US3422575A

US3422575A - Closure operator

Info

Publication number: US3422575A
Application number: US574188A
Authority: US
Inventors: Henry P Armstrong
Original assignee: TRUTH TOOL CO
Current assignee: TRUTH TOOL CO
Priority date: 1966-08-22
Filing date: 1966-08-22
Publication date: 1969-01-21
Anticipated expiration: 1986-01-21

Description

a ,1969 H. P. ARMSTRONG 2 CLOSURE OPERATOR Filed Aug 22, 1966 Sheet 2 of n 1969 H. P. ARMSTRONG CLOSURE OPERATOR Filed Aug. 22, 1966 l 6.

1969 H. P. ARMSTRONG 3, 5

CLOSURE OPERATOR Filed Aug. 22, i966 Sheet 4 of 4 23b 3 30a 28 d 1

24b

30d 30d Q9 4 United States Patent 3,422,575 CLOSURE OPERATOR Henry P. Armstrong, Islington, Ontario, Canada, assignor to Truth Tool Company, a corporation of Minnesota Filed Aug. 22, 1966, Ser. No. 574,188 US. Cl. 49-4356 12 Claims Int. Cl. E05f 11/22 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A closure operator for a window sash in which a frame has two interconnected parts and an opening therein. An operating arm is connected to the window sash and 1s mounted on an arm pivot on the frame and extends therefrom for swinging movement relative to the frame. A manual member is pivotally mounted on the frame for oscillatory rotation between limit positions of less than one complete turn about an axis parallel to but spaced from the operating arm pivot, with a portion of the manual member positioned in the opening in the frame and closing the opening at all times. A link means pivotally connects the manual member to the swinging operating arm and includes a crosshead within the frame movably supported by the frame and guided by the frame for linear translatory oscillation as the manual member is oscillated. The operating arm has a short portion extending inwardly from its pivot and having a slot therein for receiving a cam roller on the crosshead to provide greater sash moving forces in initially opening and finally closing the sash.

Background of the invention This invention relates to closure operators and, more especially, to manual operators for opening and closing windows, doors, hatchway closures and the like, where the primary purpose of the opening is ventilation, rather than access, and has particular reference to the types of closure operators disclosed in United States Patents Nos. 2,775,446 and 2,977,810. A principal field of usefulness of the invention is as a window operator for outwardly opening canopy, awning, or casement type sash, or as it may be adapted to any type of horizontally or vertically articulated sash, at least a portion of which may be swung outwardly from its supporting frame.

Summary of the invention My present invention resides primarily in the formation of the manually operatable means and correlation of the latter with its supporting frame and related sash interconnecting linkage, and an object of the invention is to provide a closure operator of the type specified, embodying a minimum of exposed components, which are so formed and correlated that the room side of the operator is unusually trim and compact, combined with esthetic architectural configuration.

A further object of the invention is to provide a window sash operator embodying a frame assembly supporting a manually oscillatable handle interconnected to window sash actuating linkage, which composite structure is adapted for attachment to a window frame in such manner that a portion of the operator frame assembly and its handle are exposed on the room side of the window frame, and wherein the said frame assembly and handle are devoid of exposed and esthetically objectionable mechanical linkage components.

Another object of the invention is to provide, in a window sash operator of the type specified, sash-actuating linkage pivotally supported by a frame, a manually oscillatable handle pivotally mounted on the said frame, and mechanical means interconnecting the said sash actuating linkage and the said handle; and wherein the said components are so designed and correlated that projection of the frame and handle from the room side of the window, in sash closed, partially open or full open position, is unusually compact and unobtrusive.

An additional object of this invention is to provide an operator suitable for articulated outwardl swinging window sash, for example of the awning type, wherein the window frame width between the inside face of the window screen and the inside face of the confronting sash is uncommonly narrow, and in which the frame of the operator projecting inwardly beyond the perpendicular plane of the window screen is unusually compact and is suitable for mounting on a very narrow window frame sill or stool.

A further object of this invention is to provide a closure operator of the type specified, in which its frame, manually operatable oscillatory handle and the mechanism interconnecting same to the sash opening and closing linkage, are simple in design, provide improved operating forces, and embody a minimum number of parts which are well adapted for economical mass production and assembly.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a window sash operator of simple construction, durably made with capacity to resist wear and mechanical deterioration over a period of many years, and in which such parts as are necessarily exposed on the inside of the window are of functional simplicity and desirable architectural appearance.

Other objects and advantages of the invention are those inherent in the mechanism herein illustrated, described and claimed.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, this invention then comprises the features hereafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description and accompanying drawings setting forth in detail a preferred illustrative embodiment of the invention, these being indicative, however, of but one of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed.

The invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings therefor:

Description of the drawings FIGURE 1 is a transverse vertical cross-section of a modern awning type window, shown with its horizontally articulated sash in partially open position, and having the improved closure operator of the present invention attached thereto;

FIGURE 2 is a view similar to FIGURE 1, showing a sill portion only of the said window, with the sash in closed position, and components of the closure operator in relevant position;

FIGURE 3 is a generally horizontal sectional plan view of the structure shown in FIGURE 1, taken along the line and looking in the direction of the arrows 33 of FIG- URE 1:

FIGURE 4 is a generally horizontal sectional view of the structure shown in FIGURE 3, with the sash in closed position and the closure operator components in relevant position;

FIGURES 5 to 11, inclusive, hereinafter defined, are drawn at a magnified scale in relation to FIGURES 1 to 4, inclusive;

FIGURE 5 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, of the closure operator taken along the line and in the direction of the arrows 55 of FIGURE 6;

FIGURE 6 is a horizontal sectional plan view of the closure operator, partially broken away and partially in section, as it would appear when viewed on the plane designated by the arrow line 66 in FIGURE 5. In FIG- URE 6, the closure operator sash actuating components are shown in the position which they would occupy when the window sash is closed.

FIGURE 7 is a View generally similar to FIGURE 6, also with parts broken away and shown in section. In this figure, the closure operator components are shown in the position they would occupy when the window sash is in full open position.

FIGURE 8 is a vertical sectional view of the closure operator taken along the line and in the direction of the arrows 8-8 appearing on FIGURES 4 and 6.

FIGURE 9 is a vertical sectional view of the closure operator taken along the line and in the direction of the arrows 9-9 appearing on FIGURES 4 and 6.

FIGURE 10 is a vertical sectional view of the closure operator taken along the line and in the direction of the arrows 10--10 appearing on FIGURES 4 and 6.

FIGURE 11 is a vertical sectional view of the closure operator taken along the line and in the direction of the arrows 11-11 appearing on FIGURES 4 and 6.

The aforesaid FIGURES 8 to 11, inclusive, illustrate construction of the closure operator per se, independently of the window structure shown in FIGURES 1 to 4 inelusive.

Detailed Description of the Invention Throughout the drawings, corresponding numerals and reference characters refer to corresponding parts.

As generally illustrative of the functional use of the present closure operator and its application to a window in particular, for purposes of simplicity and clairity a residential awning type window is illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This exemplification is appropriate in that the field of usefulness of the closure operator of the present invention is largely that of an awning type window sash operator. Although a residential awning type window embodying a wood frame and sash is shown, such illustration is for pictorial purposes only and is not to be construed as a usage limitation.

Referring in particular to FIGURES 1 to 4, inclusive, the aforesaid window frame generally designated by the numeral 20 comprises a sill 20a; a head 20b; two jambs, one of which is shown and designated by the reference character 20c; and a window sash of the awning type generally designated by the numeral 21. An unusually narrow stool 20d is attached to the frame sill 20a; and its significance will be hereinafter explained in detail. A wood cover 202 extends longitudinally of the said window frame sill in spaced vertical relation to the top of same and upon the wood cover blocking strips 20) and 20g which are afiixed to the said sill. The cover 202 forms a top enclosure for the closure operator sash linkage mechanism hereinafter described.

The sash 21 is horizontally articulated to the said window frame to provide for outward opening and is suchwise that as the lower rail 21b of the sash is swung out wardly, the top rail 21a thereof lowers away from the window frame head 20b. In FIGURE 1 there is shown a modern type awning window hinge comprising a surface mounted t-rack 22 secured to the window frame jamb in the usual manner; a radius arm 22a hinged to par-t 22 as at 22b and pivoted at 220 to the sash stile attachment member 22d, which in turn is pivoted at 22c to an adjustable shoe 22f slidably connected to the track 22, in order to permit perpendicular movement of the top rail 21a of the sash 21. Two hinges of the type described are ordinarily required to support a sash of this type, with one hinged at each stile end of the sash be tween same and the confronting window frame jamb. The radius arms 22a of the said hinges support the sash 21 in both closed and open position, and provide for further opening of the sash beyond its normal full open position, after detachment of the closure operator and actuating linkage mechanism, for sash cleaning or other purposes. The window frame, sash and sash hinge mechanism above described are of modern design and in common use.

One representative form of my closure operator mechanism of the present invention is shown applied to the window frame 20. In general, the mechanism comprises a unitary frame assembly 23, two oscillatable sash linkage lever arms 24 pivotally supported by the said frame assembly; a manually operatable member 25 pivoted in the said frame assembly and mechanically interconnected to the said lever arms for transmitting oscillatory motion thereto. The substance of this invention generally lies within the formation and the correlation of the aforesaid mechanical components.

Referring in particular to FIGURES 5 to 11, inclusive, the frame assembly 23 comprises a mounting or base plate 23a having a horizontal planar area 23b which underlies the greater part of the frame cover 230.

Parts

23a and 23c are fastened together to form a unitary frame assembly, in the manner hereinafter described. The base plate 23a may be in the form of a die perforated and blanked flat steel member of the perimetrical shape clearly shown in FIGURE 7. It is provided with four rivet pin holes 23d and four mounting screw holes 23c. A pivot trunnion hole 23 is also formed in the said base plate (see FIGURES 5, 6 and 10).

The frame cover 230 is preferably in the form of a permanent mould or pressure die casting comprised of zinc alloy of appropriate tensile strength. That part of the frame cover 230 which overlies the window frame stool 20d (see FIGURE 1) may be defined as part of the room side of this closure operator. Such part of the said frame cover comprises in integral formation, a vertical flange 23g; the bosses 23h; the horizontal planar area 23j; and the perpendicular flange 23k. The said flange depends from the planar area 23j and extends from the vertical walls 231'. Part of the flange 23k is substantially semi-circular in contour, that is to say, it lies in a common radius with respect to the axis of the manually operatable member pivot trunnion bearing bushing aperture 231, shown in FIGURES 5 and 10. The said aperture is in perpendicular axial alignment with the trunnion hole 23] in the underlying base plate 23a. The bosses 23h have integral depending rivet pins 23m (see FIGURE 11) which extend through holes 230. in the base plate 2311. These rivet pins are upset or swaged to unite

parts

23a and 230. That part of the base plate 23a which underlies the frame cover flange 23g, the bosses 23b and the flange 23k, has a perimetrical profile substantially corresponding to the shape of the said frame cover. The latter component is also formed of the cover portion 23!: extending outwardly from the flange 23g, and two integral lever arm pivot pins 230 extend downwardly from the said cover portion. Rivet pins 23p are formed integrally with the said pivot pins and extend through holes 23d in the base 23a. The ends of the rivet pins 23p are upset or swaged and the said pins, in conjunction with the swaged rivet pins 23m, combinatively form a strong and rigid four point connection between the two

frame parts

23a and 230.

Lever arms 24 which form part of the sash operating linkage hereinafter described, are actuated through interconnecting means by the manually operatable member 25. This component is preferably in the form of a permanent mould or pressure die casting comprised of zinc alloy of appropriate tensile strength. It embodies a partially disc-shaped hub 25a, the periphery 25b of which substantially corresponds with the arcuate curvature of the exterior face of the frame cover flange 23k. A pivot trunnion 25c extends downwardly from the hub 25a into the aperture 23 in the frame base 23a. A crank arm 25d is formed integrally with the hub 25a and includes an upwardly projecting pivot trunnion 252, which is in axial alignment with the pivot trunnion 250. The last said trunnion is journalled in the bearing bushing 26 which may be press fit into the aperture 231 in the frame cover 23c. The arcuate peripheral portion 25f of the crank arm 25d lies within and is spaced from the inside face 23r of the frame cover flange 23k. A space 27 is provided between the hub 25a and the overlying portion of the crank arm 2501 to accommodate the interposed connecting link 28, which is pivoted to the manually operatable member 25 by the pivot pin 29. The last said part extends through an aperture in the said link and is press fit into the crank ar-m 25d and the hub 25a (see FIGURE of the manually operatable member 25. The latter part embodies a handle 25g having a finger opening 25h therein.

The numeral 30 generally designates a component of the mechanism which interconnects the manually operatable member 25 to the lever arms 24. Component 30 is hereinafter generally referred to as the lever arm crosshead. It is constructed mainly of a base 30a and a guide plate 30b. The base 30a is preferably in the form of a permanent mould or pressure die casting comprised of zinc alloy of appropriate tensile strength, and includes a body, also indicated by the numeral 30a, a central connecting link pivot pin 30c, and two lever arm roller pins 30d. The upper ends 30c of the said pins are shouldered and are preferably press fit into aligned apertures in the guide plate 30b. The connecting link 28 is apertured to fit over the pin 30c and so form a pivotal connection with the lever arm crosshead 30. Rollers 30 in the form of bearing rings are rotatably supported on the pins 30d, upon which the said rollers are placed prior to assembly of the lever

arm crosshead parts

30a and 30b.

The lever arm crosshead base 30a embodies two integral shoes 30g, one at each end thereof, which bear upon the planar area 23b of the base 23a. The crosshead slide plate 3% may be in the form of a sheet steel stamping which is rectangular in shape and includes the

parallel sides

30h and 30i, best shown in dotted lines in FIG- URE 7, and the square ends 30 The frame cover portion 23n overlies the said crosshead slide plate and embodies two parallel perpendicular shoulders 23s, also shown in dotted lines in FIGURES 3 and 4, between which the ends 30] of the crosshead slide plate 3% slidably interfit and are guides thereby so as to closely limit and restrain turning movement of the said crosshead about the axis of the connecting link pin 300. The frame cover portion 23n also includes two spaced apart flat ribs 23t, projecting downwardly from the underside face thereof and extending longitudinally from the inside cover walls 231' to the outer edge 23u of the said cover portion, as is shown in FIGURE 3. The ribs 23r lie close to the top face of the crosshead slide plate 3% and serve to guide it.

Referring again to the lever arm crosshead 30, the inside edge 30k (see FIGURE 7) of the crosshead base 30a is contoured as shown in FIGURE 7 so that, when the closure operator is in window sash full open position, the axis of the connecting link pivot pin 30c lies as closely as is practicable to the axis of the

trunnions

25c and 25e of the manually operatable member 25. In such position, the crosshead base edge 30k is closely spaced from the edge 25b of the manually operatable member partially disc-shaped hub 25a. Also, in such position, the inside edge 30i of the crosshead slide plate 30b lies close to the edge 25g of the crank arm 25d, and overlies part of the manually operatable member partially disc-shaped hub 25a. By such formation and correlation of components, the

parts

24, 25 and 30 are nested together in very compact arrangement, without impairing functional suitability or operational durability, and an extraordinarily compact closure operator including the said frame structure, the manually operatable member, and the aforesaid sash linkage interconnecting mechanism, is provided.

In FIGURE 6, the frame cover 230 is shown in horizontal cross-section in one common plane, with the crank arm 25d shown in partial section. For purposes of comparative illustration, the horizontal plane on which FIG- URE 7 is taken, is slightly below the sectional plane of FIGURE 6, and the crank arm 25d is shown in plan view. It is to be noted that the ends 25w of the frame cover walls 23i extend close to but clear the periphery 25b of the partially disc-shaped hub 25a, and in suchwise that the intervening spaces are too narrow to permit entry of house flies or other insects from the outside of the window, through the frame 23, and to the room side of the window.

The scissors type sash actuating linkage shown in FIGURES 1 to 4, inclusive, is of standard design, except for the actuating mechanism for the lever arms 24. In greater detail, the lever arms 24 may be hinged to arm links 31 by pivot pins 32, and the said links may be articulated to an intermediate sash hook link 33 by pivot pins 34. The said sash hook link det-achably interlocks with the sash hook 35, which in turn is fastened by the screws 36 to the lower rail 21b of the sash 21. The type of sash interconnecting means which may be combined with the closure operator of this invention, may be in the form of a single, double or sash corner pull in scissors type, or of any other design embodying the lever arms 24 or the equivalent thereof.

The lever arms of the type illustrated and described and generally designated by the numerals 24, may be in the form of sheet stampings, each of which is punched to receive a press fit shouldered bushing 24a, best shown in FIGURE 8. Each said bushing is rotatably supported by a pivot pin 230 integral with the frame cover portion 2311. Referring now to FIGURES 6 and 7, each lever arm 24 has a short arm portion extending inwardly from the lever arm pivot pins 230 which is bifurcated or slotted at 24b to receive a roller 30f of the lever arm crosshead 30. The formation of the lever arm slots 24b in relation to the axis of the frame pivot pins 230 may be such that, when the manually operatable member 25 is rotated from the position shown in FIGURE 6 to the position shown in FIGURE 7, the said lever arms swing about the axis of the pivot pins 230. The extent of swinging movement of the lever arms 24 is determined by the pitch diameter of the orbit, indicated by the dotted line 29a, through which the axis of crank pin 29 travels, and in turn movement of the lever arm crosshead 30 which is interconnected to the said crank pin by the connecting link 28 and the crosshead pivot pin 300. The extent of oscillation of the lever arms 24 is essentially a characteristic of the over-all sash interconnecting linkage design function, and the detail exemplified by the accompanying drawings is not to be construed as a limitation.

The closure operator of the present invention is particularly suitable as an awning type window sash operator, in that it may be very compactly designed to occupy a minimum of space on the room side of the window frame sill or stool. In particular, it is desirable that inward projection of the handle 25g of the manually operatable member 25 when in partial sash open position, such as is exemplified in FIGURES 1 and 3, be as short as is feasible so that it will not form an objectionable obstruction on the room side of the window and, furthermore, will not be unsightly in appearance. To meet architects specifications for certain types of building wall structures, it is often necessary to provide unusually narrow window frames, that is to say, the dimension from the inside face 21c of the sash when closed, to the room side face 20h of the screen frame 201 (shown in fragmental detail in FIGURE 1), may be limited to 2%". That part of the closure operator mechanism which overlies the window sill 20a and underlies the sill cover 20e must also fit into the said space and, in addition, provide clearance for the sash interconnecting linkage, when the sash 21 is closed, as is best shown in FIGURES 2 and 4. The type of closure operator described and illustrated is adapted for mounting on the top face of the window sill 20a by means of four wood screws 37 which extend through countersunk holes 232 in the frame base 23a.

The components of the closure operator of the present invention, including the lever arms 24, are of simple design and are well adapted for mass production at an economical cost. Assembly of the components of the closure operator embodies simple operations which may be rapidly performed with a minimum of time expenditure. The lever arm crosshead may be in the form of a subassembly including the body 30a, the connecting link 28, the rollers 30], and the slide plate 3% which may be press fit onto the shouldered ends 30a of the pins 300 and 30d. The aforesaid sub-assembly may then be connected to the manually operatable member 25 by insertion of the crank pin 29 through the crank arm 25d, the connecting link 28, and into the hub 25a of member 25. The frame cover 23c may be supported on a fixture in inverted position. The slotted ends of the lever arms 24 may then be inserted between the body 30a and the slide cover 30b, and over the rollers 30] of the crosshead 30. These assembled components may then be placed upon the inverted frame cover 230, with the trunnion 25a of the member 25 in the frame cover bushing 26, the crosshead slide plate 30]) between the parallel shoulders 23s of the said frame cover, and the bushings 24a of the lever arms 24 over the pivot pins 230 of the said frame cover. The base 23a may then be placed in position with the trunnion 250 in the hole 23 in the said frame base and the four projecting

pins

23m and 23;) extending through the matching holes in the frame base 23a. The ends of the four said pins may then be swaged in a single operation, and in suchwise that the frame base 23a is rigidly secured to the frame cover 230. The sash linkage, depending upon its design, may be in part previously assembled with the outward ends of the lever arms 24, or may be assembled therewith following the previously described assembly operations.

The unusually compact design of this closure operator provides for esthetic architectural configuration without impairing functional suitability or operational durability. The novel design characteristics which contribute to the foregoing and constitute the essence of this invention may be summarized as follows:

(a) The pivotal hub of the manually operatable member 25 is positioned between the frame base 23a and the frame cover 23c, with the crank arm 25d concealed from view by the overlying cover portion 23 and its depending flange 23k. The crank pin 29 and the connecting link 28 are at all times concealed from view, from the room side of the closure operator.

(b) The peripheral edge 25b of the hub 25a of member 25 corresponds in shape with the greater portion of the cover flange 23k, thus providing cleancut appearance.

(c) The pivotal axis of the

trunnions

25c and 25e is located close to the perpendicular face of the frame cover flange 23g and in suchwise that the over-all proportions of the frontal or room side of the frame 23 and the operating handle 25 are unusually compact.

(d) The ends 30j of the slide plate 30b of the lever arm crosshead 30 slide between the shoulders 23s on the underside of the portion 23n of the frame cover 23c, and the said shoulders serve to prevent rotation of the lever arm crosshead 30 about the pivotal axis of the pivot pin 30c, and also serve to guide the said crosshead as it is moved back and forth, from the position shown in FIG- URE 6 to the position shown in FIGURE 7. These components may be closely related with a minimum of working clearance so that the lever arms 24 swing in unison.

(e) It is important that the lever arm crosshead 30 be of very rigid construction combined with minimal size. This is accomplished in the design illustrated by recessing the side 30k of part 30a in suchwise that the axis of the pivot pin 30c may be brought into close relationship with the peripheral edge 25b of the partially disc-shaped hub 25a of member 25, and by forming the crank arm 25d in the shape shown in FIGURE 7 so that the slide plate 30b may overlie part of the partially disc-shaped hub 25a, and

will be spaced from the edge 25g of the crank arm 25d when the manually operatable member 25 is turned to the position shown in FIGURE 7.

I claim:

1. A closure operator comprising a frame with an opening, an arm adapted for connection to a window sash and mounted on an arm pivot on the frame and extending therefrom for swinging movement relative to the frame, a member pivotally mounted on the frame and positioned in said opening for rotation through less than one complete tu-rn while at all times closing said opening and having a manually operable handle thereon, and means for transmitting motion from said member to said arm.

2. The closure operator of claim 1 wherein the frame has a perimetral opening forwardly of a pair of spaced apart frame portions, said frame portions forming a passage through which said motion transmitting means extends, said member having a hub portion disposed in said perimetral opening and closely adjacent said frame portions, said hub having a surface concentric to the pivot of said member and at all times closing said passage.

3. The closure operator of claim 1 wherein the frame includes two interconnected parts with one part having a profile substantially coincident with said member and a crank movable with said member positioned within said one part and constituting part of said motion transmitting means.

4. The closure operator as defined in claim 2 wherein said member and crank overlie each other within the frame and have oppositely extending pivot trunnions engageable in and supported by the interconnected parts of the frame, and wherein the two interconnected parts of the frame consist of a frame base and a frame cover, said member and crank are spaced from each other and said motion transmitting means further including a link extending into said space between the member and crank to be enclosed by said frame.

5. The closure operator of claim 4 wherein the motion transmitting means additionally includes a crosshead within said frame pivotally connected to said link, cam means connecting said arm to said crosshead whereby linear movement of the crosshead causes pivoting of the arm, and guide means on the underside of the frame cover guiding the crosshead for linear movement.

6. The closure operator of claim 5 wherein said cam means includes a roller on said crosshead and a slot on said arm receiving the roller with said crosshead moving said roller in a path which extends to both sides of a line extending perpendicular to said path and to said arm pivot whereby the roller is elfective on a longer moment arm when moving the sash adjacent fully closed and fully opened positions.

7. A closure operator as defined in claim 5 wherein said crosshead has a recessed edge facing said member whereby the crosshead can closely approach a generally similarly contoured part of said member in one extreme position of said crosshead to minimize front to rear dimensions of said frame.

8. A closure operator for a window sash including a frame having a base and a cover, an operator arm extending from said frame and pivoted on said frame, with a short arm portion extending inwardly from the pivot and having a slot therein, 'a crosshead movable in said frame along a linear path and having a cam roller engageable in said slot, and means including an oscillatable handle for moving said crosshead along said path between limit positions at opposite sides of a line perpendicular to said path and extending to the arm pivot whereby the effective length of said short arm portion is greater adjacent said limit positions to provide greater sash moving forces in initially opening and finally closing the sash.

9. A closure operator as defined in claim 8 wherein said frame cover has downwardly extending spaced shoulders for guiding said crosshead.

10. A closure operator as defined in claim 8 wherein said frame has a non-linearly contoured front and slot therein, and a rotatable member of the same contour as said front positioned in and filling said slot and carrying said handle.

11. A closure operator for a Window sash comprising a frame having two interconnected parts, arm means pivotally mounted on the frame and extending therefrom for swinging movement relative to said frame and adapted for connection to the window sash, a manual member pivotally mounted on the frame for oscillatory rotation between limit positions of less than one complete turn about an axis parallel to but spaced from the arm pivot, and link means connected pivotally to said manual member and pivotally connected to said arm means for swinging the arm means as said manual member is rotated, said link means including a member mounted on the frame for linear translatory oscillation as said manual member is oscillated, said frame and said member of said link means having mating surfaces parallel to the linear movement of said member to guide the member in said frame.

12. A closure operator as defined in claim 11 wherein the two interconnected parts of the frame consist of a frame base and a frame cover and wherein the member of said link means comprises a crosshead within said frame mova'bly supported by the frame base, and guide means on the underside of the frame cover guiding the crosshead for linear translatory oscillation as said manual member is oscillated.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,775,446 12/ 1956 Stavenau et al 49324 2,977,810 4/1961 Stavenau 49345 DAVID J. WILLIAMOSWKY, Primary Examiner.

J. KARL BELL, Assistant Examiner.

US. 01. X.R. 49-324