US3420075A - Knitting machine and method - Google Patents

Knitting machine and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3420075A
US3420075A US630113A US3420075DA US3420075A US 3420075 A US3420075 A US 3420075A US 630113 A US630113 A US 630113A US 3420075D A US3420075D A US 3420075DA US 3420075 A US3420075 A US 3420075A
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Prior art keywords
needles
yarn
cam
knitting
cylinder
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US630113A
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English (en)
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Ivan David Grothey
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Scott and Williams Inc
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Scott and Williams Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B9/00—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles
    • D04B9/42—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration
    • D04B9/46—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles specially adapted for producing goods of particular configuration stockings, or portions thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/08—Needle latch openers; Brushes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B15/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, weft knitting machines, restricted to machines of this kind
    • D04B15/88—Take-up or draw-off devices for knitting products
    • D04B15/92—Take-up or draw-off devices for knitting products pneumatic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B9/00—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles
    • D04B9/10—Circular knitting machines with independently-movable needles with two needle cylinders for purl work or for Links-Links loop formation

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with superposed cylinder machines long used for the production of stockings having broad ribs or links-links patterns particularly in their leg and instep portions. Such machines utilize double-ended latch needles which may be transferred from one cylinder to the other and are controlled by sliders in the respective cylinders.
  • the present invention affords simplicity of construction and operation. Reliable tensioning by air flow is provided. Makeup is simplified, needles operating only in the lower cylinder during makeup, and in a fashion which does not involve the necessity for using yarn having elastic properties.
  • the objects of the invention relate to the achievement of improved operation as will become more evident hereafter.
  • FIGURES 1A and 1B constitute, jointly, a vertical secl tion through the head portion of a superposed cylinder DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • the drive mechanism for rotary and reciprocatory knitting is of conventional type.
  • Chain and main cam drum controls are conventional, as are also the yarn feeding devices and their controls.
  • Links-links knitting is effected under the usual trick wheel control.
  • Yarn clamping and cutting devices are of the usual type.
  • the main frame fragmentarily illustrated at 2 houses the usual transmission to drive the needle cylinders.
  • a bevel gear on the main horizontal shaft of the machine (neither being shown) provides rotary and reciprocatory motion to the cylinders through the bevel gear 4 doweled at 6 and otherwise fastened to a cylinder carriage gear 8 carried by bearing 10 in the lower bed plate 12.
  • a vertical drive shaft 16 is driven by the teeth 17 of the carriage gear 8 through the spur gear 18 keyed at 20 to the shaft 16.
  • Pillars 22 and 24 respectively support la middle bed plate 26 and an upper bed plate 28.
  • a stationary bearing ring 30 is secured to bed plate 28 and carries the upper cylinder bearing 32.
  • the upper cylinder 34 is fastened to a carriage gear 36 'by screws 38.
  • a plate 40 is secured to the carriage gear 36 and serves to support the upper cylinder assembly on the bearing 32.
  • the upper end of the vertical drive shaft 16 is journaled in the bearing ring 30. Drive to the upper cylinder is transmitted through spur gear 42 to the teeth on the carriage.
  • the spurr gears 18 and 42 are provided with upper sections 18a and 42a, respectively, which may be adjustably displaced angularly with respect to the main portions of the gears and locked relatively to them for the purpose of backlash elimination, lto secure very accurate yregistration of the upper and lower cylinders [at all times.
  • the spur gear 42 is provided with adjusting screws 44 and lock nuts 46 to advance or retard the upper cylinder relatively to the lower cylinder.
  • the lower bed plate 12 and the middle bed plate 26 support cam rings 47 yand 48 which mount the cam box sections 50 and 52 respectively.
  • the cam thus mounted will be described in detail hereafter.
  • Lower cylinder sliders are shown at 54 and upper cylinder sliders are shown at 56 both in FIGURE lA and FIGURE 3.
  • the double-ended needles S are omitted from the former figure for clarity, but are shown in the latter figure in association with the sliders.
  • Sinkers 57 are provided, and these are desira'bly of the type shown in FIGURE 2A of the aforementioned Shannon application, being provided to prevent maloperation in the fashion described therein. These sinkers differ from the conventional type long used in these machines by reason of the provision of notches behind the Sinker hooks.
  • Needle selection for patterning is conventional and utilizes selector jacks 58 provided with frangible butts which may be selectively removed and arranged to be operated upon by conventional trick Wheel mechanism which is not shown.
  • Sinker control means are also conventional.
  • the slotted Sinker ring 60 is keyed and otherwise adjustably positioned and fastened to the lower cylinder 14.
  • the upper sinker cam 62 is secured to the Sinker cup 66.
  • the lower sinker cani 64 is keyed to and supported by a sleeve 68.
  • a tail member 70 is secured t0 the sleeve 68 and serves as a stop against adjustable bumper screws which are conventional and not shown. These are provided for the usual displacement of the Sinker knockeover positions for rundown and reverse strokes of the needle cylinder during reciprocatory knitting.
  • Tubular member 72 serves a a nut and is threaded at its upper end to engage the threaded lower end of the sinker cup 66.
  • humps 76 Projecting upwardly and inwardly at the upper edge of the sinker cup 66 are humps 76. There are rounded in shape, and one of them is located adjacent to each of the stitch drawing points of the respective feeds. At the same locations there are inwardly directed fins 78 which slope downwardly in the direction in which the fabric moves relatively to the Sinker cup during rotation. AS will appear more fully hereafter, when the fabric already formed is pulled downwardly by air flow, the humps and fins become particularly effective to provide the necessary inwardly and downwardly directed tension to the fabric as new stitches are being formed.
  • verges have been provided in association with the upper cylinders of superposed cylinder machines.
  • special structure and control of the verges exists. The purpose is both to accommodate pneumatic fabric tensioning and provide clearance for the passage of fabric over the humps 76.
  • Verge bits serve t0 form Sinker-line wales during formation of adjacent rib stitches .as occur during knitting of broad rib fabric and links-links knitting. Each verge is retracted upwardly during reciprocatory knitting on lower cylinder needles.
  • the verge bits 80 are supported in the slotted verge 82 and held in position by a spring band 84.
  • the verge 82 is fastened by screws, 86 to the ring 88 which in turn is brazed or otherwise fastened to tubular member 90.
  • the top end of this tubular member is fastened to a flange 92 which is supported on springs 94 positioned over equally spaced pins in the top plate 40.
  • Angular alignment of the verge bits 80 about the cylinder axis in proper position relative to the cylinder slots is achieved by a pair of adjusting screws 98 having smooth ends which are brought to bear against a rectangular extension 102 on the flange 92. Screws 98 are carried in a threaded block 104 which is fastened to the top plate 40. Lock nuts are used to maintain the setting.
  • the entire verge assembly is carried by and rotatable with the cylinder structure, but is vertically moveable relatively thereto.
  • Means for adjusting the verge height as well as automatic control for retraction of the verge during reciprocatory knitting is provided.
  • a vertical control rod 108 which is operable by cams on the main cam drum, is pro-vided with .an adjustment screw 110.
  • upward movement of the rod 108 will depress the verge assembly against the upwardly directed force of the springs 94.
  • a stationary air tube 122 is suspended substantially coaxially with the upper cylinder by a bracket 124 ⁇ supported by a post 126 extending upwardly from the top bed plate 128.
  • the lower end of tube 122 is piloted by the central opening in the verge 82, the inside diameter of this opening being sufficient to provide clearance with the stationary tube when it is properly positioned.
  • Internal bracket 128 attached to the tube 122 by screws 130 locates and suspends a member 132 having a circular cross section at its lower end with a shape such as that illustrated to effect an outward motion to downflowing ⁇ air. Adjustable positioning of the height of the central member 132 is to secure the most effective deflection of the air toward the fabric. Clamping is effected by the screw 134.
  • the upper end of the tube 122 is adapted by the fitting 13S, the collar 136 and a clamp 138 to a plastic tube 140 through which air is delivered for tensioning and for removal of a finished stocking blank.
  • the air introduced through the tube is continuous and may originate either from a centrifugal pump individually associated with the machine, or from the usual mill air supply which may deliver air to a number of machines.
  • the flow through the tube 140 is continuous during operation, but desirably a valve is used to close off the air and prevent waste when the machine is stopped.
  • the spider controlling cams and associated elements will next be described lwith particular reference to FIG- URE 2.
  • Motion of the cylinders with respect to these cams is counterclockwise so that the sliders and needles move relatively to the cams in the direction of the arrow shown at the bottom of the figure.
  • the majority of the cams are conventional and perform their conventional functions; but in the matter of makeup special operations are involved and hence the cams, whether new or old, will be described.
  • various of the cams are radially movable to bring them selectively into and out of action.
  • the movements are controlled from the main cam drum in conventional fashion and accordingly the particular control elements need not be described.
  • the distribution and shapes of cams on the main cam drum will be evident to anyone skilled in this art from description of the sequential operations involved.
  • the machine is of the two-feed type, the main feed being the one at which heels and toes are formed during reciprocatory, knitting yarns being selectively fed at a position indicated at 149.
  • the main feed being the one at which heels and toes are formed during reciprocatory, knitting yarns being selectively fed at a position indicated at 149.
  • the Xmain feed there is the usual center cam 150, the rundown stitch cam -152 and the reverse stitch cam 154i.
  • the usual lifters 156 and 158 are sho-wn in their inactive positions.
  • the usual dropper is also shown in its inactive position, half of it being shown at each end of the figure.
  • 162 is the usual landing cam.
  • 164 is a radially movable raising cam and 166 is a leveling cam, acting on butts which pass, without engagement, the cam 164.
  • 168 is the clearing cam for the main feed during rotation and forward strokes of reciprocation.
  • ⁇ Cam 188 is the reverse raising cam and cam '190 is the reverse clearing cam.
  • 192 is the radially movable transfer cam which effects downward transfer of the needles, while 194 is the Xed down transfer cam.
  • 196 is the leveling cam for sliders which have been moved downwardly to effect transfer.
  • 208 is a radially movable lowering cam while 210 is a rib stitch clearing cam.
  • 210 is a rib stitch clearing cam.
  • the radially movable raising cam 212 followed by the second feed stitch cam 214 with which is associated the landing cam 216.
  • ⁇ Cams 218 and 220y are provided for rib stitch relief.
  • 222 is a radially movable lowering cam and is followed by the rib stitch clearing cam 224.
  • the conventional dividing cam is provided at 228.
  • Needle latch guards are provided at 230 and 232.
  • welt raceways for the lower cylinder are designated 23:6 and 237, while welt raceways for the upper cylinder are designated 238 and 239.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the layout of slider
  • the butts are at the levels 256, 258, 260, 262, and 264.
  • the layout is typical for 132 needles and for links-links operation.
  • the lower cylinder knitting butts 256 are of three heights, short, medium, and long, and are designated 256s, 256m, and 2561, respectively.
  • butts 258 are alternately arranged with short and long butts designated 258s and 2581, with thevexception of two medium butts 258ml, the last appearing at the left and right of FIGURE 3.
  • the upper cylinder knitting butts 260 are of two heights, medium and long, which are respectively designated 260m and 260].
  • the lupper cylinder transfer butts 262 are of three heights short, medium and long, respectively designated 262s, 262m and 2621. Additionally, certain upper cylinder sliders have a third long butt 264, these last sliders being in the panel overlapping the knitting butts 260m.
  • movements of the main cam drum are effected in the same fashion as in conventional Scott and Williams Komet machines.
  • the main control drum is advanced by a racking pawl controlled by links on a main chain so as to engage or miss teeth on the main drum rack wheel, and the movement of the racking pawl is in a sequence of one long and two short strokes.
  • the drum is advanced in varying increments as required by the functional changes involved in knitting.
  • air flow at positive pressure is automatically and continuously supplied either from an individual motor driven centrifugal fan attached to each machine or from a common mill air source piped to a line of machines.
  • the air ow from the source is directed into tube 140, and flows downwardly through tube 122, being deflected toward the fabric by member 132 and exhausted to atmosphere through the tube 72.
  • This flow of air forces the fabric against the members 76 and 78 producing a tension which has both inward and downward components providing both the proper tension at the needles and downward movement of completed fabric into a through tube 72.
  • the air also ejects the completed stocking from the machine.
  • Lower cylinder cams 182 and 170 are withdrawn from engagement with all butts.
  • Cams 164 and 174 are in their inner operating positions.
  • Upper cylinder cams 192 and 212 are withdrawn.
  • ⁇ Cams 208 and 222 are in their inner active positions. The machine is then ready for the start of the makeup sequence. For uniformity of description, a cylinder revolution will be considered as starting with the slider butts at the left of FIGURE 3 entering the cams at the right of FIGURE 2.
  • the rst cylinder revolution is particularly concerned with the opening of needle latches.
  • the lower cylinder sliders, all of which carry needles, move over cam 180 at cleared height and are drawn downwardly by cams and 152. As those with butts 2561 are passing cam 164, this cam is stepped out to miss the butts 256s and moves all the way out during the passage of the latter.
  • a valve (not shown) is opened to admit air under pressure through nozzle 234.
  • the needles associated with the first 256s butt and all subsequent needles are not elevated by cam 164 but the butts 256 move in the welt race 236 and are then raised by cams 174 and 178.
  • the latches of all of the needles are opened by the air blast. Opening is permitted by the cut away portion of the latch guard 232, and once opening has occurred the latch guard maintains the latches open.
  • the sliders having butts 260m and all subsequent sliders move in the welt race 238 and are thereafter lowered by the cams 222 and 224.
  • the purpose of passing the upper cylinder Asliders at the welt level is to permit unobstructed direction of the air jet toward the lower cylinder needle latches.
  • the special stationary transfer cam 240 is radially fixed with respect to the cylinder to miss short transfer butts 25Ss but engage medium and long transfer butts.
  • Medium transfer butts 258m are positioned under the next to the last 256s butt and under the first 256m butt in order to elevate adjacent sliders at the end of the short knittingT butt panel and the beginning of the medium knitting butt panel during the withdrawal of cam 174, the withdrawal of which is fast.
  • cam 182 is stepped in over the Ialternate 256s sliders to raise the alternate 256m and 256] sliders.
  • the transfer cam 184 is moved in but not sufficiently far to engage the 258m butts.
  • the intervening needles remain at welt level. Knitting butts of their associated sliders pass in welt race 237 and their transfer butts pass below all transfer cams. Accordingly, starting with the second medium butt 256m (or the first alternate needle) all alternate sliders are raised to bring their long transfer butts 258i into a path to engage the transfer cam 184 and raise their sliders only.
  • Transfer of alternate needles to the upper cylinder sliders is accomplished conventionally by the action of the dividing cam 228. All upper cylinder sliders and the associated alternate needles are raised by cam 198. These alternate needles take yarn at the main feed and draw loops (II of FIGURE 4) as the sliders are raised by the rib stitch cam 200, the loops being drawn about the portions of yarn lying previously on their Shanks. These needles are not cleared since the cams 2fl8 and 222 are inactive, and all of the upper cylinders sliders move in the welt raceways 238 and 239, holding the loops drawn by them.
  • the intervening needles which are in the lower cylinder continue to pass at welt level and miss the main feed yarn.
  • cam 182 As the 2551 butts are passing cam 182 it is stepped out and is completely withdrawn as the trailing panels of 256m and 256s butts pass it.
  • Cam 184 is also withdrawn.
  • cam 164 steps in as 256s butts pass it to raise the first 256m and all subsequent sliders. These, all the lower cylinder sliders and associated intervening needles are raised to clear height by cam 168. Immediately after this action cam 174 is moved into the cylinder.
  • the operation first described may be continued, as stated, for a desired number of courses.
  • Two feed 1 x 1 rib knitting is effected in subsequent revolutions by moving cam 208 into action and introducing yarn at the second feed (shown black in FIGURE 4), cams 212 and 170 being stepped into action at the same time.
  • transfer cam 192 Prior to knitting the toe, transfer cam 192 is moved all the way in to effect transfer of all needles from the upper cylinder to the lower cylinder, and the second feed yarn is withdrawn and cams and 212 are moved out of action. In the last rundown stroke, all needles will Ibe knitting in the lower cylinder at the main feed. After the reciprocatory knitted toe is completed, the machine clutch is shifted and the terminal courses including the looper waste are plain knitted in rundown at the main feed. All of this last sequence is conventional in all respects.
  • Press-off is effected by withdrawal of the main feed yarn in the vicinity of the middle of the series of short knitting butts 256s. During the final round the needles cast off their terminal loops as they are drawn down by the'main feed stitch cam 152. The continued air flow ejects the completed stocking through tube 72 to the collecting receptacle and the knitting cycle of the stocking is thus completed.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrates the make-up region of the fabric produced as described.
  • the wales produced by what have been called alternate needles are indicated .at A, i.e., those associated with sliders having long transfer butts 2581, and the wales produced by intervening needles are indicated at B.
  • the former wales A are formed by rib knitting, with the needles in the upper cylinder after transfer occurs. Wales B comprise plain knitting by needles in the lower cylinder.
  • the make-up is at one feed, the main feed, yand is completed prior to the formation of any two feed fabric, a yarn shown in black in the upper portion of FIGURE 4 indicating a yarn fed at the auxiliary or second feed.
  • Round I is constituted by the yarn at the main feed initially taken by the intervening needles and extending across the Shanks of the laternate needles.
  • the held stitches II' extend across floats of the rounds III, IV and V.
  • plain stitches are formed, and through the rounds up to the including VIII knitting is at the main feed only, round IX constituting the first course knit at the auxiliary feed.
  • the method of effecting make-up on bare needles of a circular knitting machine comprising upper and lower superposed needle cylinders, sliders mounted in said cylinders, double ended latch needles mounted to slide in said cylinders and controlled by said sli-ders, means for feeding yarns to needles in both the upper and lower cylinders in at least one feed station, means for transferring needles between the cylinders, latch opening means, and means controlling said sliders, yarn feeding means, transferring means, and latch opening means, said method comprising locating all of the needles in one cylinder, effecting opening of the latches at the free ends of all of the needles, feeding a round of yarn at said feeding station to said needles with location of the yarn yacross the shanks of alternate needles and in the hooks of intervening needles, transferring said alternate needles to the other cylinder, feeding a second round of yarn at said feeding station to the hooks of said transferred alternate needles but not to the hooks of said intervening needles, drawing loops of said second
  • a circular knitting machine comprising upper and lower superposed needle cylinders, sliders mounted in said cylinders, double ended latch needles mounted to slide in said cylinders and controlled by said sliders, means for feeding yarns to needles in both upper and lower cylinders at at least one feeding station, means for transferring needles between the cylinders, latch openin-g means, and means controlling said sliders, yarn feeding means, transferring means, and latch opening means, said controlling means including means for locating all of the needles in one cylinder, means for effecting opening of the latches at the free ends of all of the needles, means Ifor feeding a round of yarn at said feeding station to said needles with location of the yarn across the shanks of alternate needles and in the hooks of intervening needles, means for transferring said alternate needles to the other cylinder, means for feeding a second round of yarn at said feeding station to the hooks of said transferred :alternate needles but not to the hooks of said intervening needles, means for drawing loops of said second round of yarn by
  • a circular knitting machine comprising upper and lower superposed needle cylinders, sliders mounted in said cylinders, double ended latch needles mounted to slide in said cylinders and controlled by said sliders, means for feeding yarns to needles in both the upper and lower cylinders in at least one feeding station, means for transferring needles between the cylinders, latch opening means, and means controlling said sliders, yarn feeding means, transferring means, and latch opening means, said machine comprising further, 'a fabric-receiving member located within the lower cylinder and provided with an upwardly opening entrance portion which converges downwardly, said member and the cylinders having relative rotary movement, the interior of said entran-ce portion having at least one inwardly directed projection, and means directing air downwardly through sai-d entrance portions to urge lfabric downwardly and into engagement with said inwardly directed projections so that relative rotary motion between the fabric ⁇ an-d projections provides inwardly directed tension to the fabric a'way from the needles.
  • a circular knitting Imachine according to claim 4 in which at least one of said projections is in the form of sloping vanes directed to impart frictionally downrward movement of fabric.
  • a circular knitting machine including means adjacent to said member and on the axis of said cylinders yfor imparting to the air an outward radial component of motion to press fabric against said inwardly directed projection.
  • a circular knitting machine including means adjacent to said member and on the yaxis of said cylinders for imparting to the air an outward radial component of motion to press fabric against said inwardly directed projection.
  • a circular knitting machine including means adjacent to said member and on the axis of said cylinders for imparting to the air on outward radial component of motion to press fabric against said inwardly directed projection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
US630113A 1967-04-11 1967-04-11 Knitting machine and method Expired - Lifetime US3420075A (en)

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US63011367A 1967-04-11 1967-04-11

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BE (1) BE712799A (cs)
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GB (1) GB1151149A (cs)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779041A (en) * 1972-08-08 1973-12-18 G Gati Knitting machine
US3826111A (en) * 1970-03-11 1974-07-30 Bentley Eng Co Ltd Circular knitting machine suction takeup

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2658366A (en) * 1952-02-08 1953-11-10 Scott & Williams Inc Knitting machine
US2736177A (en) * 1956-02-28 Knitting machine and method
US2763144A (en) * 1951-08-11 1956-09-18 Scott & Williams Inc Knitting machine and method of knitting
US2844952A (en) * 1955-05-05 1958-07-29 Hemphill Co Fabric tensioning method and mechanism
GB806466A (en) * 1955-12-27 1958-12-23 Fidelity Machine Company Inc A pneumatic take-up device for a circular knitting machine
US3054280A (en) * 1959-07-09 1962-09-18 H E Crawford Company Inc Fabric tensioning means for circular knitting machine
US3063275A (en) * 1959-02-10 1962-11-13 Luchi Vinicio Device for everting tubular fabric
US3342043A (en) * 1963-12-27 1967-09-19 Scott & Williams Inc Knitting machines and methods

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736177A (en) * 1956-02-28 Knitting machine and method
US2763144A (en) * 1951-08-11 1956-09-18 Scott & Williams Inc Knitting machine and method of knitting
US2658366A (en) * 1952-02-08 1953-11-10 Scott & Williams Inc Knitting machine
US2844952A (en) * 1955-05-05 1958-07-29 Hemphill Co Fabric tensioning method and mechanism
GB806466A (en) * 1955-12-27 1958-12-23 Fidelity Machine Company Inc A pneumatic take-up device for a circular knitting machine
US3063275A (en) * 1959-02-10 1962-11-13 Luchi Vinicio Device for everting tubular fabric
US3054280A (en) * 1959-07-09 1962-09-18 H E Crawford Company Inc Fabric tensioning means for circular knitting machine
US3342043A (en) * 1963-12-27 1967-09-19 Scott & Williams Inc Knitting machines and methods

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3826111A (en) * 1970-03-11 1974-07-30 Bentley Eng Co Ltd Circular knitting machine suction takeup
US3779041A (en) * 1972-08-08 1973-12-18 G Gati Knitting machine

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DE1760155A1 (de) 1972-05-25
DE1760155C3 (de) 1973-09-13
DE1760155B2 (de) 1973-02-22
BE712799A (cs) 1968-07-31
GB1151149A (en) 1969-05-07

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