US3421335A - Rectification column - Google Patents

Rectification column Download PDF

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Publication number
US3421335A
US3421335A US587450A US3421335DA US3421335A US 3421335 A US3421335 A US 3421335A US 587450 A US587450 A US 587450A US 3421335D A US3421335D A US 3421335DA US 3421335 A US3421335 A US 3421335A
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United States
Prior art keywords
plates
column
horizontal
rectification
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US587450A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rudolf Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
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Publication of US3421335A publication Critical patent/US3421335A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/16—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid
    • B01D3/18—Fractionating columns in which vapour bubbles through liquid with horizontal bubble plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/007—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger combined with mass exchange, i.e. in a so-called dephlegmator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/80—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification using integrated mass and heat exchange, i.e. non-adiabatic rectification in a reflux exchanger or dephlegmator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/902—Apparatus
    • Y10S62/905—Column

Definitions

  • a rectification column having a greater horizontal dimension than its vertical dimension and provided with an array of thick and thin vertically spaced rectification plates with throughgoing openings allowing the passage of gas and liquid between the stages.
  • the housing of the column has a pair of vertical Walls which are spanned by the thicker plates constituting reinforcing members welded to the walls along respective horizontal lines while the thin plates are disposed between the thick plates.
  • the walls are formed with outwardly convex metal strips joined to the structure at the seams at which the thicker plates are welded to the walls.
  • My present invention relates to a rectification column of the horizontal-plate type wherein the plates are vertically spaced and, more particularly, to an improved compact column for the refluxing and separation components of a fluid stream, preferably in cryogenic applications.
  • the conventional rectification column is circular in cross section with a vertical height usually considerably greater than the diameter.
  • the diameter is frequently determined by the allowable transport clearance (e.g. the width of a freight car or diameter of a tunnel) and is, consequently, relatively small.
  • the plates are substantially of the same diameter as the inside of the column, horizontally disposed and axially (i.e. vertically) aligned. Since the space between the plates preferably is, as determined empirically, an inverse function of the fourth power of the diameter, conventional columns of small diameter have correspondingly large plate spacings and consequently relatively great height.
  • This height has the disadvantage that operating costs are great due to the hydrostatic heads involved in the pumping of liquids; the small diameter results in high gas velocities and relatively deep depth of liquid retained on the plates, both factors contributing to a high pressure drop and loss of energy in fluid circulation.
  • gas velocities and pressure drop over the column according to the present invention are advantageously reduced, resulting in lower operating costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view in perspective, partially cut away
  • FIG. 2 is a detail of the head plate of FIG. 1 drawn to a larger scale
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are side views, in perspective, similar to FIG. 1 but illustrating other embodiments of the invention.
  • a housing 1 including generally flat vertical side walls 16, one of which is visible, generally flat vertical heads 10, an upper arched hood 17 and a lower arched hood 17', this housing being substantially a rectangular prism with a horizontal longitudinal axis.
  • Tie rods 4 resisting internal thrusts, penetrate side walls 16 and are locked thereto by nuts or the like.
  • a plurality of horizontal, rectangular plates, 8a and 8b, axially extending and conforming in outline to horizontal sections of housing 1 are vertically spaced. apart therein, each plate being provided with a multiplicity of openings 7, the openings of adjacent plates being staggered longitudinally and transversely in the respective horizontal planes.
  • Certain plates 8a are load-bearing plates contributing to the structural rigidity of housing 1 and have a rigid fastening 12, usually a weld, joining them to the heads 10.
  • a plurality of arched (inwardly concave) members 11 connect the fastening means 12 at heads 10 at the junctures with plates 8a as is particularly portrayed in FIG. 2.
  • Openings 9 are provided in web plates 10' which span the junctures for pressure equalization between the rectification stages defined between the plates.
  • intermediate plates 8b which are not structurally attached to the heads and have lesser thicknesses than plates 8a; the intermediate plates are suspended therefrom by hanger assemblies 19.
  • At least two connections for inlet and outlet, 2 and 3 respectively, are provided, together with at least one intermediate reflux connection 18 as is common in conventional rectification columns.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which the housing comprises a cylindrical shell 15 with dished heads 13.
  • Interior plates 8 which may be identical with one another, are shaped at the ends 8' to conform to the curvature of dished heads 13.
  • the inlet and outlet and the slots communicating between stages are otherwise identical with those illustrated in FIG. 1, and
  • FIG. 4 shows still another embodiment in which the housing comprises a square shell 19, being otherwise identical with FIG. 1.
  • the compact shape of the rectifying column in the present invention permits the convenient pairing of this unit on a common mounting with an evaporator or plate heat-exchanger of similar profile to the rectification column.
  • Such a com panion unit 14 is shown in FIG. 1 in dotted lines, and
  • the unit 14 can be connected to the rectification column in a conventional manner known to the art with a minimum of piping.
  • the unit 14 may be of the type described in my Patent No. 3,256,704, granted June 21, 1966. Moreover, direct-heat exchange through the housing walls is possible.
  • cryogenic rectification column e.g. in a Linde-Frankl air-rectification process
  • a vapor from an evaporator 14 is admitted in the lower section of the column through the inlet 3 and a liquid phase is introduced at a higher level between plates through the inlet 18, to flow countercurrent to the rising vapor phase, a vapor-enriching exchange taking place through liquid-vapor contact on the plates 8n and 8b and at the openings 7.
  • the latter may be flanked by downwardly extending fianges 7' reaching close to the surface of the next lower plate and bent from the sheet metal contituting the respective plate.
  • the vapor phase is removed, for instance, through connection 2 and the liquid phase is removed or returned to the evaporator through 3 which may serve commonly as a vapor inlet and liquid outlet.
  • a conventional vertical column 3.6 m. in diameter may be hypothesized. Such a column will have plate areas of 10.2 m. as compared to the plate area of 19.8 m? for the horizontal column.
  • a rectification column comprising: an elongated housing having a horizontal longitudinal axis, an array of parallel horizontal first plates extending parallel to said axis, spaced apart within said housing and conforming in shape to the interior cross-section thereof, said first plates being provided with openings communicating between the interplate spaces of said array; inlet means for admitting a gas and a liquid into said housing for rectification therein; outlet means for removing gas and liquid from said housing; said housing including an arched upper hood spaced above said array and an arched lower hood spaced below said array to permit passage of a gas and a liquid therebet-ween, a pair of axially extending, parallel side walls, transverse tie rods connecting said side walls, and end walls transverse to said longitudinal axis, said first plates being rigidly fastened to said end walls; parallel horizontal intermediate plates axially extending and vertically spaced between said first plates, said intermediate plates being provided with openings for passage of said gas and liquid therebetween, said end walls being reinforced with arches transverse to saidt
  • a rectification column comprising a housing having at least one horizontal dimension greater than its vertical dimension, the improvement which comprises an array of vertically spaced generally horizontal and substantially rectangular rectification plates mounted in said housing and provided with openings constituting said plates as respective rectification stages, said rectification plates being composed of thicker and thinner plates with said thinner plates being disposed between the thicker plates, the thicker plates being secured to opposite walls of the housing along opposite edges of the thicker plates where by said thicker plates structurally reinforce said housing, said opposite walls of said housing being formed with outwardly convex elongated metallic strips bridging corresponding pairs of adjacent edges of the thick plates and welded together therealong.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
US587450A 1965-10-22 1966-10-18 Rectification column Expired - Lifetime US3421335A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEL0051951 1965-10-22

Publications (1)

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US3421335A true US3421335A (en) 1969-01-14

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US587450A Expired - Lifetime US3421335A (en) 1965-10-22 1966-10-18 Rectification column

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3421335A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5342752B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1519599C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1128229A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6614782A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4909968A (en) * 1988-11-04 1990-03-20 Max Leva Mass transfer trays
US5073311A (en) * 1988-04-21 1991-12-17 Yuugen Kaisha Parasight Multiple-gas-phase liquid treatment apparatus
US5139657A (en) * 1988-10-14 1992-08-18 Yuugen Kaisha Parasight Multiple-gas-phase settling tank
US6543252B1 (en) * 1999-08-24 2003-04-08 L'air Liquide - Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Vaporizer-condenser and corresponding air distillation installation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103310698A (zh) * 2013-07-05 2013-09-18 辽宁石化职业技术学院 教学用板式塔节

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US37731A (en) * 1863-02-24 Improvement in feed-water heaters for steam-boilers
US230333A (en) * 1880-07-20 Alcohol-still
US291833A (en) * 1884-01-08 Still
US368208A (en) * 1887-08-16 Still
US909650A (en) * 1907-01-02 1909-01-12 George M Newhall Condenser.
US2502251A (en) * 1946-12-13 1950-03-28 Air Reduction Apparatus for the separation of gaseous mixtures
US3256704A (en) * 1962-04-21 1966-06-21 Linde Eismasch Ag Plate condenser evaporator

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US37731A (en) * 1863-02-24 Improvement in feed-water heaters for steam-boilers
US230333A (en) * 1880-07-20 Alcohol-still
US291833A (en) * 1884-01-08 Still
US368208A (en) * 1887-08-16 Still
US909650A (en) * 1907-01-02 1909-01-12 George M Newhall Condenser.
US2502251A (en) * 1946-12-13 1950-03-28 Air Reduction Apparatus for the separation of gaseous mixtures
US3256704A (en) * 1962-04-21 1966-06-21 Linde Eismasch Ag Plate condenser evaporator

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5073311A (en) * 1988-04-21 1991-12-17 Yuugen Kaisha Parasight Multiple-gas-phase liquid treatment apparatus
US5139657A (en) * 1988-10-14 1992-08-18 Yuugen Kaisha Parasight Multiple-gas-phase settling tank
US4909968A (en) * 1988-11-04 1990-03-20 Max Leva Mass transfer trays
US6543252B1 (en) * 1999-08-24 2003-04-08 L'air Liquide - Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Vaporizer-condenser and corresponding air distillation installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5342752B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-11-14
GB1128229A (en) 1968-09-25
NL6614782A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-04-24
DE1519599A1 (de) 1970-02-26
DE1519599B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-27
DE1519599C3 (de) 1975-11-06

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