasive elements embedded in an abrasive matrix.
  • Another object is to provide an abrasive disc constructed so that coolant may circulate freely between the disc and the surface being ground.
  • Another object is to provide an abrasive disc consisting of a plurality of spaced abrasive elements in an abrasive matrix in which the rate of wear of the matrix relative to that of the abrasive elements is such that said elements always extend slightly from the matrix.
  • the abrasive elements or plugs extend farther and also wear faster without a corresponding increase in stock removal.
  • Another object is to control the wearing characteristics of the matrix and plugs so that said plugs always extend beyond the matrix. by an amount which will assure a maximum rate of stock removal consistent with the maximum support for the plugs.
  • FIG. 1 shows an abrasive disc having inserted or embedded abrasive elements.
  • FIG. 2 is a section on the line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • Numeral 10 indicates the body or matrix of an abrasive disc.
  • Abrasive plugs or elements 11 consisting of inserts of abrasive particles and bond of harder composition than the body of the disc may be incorporated in the matrix 10 in any one of sevenal ways.
  • the nature of the combination of abrasive elements and matrix, and the hardness of the abrasive matrix and that of the abrasive elements, must be so balanced that the matrix will provide a firm support for said elements and will wear away just enough faster than. said abrasive elements to keep said elements extending slightly beyond the surface of said matrix.
  • the composition of the abrasive elements may be designed primarily for efficient stock removal.
  • the composition of the matrix may be designed primarily for a controlled rate of wear as well as strength to support the abrasive elements firmly for grinding.
  • the portion a of abrasive elements 11 may be extend as much as .002" from the matrix. This amount may vary with different combinations of abrasive elements and matrix.
  • the space provided between the work and the matrix by the abrasive elements serves to permit the circulation of coolant around each abrasive element so as to dissipate heat generated by the grinding operation at the point of generation.
  • the abrasive elements 11 may be flush with the matrix 10. After a short period of grinding a workpiece W, the matrix 10, being softer, will wear away, leaving the abrasive elements 11 extending slightly from the matrix 10. As the abrasive elements 11 wear, the matrix will continue to wear enough to maintain its surface slightly below that of the abrasive elements. Coolant will be free to circulate in the space between the surfaces of workpiece W and the matrix 10 and around the abrasive elements 11 so that heat generated by the grinding operation may be dissipated directly at the point where it is generated, and abrasive particles from the matrix 10 will be carried rapidly away from the grinding zone by the coolant. This keeps both the workpiece W and the disc at a low temperature and permits stock removal at a rate which would cause burning of the workpiece if attempted with conventional discs.
  • An abrasive disc comprising:
  • An abrasive disc comprising:
  • An abrasive disc comprising:
  • An abrasive disc comprising:
  • An abrasive disc of the type wherein grinding is per- 10 formed by an annular surface of said disc said disc comprising a matrix (10), a plurality of abrasive elements (11) dispersed in said matrix about said annular surface and being formed of abrasive particles dispersed in a bonding material, said matrix (10) being formed of abrasive particles dispersed in a bonding material, and said matrix (10) and abrasive elements (11) having different wear characteristics.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Description

Feb. 11, 1969 M. KUBSH 3,426,486
ABRASIVE DISC Filed Nov. 16, 1964 INVENTOR LEPOY M.K'UB5H TORNEY United States Patent 3,426,486 ABRASIVE DISC Leroy M. Kubsh, Beloit, Wis., assignor to Laudis Tool Company, Waynesboro, Pa. Filed Nov. 16, 1964, Ser. No. 411,466 US. Cl. 51-356 10 Claims Int. Cl. B24b 55/02; B24d 5/00, 7/00 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Abrasive disc for use on disc-type surface grinding machines in which the grinding operation is performed by the annular surface of the abrasive disc. The abrasive disc consists of a body of abrasive material. Distributed uniformly throughout the abrasive disc .are inserts of abrasive material substantially harder than that of the body of the disc. The softer abrasive of the disc body will wear more rapidly than that of the inserts, leaving the inserts to perform the grinding operation. The space between the inserts provides for the circulation of coolant to carry away metal chips and abrasive particles from the body of the disc as well as from the inserts.
This invention relates to abrasive wheels, particularly abrasive surface grinding discs in which the grinding operation is performed by the annular surface of the disc, and more particularly, where the surface to be ground is a relatively large area or of material having a high resistance to abrasives.
The term surface grinding discs as used here includes all rotatable abrasive devices which have annular operative faces whether in the form of solid discs, segmental discs, or ring or cup-shaped discs.
The efiiciency of an abrasive disc is limited by the fact that when a relatively large abrasive surface is applied to a work surface, there is a high degree of resistance to penetration of the work surface by the abrasive material in proportion to the area and nature of the material. Excessive force must be exerted on the discs to effect sufficient penetration of the abrasive grains into the workpiece to provide a satisfactory rate of stock removal. Such force results in heat generation and in deformation in various parts of the machine which interfere with the accuracy of the grinding operation.
One method of improving the penetrating qualities of an abrasive disc is to reduce the area of abrasive which engages the workpiece by providing the disc with a plurality of openings such as spaced holes large enough to effect a substantial reduction in abrasive area. With this arrangement, the area of sections of abrasives between the holes represents a reduction in total area of abrasive surface in contact with the workpiece with some improvement in penetration.
Previous attempts to provide a disc having spaced abrasive elements consisted in the use of various shapes of abrasive :material embedded in a non-abrasive matrix. The non-abrasive matrix was softer than the abrasive elements, but offered greater resistance to Wear because it did not disintegrate or break down in response to contact with the work surface. This resistance to wear represents a corresponding resistance to the rotation of the disc with the result of high motor loads without corresponding stock removal.
This problem is solved in the present invention by embedding or inserting the abrasive elements in a somewhat softer abrasive matrix so that when the matrix engages a work surface, there is some stock removal with a controlled break down of the abrasive matrix compared to the break down of the abrasive elements. The result of this combination is that the abrasive elements extend be- 3,426,486 Patented Feb. 11, 1969 yond the surface of the matrix. The abrasive matrix breaks away at such a rate that it offers much less resistance to rotation of the disc than a non-abrasive matrix.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an abrasive disc which will have a high degree of penetration, a high rate of stock removal, and a low rate of heat generation.
Another object is to provide an abrasive disc having a plurality of abrasive elements embedded in a matrix which wears or breaks away in such a manner as to keep the abrasive elements exposed while providing adequate support for the cutting action of said abrasive elements.
Another object is to provide an abrasive disc having a plurality of abrasive elements embedded in an abrasive matrix.
Another object is to provide an abrasive disc constructed so that coolant may circulate freely between the disc and the surface being ground.
Another object is to provide an abrasive disc consisting of a plurality of spaced abrasive elements in an abrasive matrix in which the rate of wear of the matrix relative to that of the abrasive elements is such that said elements always extend slightly from the matrix.
If the matrix wears too fast, the abrasive elements or plugs extend farther and also wear faster without a corresponding increase in stock removal.
Therefore, another object is to control the wearing characteristics of the matrix and plugs so that said plugs always extend beyond the matrix. by an amount which will assure a maximum rate of stock removal consistent with the maximum support for the plugs.
FIG. 1 shows an abrasive disc having inserted or embedded abrasive elements.
FIG. 2 is a section on the line 22 of FIG. 1.
Numeral 10 indicates the body or matrix of an abrasive disc. Abrasive plugs or elements 11 consisting of inserts of abrasive particles and bond of harder composition than the body of the disc may be incorporated in the matrix 10 in any one of sevenal ways.
(1) Forming holes in the abrasive mix for the body of the disc, filling the holes with a different abrasive mix and curing the combination in accordance with the requirements of the bond material.
(2) Forming the body of the disc in the same manner as in (1), inserting pre-formed abrasive elements in the holes and curing the combination.
(3) Forming the body of a disc as in (1) and (2), curing the body with the holes already formed therein and inserting previously cured abrasive elements and securing them in the body by a suitable adhesive.
(4) A random mix of pre-formed abrasive elements in an abrasive matrix.
Another arrangement which is the reverse, but not the equivalent, of those mentioned above is one in which the body of the disc is hard abrasive with cored openings to be filled with a softer abrasive matrix.
Regardless of the method of forming the disc, the nature of the combination of abrasive elements and matrix, and the hardness of the abrasive matrix and that of the abrasive elements, must be so balanced that the matrix will provide a firm support for said elements and will wear away just enough faster than. said abrasive elements to keep said elements extending slightly beyond the surface of said matrix.
The composition of the abrasive elements may be designed primarily for efficient stock removal. The composition of the matrix may be designed primarily for a controlled rate of wear as well as strength to support the abrasive elements firmly for grinding.
The portion a of abrasive elements 11 may be extend as much as .002" from the matrix. This amount may vary with different combinations of abrasive elements and matrix. The space provided between the work and the matrix by the abrasive elements serves to permit the circulation of coolant around each abrasive element so as to dissipate heat generated by the grinding operation at the point of generation.
Operation When a disc is first put into use, the abrasive elements 11 may be flush with the matrix 10. After a short period of grinding a workpiece W, the matrix 10, being softer, will wear away, leaving the abrasive elements 11 extending slightly from the matrix 10. As the abrasive elements 11 wear, the matrix will continue to wear enough to maintain its surface slightly below that of the abrasive elements. Coolant will be free to circulate in the space between the surfaces of workpiece W and the matrix 10 and around the abrasive elements 11 so that heat generated by the grinding operation may be dissipated directly at the point where it is generated, and abrasive particles from the matrix 10 will be carried rapidly away from the grinding zone by the coolant. This keeps both the workpiece W and the disc at a low temperature and permits stock removal at a rate which would cause burning of the workpiece if attempted with conventional discs.
I claim:
1. An abrasive disc comprising:
(a) a body of abrasive material,
(b) a plurality of bonded abrasive inserts in spaced relation in said abrasive material,
(c) the material in said abrasive inserts having faster cutting, longer wearing characteristics than the abrasive material of said body.
2. An abrasive disc comprising:
(a) a matrix consisting of a relatively soft abrasive material,
(b) bonded abrasive inserts of slightly harder material uniformly distributed in said matrix,
(c) whereby said matrix wears faster than said abrasive inserts so that said inserts extend beyond the surface of said matrix.
3. An abrasive disc comprising:
(a) a matrix consisting of a relatively soft abrasive material,
(b) bonded abrasive inserts of slightly harder material uniformly distributed in said matrix and extending from the surface of said matrix,
(c) whereby circulating coolant flows around each of said inserts during a grinding operation for washing away particles of abrasive and chips of metal or other workpiece material.
4. An abrasive disc comprising:
(a) a matrix consisting of (b) abrasive material of a given grit and bond,
(c) abrasive elements of another grit and bond uniformly distributed in said matrix,
(d) whereby said matrix wears faster than said abrasive elements so that said elements extend slightly beyond the surface of said matrix.
5. An abrasive disc of the type wherein grinding is per- 10 formed by an annular surface of said disc, said disc comprising a matrix (10), a plurality of abrasive elements (11) dispersed in said matrix about said annular surface and being formed of abrasive particles dispersed in a bonding material, said matrix (10) being formed of abrasive particles dispersed in a bonding material, and said matrix (10) and abrasive elements (11) having different wear characteristics.
6. An abrasive disc as in claim wherein said matrix wears silghtly faster than said abrasive elements (11).
7. An abrasive disc as in claim 5 wherein the abrasive particles of said matrix (10) break away from said disc more readily than the abrasive particles of said abrasive elements (11).
8. An abrasive disc as in claim 5 wherein said abrasive elements (11) wear slightly faster than said matrix (10).
9. An abrasive disc as in claim 5 wherein the abrasive particles of said abrasive elements (11) break away from said disc more readily than the abrasive particles of said matrix (10). p
10. 'An abrasive disc as in claim 5 wherein said abrasive elements (11) extend a small distance outwardly from said matrix (10) whereby coolant can surround the grinding surface of said abrasive elements (11) during a grinding operation.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS ROBERT C. RIORDON, Primary Examiner.
D. G. KELLY, Assistant Examiner.
U.S. Cl. X.R.
US411466A 1964-11-16 1964-11-16 Abrasive disc Expired - Lifetime US3426486A (en)

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JP (1) JPS4927637B1 (en)
CH (1) CH441031A (en)
DE (1) DE1502632A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1067767A (en)
NL (1) NL6514875A (en)
SE (1) SE325797B (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590472A (en) * 1968-04-24 1971-07-06 Gen Dynamics Corp Composite material for making cutting and abrading tools
US3754359A (en) * 1970-09-16 1973-08-28 Spam D Avray Abrasion tools
US4860722A (en) * 1985-12-13 1989-08-29 Hs Veglio S.R.L. Diamond segments and inserts
US5534106A (en) * 1994-07-26 1996-07-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for processing semiconductor wafers
US20080229672A1 (en) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article and method of making and using the same
US20080233850A1 (en) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article and method of making and using the same
CN106064353A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-11-02 华侨大学 A kind of mill of ordered arrangement and preparation method thereof
US9656366B2 (en) 2011-12-31 2017-05-23 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article having a non-uniform distribution of openings
US20170246724A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2017-08-31 Kinik Company Grinding Tool

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2540025B1 (en) * 1983-01-28 1991-05-10 Precidia ROTARY TOOL HAVING A REVOLUTION BODY PROVIDED WITH ACTIVE ELEMENTS FOR MACHINING MATERIALS SUCH AS GRANITE, MARBLE OR A REFRACTORY PRODUCT
GB2238263A (en) * 1989-11-24 1991-05-29 Home Hygiene Ltd Method of and means for treating a floor
EP0812250B1 (en) * 1995-02-27 2000-01-19 Sandro Giovanni Giuseppe Ferronato Flexible abrasive member with permanent one way mould and method of making same
JP5373171B1 (en) * 2012-10-20 2013-12-18 株式会社ナノテム Grinding wheel and grinding / polishing apparatus using the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2309016A (en) * 1942-02-09 1943-01-19 Norton Co Composite grinding wheel
US2418834A (en) * 1945-06-08 1947-04-15 Leonard S Hartman Automatic radio compass demonstrator
US2451295A (en) * 1944-11-08 1948-10-12 Super Cut Abrasive wheel
US2555001A (en) * 1947-02-04 1951-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Bonded article and method of bonding
US2562587A (en) * 1948-07-19 1951-07-31 Ind Res And Engineering Compan Bonded abrasive

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2309016A (en) * 1942-02-09 1943-01-19 Norton Co Composite grinding wheel
US2451295A (en) * 1944-11-08 1948-10-12 Super Cut Abrasive wheel
US2418834A (en) * 1945-06-08 1947-04-15 Leonard S Hartman Automatic radio compass demonstrator
US2555001A (en) * 1947-02-04 1951-05-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Bonded article and method of bonding
US2562587A (en) * 1948-07-19 1951-07-31 Ind Res And Engineering Compan Bonded abrasive

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590472A (en) * 1968-04-24 1971-07-06 Gen Dynamics Corp Composite material for making cutting and abrading tools
US3754359A (en) * 1970-09-16 1973-08-28 Spam D Avray Abrasion tools
US4860722A (en) * 1985-12-13 1989-08-29 Hs Veglio S.R.L. Diamond segments and inserts
US5534106A (en) * 1994-07-26 1996-07-09 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for processing semiconductor wafers
US5593537A (en) * 1994-07-26 1997-01-14 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Apparatus for processing semiconductor wafers
US20080233850A1 (en) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article and method of making and using the same
US20080229672A1 (en) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article and method of making and using the same
US7628829B2 (en) 2007-03-20 2009-12-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Abrasive article and method of making and using the same
US9656366B2 (en) 2011-12-31 2017-05-23 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article having a non-uniform distribution of openings
US10076820B2 (en) 2011-12-31 2018-09-18 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article having a non-uniform distribution of openings
US11504822B2 (en) 2011-12-31 2022-11-22 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article having a non-uniform distribution of openings
US20170246724A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2017-08-31 Kinik Company Grinding Tool
US10183378B2 (en) * 2014-12-17 2019-01-22 Kinik Company Grinding tool
CN106064353A (en) * 2016-04-08 2016-11-02 华侨大学 A kind of mill of ordered arrangement and preparation method thereof
CN106064353B (en) * 2016-04-08 2019-06-04 华侨大学 A kind of mill of ordered arrangement and preparation method thereof

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Publication number Publication date
GB1067767A (en) 1967-05-03
NL6514875A (en) 1966-05-17
JPS4927637B1 (en) 1974-07-19
DE1502632A1 (en) 1970-04-16
CH441031A (en) 1967-07-31
SE325797B (en) 1970-07-06

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