US3419339A - Inspirator assembly - Google Patents

Inspirator assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US3419339A
US3419339A US614709A US61470967A US3419339A US 3419339 A US3419339 A US 3419339A US 614709 A US614709 A US 614709A US 61470967 A US61470967 A US 61470967A US 3419339 A US3419339 A US 3419339A
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United States
Prior art keywords
gas
inspirator
air
assembly
guide
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Expired - Lifetime
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US614709A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert E Schreter
Melvin J Parker
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Hauck Manufacturing Inc
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Hauck Manufacturing Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hauck Manufacturing Inc filed Critical Hauck Manufacturing Inc
Priority to US614709A priority Critical patent/US3419339A/en
Priority to GB5654/68A priority patent/GB1168064A/en
Priority to FR1555027D priority patent/FR1555027A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3419339A publication Critical patent/US3419339A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/28—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams characterised by the specific design of the jet injector
    • B01F25/282—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams characterised by the specific design of the jet injector the jet injector being of Coanda-type, i.e. having a surface to attract the jet for adjusting its direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3121—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an inspirator assembly, and more particularly to an improved mixing device for an inspirator assembly for forming an intimate mixture of gases.
  • fuel gas is supplied under high pressure to the nozzle of an inspirator which injects the gas into the throat of a venturi at a relatively high velocity.
  • the energy of the gas stream is used to inspirate air into the stream.
  • the inspirator also mixes the air with the gas and delivers the desired mixture to a combustion device.
  • the gas must be supplied under relatively high pressure, however, to provide suflicient energy to inspirate the necessary air for combustion and to provide sufficient static pressure to satisfy the needs of the combustion device.
  • Another type of air-gas mixing system suitable for fuel gases is the low pressure proportional mixer in which gas at atmospheric pressure is inspirated or drawn into a stream of air flowing at relatively low pressures.
  • a blower, or the like is required to provide the necessary flow of air to inspirate the required amount of gas.
  • Both the high and low pressure mixing systems also require a relatively long diverging discharge nozzle which must be of suflicient length to permit the eflicient conversion of velocity into static pressure.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved inspirating assembly which is physically much smaller than existing inspirating devices.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a gasair mixing device for an inspirator assembly which does not require a blower or other air driving mechanism.
  • Still a further object of this invention is to provide a mixing device for an inspirator assembly that achieves eflicient static pressure regain without requiring a long venturi section.
  • Still another object of one embodiment of this invention is to provide a gas-air mixing device for entraining combustible amounts of air in flowing stream of gas supplied under relatively low pressure.
  • Still a further object of one embodiment of this invention is to provide an inspirator assembly that is compact in size, readily attachable to a combustion chamber, burner nozzle, or the like, and is inexpensive to manufacture.
  • the lip of the orifice should progressively recede away from the direction of emergence of the fluid from the orifice.
  • the lip prevents surrounding fluid from flowing into the space between the lip and the emerging stream of fluid.
  • additional ambient fluid cannot fill this space and a partial vacuum is created adjacent the lip.
  • the partial vacuum adjacent the lip creates a suction force on that side of the emerging fluid stream which is adjacent the lip. This suction force deflects or pulls the stream closer to the lip.
  • the deflection of the emerging fluid toward the lip increases the suction force on the ambient fluid on the opposite side of the emerging fluid from the lip. This increased suction force induces-significantly more ambient fluid into the emerging fluid than would be drawn into a fluid emerging from an identical orifice having no lip or obstruction.
  • the inspirator assembly of this invention comprises a housing having an upstream end open to air, a downstream end leading to a burner device, and an air-gas mixing device within said housing.
  • the mixing device includes a duct extending into said housing for supplying gas under pressure, and a guide mounted within said housing and being aligned with and positioned close to the discharge end of the duct.
  • the discharge end of the duct and the guide define a slot for discharging gas from the duct in a substantially radial direction.
  • the surface of the guide adjacent the discharge end of the duct is substantially symmetrical about a central axis of the guide and progressively recedes downstream from the radial direction of emergence of gas through the slot to cause a stream of gas emerging from the slot to be deflected toward the receding surface of the guide and to entrain air, from the housing, into the gas stream.
  • the surface of the guide adjacent to the discharge end of the gas duct is hemispherical.
  • the guide may also include a diffuser section downstream from the hemispherical surface. This diffuser section, which desirably is parabolic in shape, causes the gas-air mixture to decrease its velocity pressure and attain static pressure regain.
  • Means may be provided in the inspirator assembly for adjusting the width of the gas slot between the duct and the guide to permit the inspirator to attain maximum efficiency with different types of fuels.
  • the inspirator assembly may be used with air as the pressure gas and include a liquid fuel atomizer at or near the end of the diffuser to permit the inspirator to operate with a liquid fuel, such as oil.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of an embodiment of the inspirator assembly of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the mixing device of the inspirator assembly of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the operation of the inspirator assembly of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation, partially in section, of the downstream end of an embodiment of the inspirator assembly of this invention in combination with a flame-retaining nozzle;
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevation, partially in section, of another embodiment of the inspirator assembly of this invention incorporating an auxiliary liquid fuel atomizer.
  • the inspirator assembly of this invention includes a housing 10 having an upstream end 12 open to the ambient air and a downstream end 14 leading to a burner device or combustion chamber shown generally at 16.
  • a joint 19 is provided in an opening 18 in the side of housing 10 for connection of the inspirator assembly to a conventional fuel gas supply line.
  • a gas-air mixing device is provided within housing 10 for entraining air into a gas stream to provide a combustible mixture of fuel gas and air to burner device 16.
  • the gas-air mixing device includes a gas supply duct generally indicated at 20 having a supply conduit 24 connected to joint 19 and a discharge chamber 22 terminating at an open end 30.
  • Supply duct 20 is suitably secured to the housing as by screws 25 passing through the housing and threadably engaged to an aerodynamically designed supporting plate 26 secured to conduit 24.
  • a gasket 27 is provided between plate 26 and the inside surface of the housing to provide a leakproof connection between joint 19 and conduit 24.
  • Supply duct 20 has a smooth outer cylindrical surface 28 with a streamlined upstream end 2. l9 minimize resistance to the flow of air entering housing 10 through open end 12.
  • a guide is provided in housing 10 for causing the stream of gas to emerge from supply duct 20 in a substantially radial direction and for causing the gas stream to induce air from the housing into the gas stream.
  • guide 32 is symmetrical about its central axis 33, and is located coaxial with end 30 of discharge chamber 22 of supply duct 20. End 30 of supply duct 20 and the surface of guide 32 define an annular slot 34 through which gas can emerge into housing 10.
  • Guide 32 includes an entrainment section 36 having a hemispherical surface 38 which progressively recedes away from the direction of emergence of the gas from slot 34, and a diffuser section 40 having a parabolic or cone-shaped surface 41.
  • a rod 42 is provided projecting upstream from the entrainment section of guide 32 and is secured within an opening 44 in supply duct 20 to hold guide 32 in the desired location with respect to the discharge end 30 of supply duct 20.
  • Rod 42 is threadably engaged by an adjustment screw 46 protruding through upstream end 29 of supply duct 20.
  • Screw 46 permits axial adjustment of guide 32 with respect to supply duct 20 to vary the width of annular slot 34 between the end 30 of supply duct 20 and entrainment section 36 of guide 32.
  • a set screw 48 is further provided to engage rod 42 and lock guide 32 in the desired location.
  • gas is supplied under pressure through supply duct 20.
  • Gas 50 emerges from annular slot 34 in a radial direction substantially normal to the axis of discharge chamber 22 of supply duct 20.
  • the stream reduces the local pressure at entrainment section 36 and is deflected toward hemispherical surface 38 of guide 32. This deflection of the gas stream causes ambient air to flow toward surface 38 and to be entrained into the gas stream as indicated by arrows 52.
  • the receding surface 38 of entrainment section 36 of guide 32 should be long enough to allow a sufficient amount of air to be entrained in the gas stream to provide a completely combustible mixture.
  • the amount of air required will depend upon the requirements of the particular gas being used.
  • the desired entrainment ratio of air to gas must be substantially reached by the time the airgas stream passes over the end of the entrainment section is of the guide 32 and begins to flow along diffuser section When the gas stream flows along hemispherical surface 38 of guide 32 continuously entraining air into the stream, the gas-air mixture layer expands due to the increased amounts of air now flowing with the stream.
  • a sufficient distance 53 is provided between the widest point 68 of guide 32 and the inside Wall 66 of housing 10 (see FIG. 4) to permit the gas-air mixture to flow through this area of the burner assembly without obstruction or unnecessary pressure loss.
  • Diffuser section 40 of guide 32 while not essential to achieving the proper entrainment ratio of air in the gas, is desirable to permit the eflicient transformation of velocity to static pressure and also to assist in providing a uniform gas velocity at the outlet of the inspirator.
  • the inspirator assembly is coupled directly to a burner device and the velocity of flow of the gas-air mixture into the burner is too high, the flame in the burner will blow off; and consequently, it is necessary to lower the velocity of the gas-air mixture for close coupled units. If the velocity is too low or if the velocity profile is such that any portion of the mixture stream has a velocity less than the rate of flame propagation of the mixture, then the flame Will flash back into the inspirator. Thus it is desirable to increase the cross-sectional area of the inspirator outlet through which the gas-air mixture flows to decrease the velocity of the mixture to a desired amount. The increase in area, however, should not be so abrupt that turbulence will be created in the mixture stream resulting in conversion losses or low velocity areas in the flow of the mixture stream.
  • the divergent section of the venturi is usually quite long in order to provide for etficient conversion of velocity to static pressure.
  • this long divergent section provides for not only an efficient conversion but also for a relatively uniform velocity across the cross-section of the outlet of the inspirator.
  • the required decrease in the velocity of the mixture in the present inspirator assembly is provided by the diffuser 40 which progressively increases the cross-sectional area of the chamber 54 through which the mixture flows.
  • the diffuser also assists in preventing the formation of wakes downstream of the entrainment section 36 of guide 32. Under normal circumstances, if no diffuser were attached to entrainment section 36, a turbulent zone would form in the lea of entrainment section 36. This turbulent, low velocity area would provide a flashback path from the burner into the inspirator assembly. By providing the diffuser section downstream of entrainment section 36, pro vision is made for the transition of the annular stream to a solid stream without excessive turbulence.
  • Converging walls 58 are provided on the inside of housing to further help stabilize the gas-air mixture so that a smooth flowing stream of relatively uniform velocity is achieved.
  • a flame holder may be attached to housing 10 to help preserve the flame structure and prevent flashback.
  • flame retaining nozzle generally 60, is mounted at open end 14 of housing 10.
  • An annular flange 61 is mounted internally of nozzle 60 and forms an annular recess 62 adjacent the internal wall of nozzle 60.
  • a plurality of spaced ports 64 connect recess 62 with open end 14 of housing 10. Ports 64 permit a small part of the gas-air mixture from chamber 54 to flow into annular recess 62. The gas-air mixture burns in recess 62, thus assisting in maintaining the primary flame in the burner.
  • liquid fuel such as oil
  • FIG. 6 an embodiment of this invention, illustrated in FIG. 6, is capable of advantageously converting from providing a gas-air mixture to providing a liqiud fuel-air mixture.
  • a conventional liquid fuel atomizer 70 is mounted in the tip of diffuser 40 of guide 32.
  • Atomizer 70 is connected to an auxiliary source of liquid fuel through a conduit 72 extending along center line 33 of guide 32, and through shaft 42 which is hollow.
  • Conduit 72 exits through an opening in the side of shaft 42 and a slot 74 in the upstream extension of supply duct 20.
  • air under pressure is supplied to supply duct 20 which entrains additional air in housing 10 in a similar manner to the entrainment of the air in the fuel gas as previously described.
  • oil is sprayed through atomizer 70 into the flowing air stream to provide a combustible mixture of oil and air.
  • any conventional fuel gas regardless of its thermal quality and its air to gas combustion ratio is suitable for use in the inspirator assembly of this invention.
  • the mixing device is adjustable so that the desired entrainment ratio can be achieved depending upon the particular fuel gas selected. With this inspirator assembly, it is not necessary to supply the gas under as high a pressure as in a conventional high pressure inspirator or to provide blowers or other means to force the air as in a conventional low pressure inspirator.
  • the inspirator of the present invention has a significantly greater efliciency than a conventional commercial inspirator and thus is capable of attaining the same volume of inspirated air :as a conventional inspirator while utilizing a significantly lower gas inlet pressure.
  • the lower operating pressure permissible with the present inspirator permits conversion from velocity to static pressure to take place in a relatively short diverging nozzle, thus eliminating the need for a long venturi section to achieve efficient static pressure regain.
  • An inspirator assembly for providing a mixture of gas and air comprising: a housing having an upstream end open to air and a downstream end open for connection to a burner device; a duct extending into said housing for supplying gas under pressure, said duct having a discharge end; a guide mounted within said housing and being aligned with and positioned close to the discharge end of said duct, the discharge end of said duct and said guide defining a slot for discharging gas from the duct in a substantially radial direction, the surface of said guide adjacent said duct being substantially symmetrical about a central axis of the guide and progressively receding downstream from the radial direction of emergence of gas through the slot to cause a stream of gas emerging from the slot to be deflected toward the receding surface of said guide and to entrain air, from the housing, into the gas stream to form a mixture of gas and air, said guide including a parabolic shaped diffuser coaxial with and having a tapered surface extending downstream from said substantially symmetrical surface of
  • the inspirator assembly of claim 1 including inwardly converging walls on the inside of the housing extending downstream from a point near the base of the diffuser, said converging walls and the surface of the diffuser providing an expanding area in the direction of flow of the mixture.
  • the inspirator assembly of claim 5 including flame retaining means mounted on the housing downstream of Lhe lguide to preserve the flame structure and prevent flash- 7.
  • An inspirator assembly providing a mixture of two gases comprising: a housing having an upstream end open to a supply of one gas, a downstream end open for connection to a burner device; and a mixing device within said housing, said mixing device including a duct extending into said housing for supplying another gas under pressure, a guide mounted within said housing and being aligned with and positioned close to the discharge end of said duct, the discharge end of said duct and said guide defining a slot for discharging gas from said duct in a substantially radial direction, said guide having a hemispherical surface extending downstream from the radial direction of emergence of gas through the slot to cause a stream of gas emerging from the slot to be deflected toward the receding surface of said guide and to entrain the gas from said housing into the emerging stream and a parabolic diffuser coaxial with and having a tapered surface extending downstream from said hemisphere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
US614709A 1967-02-08 1967-02-08 Inspirator assembly Expired - Lifetime US3419339A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US614709A US3419339A (en) 1967-02-08 1967-02-08 Inspirator assembly
GB5654/68A GB1168064A (en) 1967-02-08 1968-02-05 An Improved Inspirator Assembly for a Gasburner
FR1555027D FR1555027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-02-08 1968-02-07

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US614709A US3419339A (en) 1967-02-08 1967-02-08 Inspirator assembly

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US3419339A true US3419339A (en) 1968-12-31

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FR (1) FR1555027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1168064A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3709654A (en) * 1969-11-19 1973-01-09 British Petroleum Co Burner
US3833337A (en) * 1971-04-29 1974-09-03 British Petroleum Co Flarestacks
US3947216A (en) * 1973-11-07 1976-03-30 Institutul Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica Burner for liquid fuels
US4302178A (en) * 1980-02-11 1981-11-24 Maxon Corporation Variable pressure valve
US4585021A (en) * 1984-02-13 1986-04-29 Maxon Corporation Gas flow rate control regulator valve
DE4427104A1 (de) * 1994-07-30 1996-02-01 Prematechnik Ges Fuer Verfahre Gasbrenner mit geringem Anteil von NOX-Gasen bei der Verbrennung von Brenngasen oder Brenngasgemischen
US20150316257A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-11-05 Roman Alexandrovich Skachkov Multiphase flare for effluent flow
EP3217094A1 (en) 2016-03-11 2017-09-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner apparatus and method of combustion
IT201700106688A1 (it) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-25 I C I Caldaie S P A Caldaia per la produzione di acqua calda o vapore.
US20190093922A1 (en) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-28 I.C.I. Caldaie S.P.A. Boiler

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL181601C (nl) * 1977-07-27 Stelrad Group Ltd Gasbrander voor constante vlamgrootte.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US562089A (en) * 1896-06-16 Burner for fuel-gas
US1697549A (en) * 1925-12-15 1929-01-01 Wolff Friedrich High-pressure gas burner
GB529316A (en) * 1938-05-28 1940-11-19 Mintscho Popoff Improvements in spraying devices
US2860483A (en) * 1953-01-02 1958-11-18 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for burning fluid fuel in a high velocity air stream with addition of lower velocity air during said burning
US3215187A (en) * 1962-06-20 1965-11-02 Tinker Charles Dean Oil atomizing burner
US3224488A (en) * 1962-10-11 1965-12-21 Sinclair Research Inc Oil burner having a combustion aid
US3227202A (en) * 1964-03-10 1966-01-04 Patterson Kelley Co Gas burner
US3319692A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-16 Iit Res Inst Oil burner

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US562089A (en) * 1896-06-16 Burner for fuel-gas
US1697549A (en) * 1925-12-15 1929-01-01 Wolff Friedrich High-pressure gas burner
GB529316A (en) * 1938-05-28 1940-11-19 Mintscho Popoff Improvements in spraying devices
US2860483A (en) * 1953-01-02 1958-11-18 Phillips Petroleum Co Apparatus for burning fluid fuel in a high velocity air stream with addition of lower velocity air during said burning
US3215187A (en) * 1962-06-20 1965-11-02 Tinker Charles Dean Oil atomizing burner
US3224488A (en) * 1962-10-11 1965-12-21 Sinclair Research Inc Oil burner having a combustion aid
US3227202A (en) * 1964-03-10 1966-01-04 Patterson Kelley Co Gas burner
US3319692A (en) * 1965-06-01 1967-05-16 Iit Res Inst Oil burner

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3709654A (en) * 1969-11-19 1973-01-09 British Petroleum Co Burner
US3833337A (en) * 1971-04-29 1974-09-03 British Petroleum Co Flarestacks
US3947216A (en) * 1973-11-07 1976-03-30 Institutul Pentru Creatie Stiintifica Si Tehnica Burner for liquid fuels
US4302178A (en) * 1980-02-11 1981-11-24 Maxon Corporation Variable pressure valve
US4585021A (en) * 1984-02-13 1986-04-29 Maxon Corporation Gas flow rate control regulator valve
DE4427104A1 (de) * 1994-07-30 1996-02-01 Prematechnik Ges Fuer Verfahre Gasbrenner mit geringem Anteil von NOX-Gasen bei der Verbrennung von Brenngasen oder Brenngasgemischen
US20150316257A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2015-11-05 Roman Alexandrovich Skachkov Multiphase flare for effluent flow
EP3217094A1 (en) 2016-03-11 2017-09-13 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner apparatus and method of combustion
WO2017153348A1 (en) 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Burner apparatus and method of combustion
US10914468B2 (en) 2016-03-11 2021-02-09 Technip Benelux B.V. Burner apparatus and method of combustion
IT201700106688A1 (it) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-25 I C I Caldaie S P A Caldaia per la produzione di acqua calda o vapore.
EP3460353A1 (en) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-27 I.C.I. Caldaie S.p.A. Boiler for producing hot water or steam
US20190093922A1 (en) * 2017-09-25 2019-03-28 I.C.I. Caldaie S.P.A. Boiler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1168064A (en) 1969-10-22
FR1555027A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-01-24

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