US3417709A - Air-cushion sustained vehicles - Google Patents

Air-cushion sustained vehicles Download PDF

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US3417709A
US3417709A US553738A US55373866A US3417709A US 3417709 A US3417709 A US 3417709A US 553738 A US553738 A US 553738A US 55373866 A US55373866 A US 55373866A US 3417709 A US3417709 A US 3417709A
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air
vehicle
cushions
plane
cushion
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US553738A
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Bertin Jean Henri
Feve Marcel Leon Barthelemy
Guienne Paul Francois
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Bertin Technologies SAS
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Bertin et Cie SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60V—AIR-CUSHION VEHICLES
    • B60V3/00—Land vehicles, waterborne vessels, or aircraft, adapted or modified to travel on air cushions
    • B60V3/02—Land vehicles, e.g. road vehicles
    • B60V3/04—Land vehicles, e.g. road vehicles co-operating with rails or other guiding means, e.g. with air cushion between rail and vehicle

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  • the problem is to supply the air cushions by so devising the system for producing the compressed air and distributing the same to the various cushions that such system takes up very little of the space bounded by the vehicle envelope or shell-for the vehicle loading gauge is of course limited-while ensuring that the supply of air to the cushions is very reliable and satisfactorily uniform.
  • the air cushion supply means comprise at least two compressors or fans, to deliver the compressed air, and two motors, to drive the compressors, with provision for coupling such that either the two motors can drive the compressors or just one motor can drive both compressors in the event of the other motor failing.
  • Ithe compressors and the motors are disposed on either side of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle so as to form a compact group which can be installed in the central part of the vehicle near the centre of the gravity thereof; preferably, the group is so devised that the co-mpressors are symmetrical of the vertical axis of the group, and so are the motors, the overall arrangement ensuring that the vehicle is balanced satisfactorily.
  • the compressors and associated air outlets can be embodied by the means, comprising a centrifugal fan or compressor having air outlets distributed around the diffuser, which are described in French Patent No. 1,445,525 issued Iune 6, 1966.
  • the means comprising a centrifugal fan or compressor having air outlets distributed around the diffuser, which are described in French Patent No. 1,445,525 issued Iune 6, 1966.
  • the centrifugal fans are so positioned that their axis is horizontal, the air outlets of the single compressor can be distributed in a vertical plane, a feature further facilitating the contriving of the groups and of the supply piping for the various air cushions while helping to standardise air distribution conditions between the cushions.
  • FIGURE l is a side view, in vertical elevation and with part of the outer ⁇ shell or envelope broken away, of an 3,417,799 Patented Dec. 24, 1968 embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention;
  • FIG URE 2 is a view in horizontal projection and corresponding to FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a vetrical section on the line III-HI of FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURE 3 show a vehicle which is specially adapted for an inverted-T guide track, as can be seen clearly in FIGURE 3.
  • Two ⁇ bearing surfaces 1, 2 of the track (in FIGURE 3, the surfaces 1, 2 are shown as being horizontal but they can be inclined transversely to opposite hands) are adapted to bear the weight of the v-ehicle via air cushions produced at places 3, 4 between the surfaces 1, 2 and the vehicle body bottom walls 5, 6.
  • the central vertical stroke or upright part 7 of the track guides the vehicle, the same being formed centrally with a deep inverted-U longitudinal groove 8 so as to straddle the upright part 7.
  • Guidance is provided by vertical air cushions produced at places 9, 10 between the vehicle body vertical walls and the respective surfaces of the track part 7.
  • the air cushions must be arranged in at least two rows disposed symmetrically of the longitudinal plane A-A of symmetry of the vehicle.
  • the embodiment shown comprises two rotary compressors or ventilators 11, 12 associated with two driving motors 13, 14 shown as explosion or internal-combustion engines.
  • One motor and one compressor are provided on each side of the plane A-A and, as FIGURE ,2 shows, on the one hand the compressors, and, on the other hand, the engines are disposed symmetrically of the vertical axis, passing through a point C, of the assembly which they form, a factor helping in the vehicle balancing.
  • the latter axis also passes through the centre yof gravity of the vehicle.
  • the compressors shown are of the centrifugal kind and their shafts 1S, 16 are horizontal, so that the air intakes 11a, 12a associated with each compressor can be disposed in substantially vertical planes on either side of the plane A-A, as the plan view in FIGURE 2 shows.
  • Output shafts 17, 18 of the engines 13, 14 are disposed in respective prolongation of the shafts 15, 16 of the compresors 11, 12 ⁇ driven by the engines.
  • the shafts of the two motor-compressor sets are interconnected by an intermediate shaft 19 which the drawing shows as being placed in the plane of symmetry of the vehicle and connected by universal joints 20 and gearing 21 to the compressor shafts.
  • the output shaft of each engine comprises a free wheel 22, 23 respectively.
  • a normally disengaged coupling can be provided on the intermediate shaft 1'9 and normally engaged couplings can be provided on the shafts 17, 18, so that in the event of either motor failing in any way, the coupling 0f the failing or failed motor is disengaged simultaneously as the coupling of the shaft 19 is engaged.
  • the compressor 11 delivers to four air outlets p1, p2, p3, p4, which follow the compressor diffuser and in shape resem- 3 ble a portion of a volute in prolongation of diffuser bladin g diagrammatically denoted in FIGURE 1 by chain lines a.
  • the aforesaid French patent discloses this latter feature, which provides good separation between the various air ow components delivered by a single compressor, helps to make such components substantially independent of one another, and helps to divide the air ow uniformly.
  • the air outlets p1, p3, of the compressor 11 deliver to two elongated boxes 25, 26 disposed below the vehicle bottom wall 6.
  • the boxes 25, 26 supply two air cushions 4 and Valso act as reserves therefor.
  • Each cushion is bounded laterally by a flexible Wall 'or skirt 28 connected to the underside of the vehicle.
  • the wall 28, which is impervious to air, is embodied, for instance, by a rubberized fabric.
  • the air outlets p2, p4 of the compressor 11 supply two boxes 29, 30 disposed vertically and consecutively al'ong a vertical wall of the body parts straddling the central upright 7 of the track.
  • Through holes, ,as 31, the boxes 29, 30 supply the air cushions 10 which help to provide guidance and which, like the air cushions just described, are bounded by a flexible wall or skirt 32 secured to the vehicle.
  • a similar and symmetrical system associated with the fan 12 enable air to be supplied to the air cushions disposed on the other side of the plane A-A.
  • the vehicle can rest on the ground through the agency of skids or horizontal-axis rollers 35 mounted on the vehicle.
  • Other vertical-axis rollers can be provided to bear against the central track upright 7, to take over in the event of accidental failure of the supply of air to the guiding cushions.
  • propulsion can be considered, such as an engine driving an airscrew (denoted by the reference 36 in FIGURE l); reaction jet and so on.
  • a ground effect machine movable along a track with the interposition of separate pressure fluid cushions formed against said track, said machine including a longitudinal medial plane and comprising shrouded fans having rotation axes substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal medial plane and pressure fluid discharge passages arcuately spaced about said axes, and pressure fluid supply ducts connecting each of said discharge passages to a respective one of said pressure fluid cushions, a substantial extent of the length of said supply ducts extending from said discharge passages in planes substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane, said fans comprising each a central fluid intake area extending in a plane substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane.
  • shrouded fans are cenntrifugal blowers comprising each peripheral pressure fluid discharge passages distributed in a plane substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane.
  • Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a motor for each fan, positioned opposite the same transversely of said machine, and a transverse drive shaft connecting each motor to the respective fan and extending substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal medial plane.
  • each motor driven fan is so arranged that the fan is positioned on one side of said longitudinal medial plane, the motor is positioned on the other side of said longitudinal medial plane, and the drive shaft extends across said longitudinal medial plane.
  • Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 4, comprising two longitudinally spaced motor driven fans in mutual head-to-tail arrangement, the fans being on opposite sides of said longitudinal medial plane and the m0- tors being likewise on opposite sides of said longitudinal medial plane.
  • Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a longitudinal auxiliary shaft extending substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane and interconnecting said transverse drive shafts.
  • Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a free -wheel system in each of said transverse drive shafts on the section thereof between the respective motor and the respective connection with said longitudinal auxiliary shaft.
  • ground effect machine cornprising a plurality of pressure fluid cushions on each side of said longitudinal medial plane, with the cushions positioned on one side of said longitudinal medial plane being supplied with pressure fluid from the fan position on the same side, and ywith the cushions positioned on the other side of said longitudinal medial plane being supplied with pressure fluid from the fan positioned on said other side.

Description

DeC 24, 1968 J. H. BERTIN ETAL 3,417,709
AIR-CUSHION SUSTAINED VEHICLES Filed May 31, 196el 2 sheets-sheet 1 Deel 24, 1968 J. H. BERTIN am 3,417,709
AIR-CUSHION SUSTAINED VEHICLES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 l Filed May 31, 1966 A N ...ME
United States Patent O i 3,417,709 AIR-CUSHION SUSTAINED VEHICLES Jean Henri Bertin, Neuilly-sur-Seine, Marcel Leon Barthelemy Feve, Taverny, and Paul Francois Guienne, Paris, France, assignors to Bertin & Cie,
Paris, France, a company of France Filed May 31, 1966, Ser. No. 553,738 Claims priority, application France, June 3, 1965,
9,438 9 Claims. (Ci. 1041-23) ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE Vehicles are known which are adapted to travel on a guide track and have means for producing air cushions at the places where the forces acting on the moving vehicle tend to produce friction between solids, the air cushions replacing the solid-to-so-lid friction by the much reduced friction of a solid on a gas, so that a relatively reduced propulsive power can provide very high speeds. The trend is to dispose the air cushions in at least two symmetrical rows on either side of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle.
The problem is to supply the air cushions by so devising the system for producing the compressed air and distributing the same to the various cushions that such system takes up very little of the space bounded by the vehicle envelope or shell-for the vehicle loading gauge is of course limited-while ensuring that the supply of air to the cushions is very reliable and satisfactorily uniform.
The air cushion supply means according to this invention comprise at least two compressors or fans, to deliver the compressed air, and two motors, to drive the compressors, with provision for coupling such that either the two motors can drive the compressors or just one motor can drive both compressors in the event of the other motor failing.
Preferably, Ithe compressors and the motors are disposed on either side of the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the vehicle so as to form a compact group which can be installed in the central part of the vehicle near the centre of the gravity thereof; preferably, the group is so devised that the co-mpressors are symmetrical of the vertical axis of the group, and so are the motors, the overall arrangement ensuring that the vehicle is balanced satisfactorily.
Advantageously, the compressors and associated air outlets can be embodied by the means, comprising a centrifugal fan or compressor having air outlets distributed around the diffuser, which are described in French Patent No. 1,445,525 issued Iune 6, 1966. When such means are used, then, if the centrifugal fans are so positioned that their axis is horizontal, the air outlets of the single compressor can be distributed in a vertical plane, a feature further facilitating the contriving of the groups and of the supply piping for the various air cushions while helping to standardise air distribution conditions between the cushions.
In the drawings:
FIGURE l is a side view, in vertical elevation and with part of the outer `shell or envelope broken away, of an 3,417,799 Patented Dec. 24, 1968 embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention;
FIG URE 2 is a view in horizontal projection and corresponding to FIGURE 1; and
FIGURE 3 is a vetrical section on the line III-HI of FIGURE 1.
The drawings show a vehicle which is specially adapted for an inverted-T guide track, as can be seen clearly in FIGURE 3. Two `bearing surfaces 1, 2 of the track (in FIGURE 3, the surfaces 1, 2 are shown as being horizontal but they can be inclined transversely to opposite hands) are adapted to bear the weight of the v-ehicle via air cushions produced at places 3, 4 between the surfaces 1, 2 and the vehicle body bottom walls 5, 6. The central vertical stroke or upright part 7 of the track guides the vehicle, the same being formed centrally with a deep inverted-U longitudinal groove 8 so as to straddle the upright part 7. Guidance is provided by vertical air cushions produced at places 9, 10 between the vehicle body vertical walls and the respective surfaces of the track part 7.
The invention is of course of use with other track guide systems, whatever guide system is used, the air cushions must be arranged in at least two rows disposed symmetrically of the longitudinal plane A-A of symmetry of the vehicle.
To produce compressed air for supplying the air cushions, the embodiment shown comprises two rotary compressors or ventilators 11, 12 associated with two driving motors 13, 14 shown as explosion or internal-combustion engines. One motor and one compressor are provided on each side of the plane A-A and, as FIGURE ,2 shows, on the one hand the compressors, and, on the other hand, the engines are disposed symmetrically of the vertical axis, passing through a point C, of the assembly which they form, a factor helping in the vehicle balancing. Advantageously, the latter axis also passes through the centre yof gravity of the vehicle.
The compressors shown are of the centrifugal kind and their shafts 1S, 16 are horizontal, so that the air intakes 11a, 12a associated with each compressor can be disposed in substantially vertical planes on either side of the plane A-A, as the plan view in FIGURE 2 shows.
Output shafts 17, 18 of the engines 13, 14 are disposed in respective prolongation of the shafts 15, 16 of the compresors 11, 12 `driven by the engines. The shafts of the two motor-compressor sets are interconnected by an intermediate shaft 19 which the drawing shows as being placed in the plane of symmetry of the vehicle and connected by universal joints 20 and gearing 21 to the compressor shafts. The output shaft of each engine comprises a free wheel 22, 23 respectively.
When both the engines are operating and running at the same speed, the shafts 17, 18 are driven by their respective engines via the respective free wheels 22, 23. If one engines operates incorectly 'or fails completely, it is automatically disengaged, via the corresponding free wheel, and the two compressors are driven by the engine which remains in operation and whose power can be increased by the vehicle driver to maintain the supply of air to the air cushions.
Of course, modifications are possible. For'instance, a normally disengaged coupling can be provided on the intermediate shaft 1'9 and normally engaged couplings can be provided on the shafts 17, 18, so that in the event of either motor failing in any way, the coupling 0f the failing or failed motor is disengaged simultaneously as the coupling of the shaft 19 is engaged.
The advantage of using centrifugal compressors is that the air delivery outlets associated with a single compressor can be devised simply and very symmetrically to supply vari-ous cushions. Referring, for instance to FIGURE l, the compressor 11 delivers to four air outlets p1, p2, p3, p4, which follow the compressor diffuser and in shape resem- 3 ble a portion of a volute in prolongation of diffuser bladin g diagrammatically denoted in FIGURE 1 by chain lines a. The aforesaid French patent discloses this latter feature, which provides good separation between the various air ow components delivered by a single compressor, helps to make such components substantially independent of one another, and helps to divide the air ow uniformly.
Referring to FIGURES l and 3, the air outlets p1, p3, of the compressor 11 deliver to two elongated boxes 25, 26 disposed below the vehicle bottom wall 6. Through holes, as 27, the boxes 25, 26 supply two air cushions 4 and Valso act as reserves therefor. Each cushion is bounded laterally by a flexible Wall 'or skirt 28 connected to the underside of the vehicle. The wall 28, which is impervious to air, is embodied, for instance, by a rubberized fabric.
Similarly, the air outlets p2, p4 of the compressor 11 supply two boxes 29, 30 disposed vertically and consecutively al'ong a vertical wall of the body parts straddling the central upright 7 of the track. Through holes, ,as 31, the boxes 29, 30 supply the air cushions 10 which help to provide guidance and which, like the air cushions just described, are bounded by a flexible wall or skirt 32 secured to the vehicle. A similar and symmetrical system associated with the fan 12 enable air to be supplied to the air cushions disposed on the other side of the plane A-A.
When the supply to the air cushions ceases, the vehicle can rest on the ground through the agency of skids or horizontal-axis rollers 35 mounted on the vehicle. Other vertical-axis rollers can be provided to bear against the central track upright 7, to take over in the event of accidental failure of the supply of air to the guiding cushions.
A variety of forms of propulsion can be considered, such as an engine driving an airscrew (denoted by the reference 36 in FIGURE l); reaction jet and so on.
What is claimed is:
1. A ground effect machine movable along a track with the interposition of separate pressure fluid cushions formed against said track, said machine including a longitudinal medial plane and comprising shrouded fans having rotation axes substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal medial plane and pressure fluid discharge passages arcuately spaced about said axes, and pressure fluid supply ducts connecting each of said discharge passages to a respective one of said pressure fluid cushions, a substantial extent of the length of said supply ducts extending from said discharge passages in planes substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane, said fans comprising each a central fluid intake area extending in a plane substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane.
2. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shrouded fans are cenntrifugal blowers comprising each peripheral pressure fluid discharge passages distributed in a plane substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane.
3. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a motor for each fan, positioned opposite the same transversely of said machine, and a transverse drive shaft connecting each motor to the respective fan and extending substantially perpendicular to said longitudinal medial plane.
4. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein each motor driven fan is so arranged that the fan is positioned on one side of said longitudinal medial plane, the motor is positioned on the other side of said longitudinal medial plane, and the drive shaft extends across said longitudinal medial plane.
5. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 4, comprising two longitudinally spaced motor driven fans in mutual head-to-tail arrangement, the fans being on opposite sides of said longitudinal medial plane and the m0- tors being likewise on opposite sides of said longitudinal medial plane.
6. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a longitudinal auxiliary shaft extending substantially parallel to said longitudinal medial plane and interconnecting said transverse drive shafts.
7. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a free -wheel system in each of said transverse drive shafts on the section thereof between the respective motor and the respective connection with said longitudinal auxiliary shaft.
8. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim S, cornprising a plurality of pressure fluid cushions on each side of said longitudinal medial plane, with the cushions positioned on one side of said longitudinal medial plane being supplied with pressure fluid from the fan position on the same side, and ywith the cushions positioned on the other side of said longitudinal medial plane being supplied with pressure fluid from the fan positioned on said other side.
9. Ground effect machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein said track has a cross section in inverted T shape with a central upright section which is straddled by said machine, and wherein Said rotation axes extend above the upmost part of said upright section.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,462,824 2/1949 Zimmerman 244-60 2,859,705 ll/l958 Cripe -2 3,190,235 6/1965 Bertin 104-23 ARTHUR A. LA POINT, Primary Examiner.
D. F. WORTH, Assistant Examiner.
U.S. Cl. X. R.
US553738A 1965-06-03 1966-05-31 Air-cushion sustained vehicles Expired - Lifetime US3417709A (en)

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FR19438A FR1468712A (en) 1965-06-03 1965-06-03 Improvements to air cushion vehicles

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577927A (en) * 1967-04-05 1971-05-11 Bertin & Cie Arrangement for confining a volume of fluid
US3583323A (en) * 1968-02-14 1971-06-08 Aerotrain Gas-cushion vehicle
US3585937A (en) * 1968-04-04 1971-06-22 Bertin & Cie Transport system comprising a track and a body movable therealong
US3712242A (en) * 1969-07-01 1973-01-23 Bertin & Cie Snow and ice track clearer for ground effect machines

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2003532C1 (en) * 1990-11-16 1993-11-30 Bernadskij Vyacheslav Yu Transport system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462824A (en) * 1944-11-03 1949-02-22 United Aircraft Corp Single or multiengined drive for plural airscrews
US2859705A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-11-11 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Motor train power unit, passageway, and cab structure
US3190235A (en) * 1962-06-26 1965-06-22 Bertin & Cie Vehicles associated to a guiding track

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462824A (en) * 1944-11-03 1949-02-22 United Aircraft Corp Single or multiengined drive for plural airscrews
US2859705A (en) * 1956-04-30 1958-11-11 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Motor train power unit, passageway, and cab structure
US3190235A (en) * 1962-06-26 1965-06-22 Bertin & Cie Vehicles associated to a guiding track

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3577927A (en) * 1967-04-05 1971-05-11 Bertin & Cie Arrangement for confining a volume of fluid
US3583323A (en) * 1968-02-14 1971-06-08 Aerotrain Gas-cushion vehicle
US3585937A (en) * 1968-04-04 1971-06-22 Bertin & Cie Transport system comprising a track and a body movable therealong
US3712242A (en) * 1969-07-01 1973-01-23 Bertin & Cie Snow and ice track clearer for ground effect machines

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OA02059A (en) 1970-05-05
GB1153371A (en) 1969-05-29
DE1297122B (en) 1969-06-12
FR1468712A (en) 1967-02-10

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