US3415307A - Process for casting ductile iron - Google Patents

Process for casting ductile iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3415307A
US3415307A US533133A US53313366A US3415307A US 3415307 A US3415307 A US 3415307A US 533133 A US533133 A US 533133A US 53313366 A US53313366 A US 53313366A US 3415307 A US3415307 A US 3415307A
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United States
Prior art keywords
pipe
mold
coating
metal
cast
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US533133A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arthur E Schuh
Martin A Rice
Andrew B Malizio
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United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC
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United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC
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Publication date
Application filed by United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC filed Critical United States Pipe and Foundry Co LLC
Priority to US533133A priority Critical patent/US3415307A/en
Priority to ES336111A priority patent/ES336111A1/es
Priority to DE19671558336 priority patent/DE1558336B2/de
Priority to BE694335D priority patent/BE694335A/xx
Priority to FR96660A priority patent/FR1516365A/fr
Priority to FI670598A priority patent/FI48757C/fi
Priority to NO167094A priority patent/NO118231B/no
Priority to YU395/67A priority patent/YU33513B/xx
Priority to GB10036/67A priority patent/GB1157054A/en
Priority to CH311867A priority patent/CH519359A/fr
Priority to NL6703477.A priority patent/NL160186C/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3415307A publication Critical patent/US3415307A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • B22D13/101—Moulds
    • B22D13/102—Linings for moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/02—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis
    • B22D13/023—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force of elongated solid or hollow bodies, e.g. pipes, in moulds rotating around their longitudinal axis the longitudinal axis being horizontal

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for casting ductile iron pipe wherein pipe are centrifugally cast in a metal mold provided with a dual coating consisting of a first layer of refractory coating material having a thickness of .01 to .06 inch and a second layer of powdered inoculating material and the metal is treated with inoculating material as it is poured into the mold, the metal in the pipe comprising 3.03.6% C, 2.3-3.75% Si and .02.07% Mg.
  • This invention relates to the production of cast iron. More particularly the invention relates to the production of substantially ferritic as-cast structures in spheroidal graphite iron. While the invention will be described in connection with the manufacture of ductile iron pipe for which the method is particularly useful, it will be immediately apparent that the method and principles described are equally applicable to other products.
  • inoculation to induce graphitization in ductile iron is well known, and inoculation prior to pouring is the general practice. It is also known in the casting of pipe that the use of a coating of ferrosilicon or calciumsilicon on the metal mold, either bare or dressed with a conventional wet spray coating, will result in finer graphite nodules and reduced chill. These pipe are easier to anneal for carbide and pearlite removal because they have a fine grain structure, fine graphite nodules and reduced chill.
  • FIGURE 1 is a typical as-cast microstructure of a 6" pipe cast on a thin wet spray coating in a De Lavaud pipe machine.
  • FIGURE 2 is a typical as-cast microstructure of a 6" pipe cast on a powdered inoculant coating applied to a bare mold in a De Lavaud casting machine.
  • FIGURE 3 is a typical as-cast microstructure of a 6" pipe cast on a thin wet spray coating overlaid with a coating of powdered inoculant in a De Lavaud pipe machine.
  • FIGURE 4 exemplifies as-cast, essentially chill free microstructures which are obtained with the use of resin sand or thick wet spray coatings for 6" pipe.
  • FIGURES 5-7 are as-cast microstructures of three different 24" pipe cast on three different thicknesses of Wet spray coating using conventional inoculation practices.
  • FIGURES 8-10 are as-cast microstructures of three pipe cast under similar conditions as the three above mentioned 24" pipe except that special inoculation practices were used.
  • FIGURES ll-l are as-cast microstructures of five 48 pipe cast using varying wet spray coating thickneses and inoculation procedures.
  • FIGS 1-3 presently used methods of casting ductile iron pipe in metal molds result in highly chilled, carbidic structures.
  • pipe cast on resin bonded sand molds a well known commercial practice, are substantially chill free but have a substantially pearlitic structure such as is shown in FIGURE 4.
  • the structures shown in FIG- URES 8-10 which were obtained by the present method are substantially carbide free and contain significant amounts of ferrite in the as-cast condition.
  • the process of the invention based on the above mentioned discovery broadly stated comprises: providing an iron of suitable composition, inoculating the molten metal to provide a high concentration of graphitization nuclei in the metal just before and during solidification (hereinafter referred to as ultra late inoculation), entrapping this transient nucleating effect at its maximum effectiveness by rapid freezing of the metal, and cooling the casting at a rate suitable to promote the transformation of austenite to ferrite plus graphite.
  • Iron compositions for use in the present process preferably are those which will result in a final pipe composition within the range of T.C. 3.13.4 Si 2.8-3.3 Mg .03.06
  • the pearlite content may be held to less than 75%, the pipe will be substantially chill free, and the graphite nodules will be numerous and small in size.
  • pipe having compositions within this range will have satisfactory properties after a simple ferritizing anneal at about 1375 F.
  • Proper inoculation of the melt is essential if the desired results are to be obtained.
  • Optimum inoculation of the melt is accomplished by introducing inoculant into the metal during pouring and solidification, and it is aimed at obtaining an extremely high population of graphitization nuclei in the melt just before and during solidification.
  • the underlying mechanism of the ultra late inoculation therefore appears to be one of providing a degree of dissolution of the inoculant such that on the one hand all discrete solid particles of inoculant become molten and an the other hand insufficient time is provided for complete homogeneous diffusion within the parent melt of the graphitizing constituents in the inoculant.
  • the post magnesium treatment inoculation procedure usually minutes prior to pouring the casting is well known.
  • the procedure is the same, but the amount of inoculant added at this stage will depend upon the amount of inoculant to be added during the casting operation as well as upon the composition of the metal.
  • other commonly used procedures such as add ing the inoculant with or as part of the magnesium treating agent can be used.
  • the amount added can vary over a wide range, but a working range of .075 to .25 by weight of the metal cast has been found to be satisfactory.
  • An amount of .16% is equivalent to an addition of .10% silicon as calcium silicon and .14% silicon as 85% grade calcium containing ferro-silicon. Since the time between addition and solidification is extremely short, the powder should be sufficiently fine to permit it to go into solution, and it should not be added in amounts in excess of that which will go into solution.
  • the refractory coating referred to above is preferably a wet spray coating such as is well known in the centrifugal art. It is formed by spraying a slurry of refractory material such as bentonite and silica flour onto a hot mold so as to obtain a coating having the desired insulation value and a rough surface which assists in obtaining proper distribution and pick up of the molten metal in the rotating mold.
  • a wet spray coating such as is well known in the centrifugal art. It is formed by spraying a slurry of refractory material such as bentonite and silica flour onto a hot mold so as to obtain a coating having the desired insulation value and a rough surface which assists in obtaining proper distribution and pick up of the molten metal in the rotating mold.
  • Calcium silicon (60% Si, 30% Ca) has been found to be one of the most potent inoculants for ultra late inoculation of ductile iron. It is commercially available in a form designated as 100 mesh which gives good results when used for chute, spout and mold coating additions. A representative size distribution is US. Standard Sieve: Percent retained This material has been found satisfactory for chute, spout and coating inoculation. Calcium-silicon of the size distribution given above has merely been set forth as one suitable material and it is pointed out that material of other size and distributon can be used as well as other known inoculants such as ferro-silicon. However, calcium silicon has been found particularly beneficial in obtaining good casting surfaces free of pinholes when used as the mold coating inoculant.
  • the solidification rate and the cooling rate after solidification are as important as metal composition and ultralate inoculation.
  • solidification time is given as a function of interior mold coating thickness, etc. This time was measured from the beginning of pour to the end of eutectic arrest. The shorter the time the more rapid the solidification rate.
  • the cooling rate referred to is the rate at which the casting cools through the transformation range; a temperature range below that of solidification. It is necessary to solidify the metal at a rate of speed sufficiently rapid to capture the nucleating effect of the ultra-late inoculation, but not too fast to result in the formation of carbides. After solidification it is essential that the casting cool at a rate which permits the desired ferritization to occur.
  • Experimental 24" pipe having a length of 20' were cast in an air cooled metal mold rotated on a flat floor spinner.
  • the mold had a wall thickness of 2" and the metal was retractively poured by means of a pouring trough and machine ladle mounted on a car which moved on tracks parallel to the axis of the mold.
  • the metal was melted in an induction furnace and the target composition in the final pipe was the preferred range set forth above.
  • the air cooled mold was internally coated by spraying with a slurry of diatomaceous silica and bentonite in water while the mold was hot so as to obtain rough insulating coatings of desired thickness. Using mold coating thicknesses of .015", .035" and .055" two series of castings were made.
  • FIGURES 8, 9 and 10 illustrate the effect that ultra late inoculation has in eliminating carbides and permitting the formation of large amounts of ferrite as the casting, while still in the mold, cooled through the ferritizing temperature range.
  • FIGURES 11, 12 and 13 illustrate the interaction of the variables in the process. These figures are photomicrographs taken from 48" diameter pipe cast in a metal mold having a thickness of approximately 3%". The mold was rotated in a flat floor spinner and was provided with a wet spray coating overlaid with a dry inoculant powder coating of CaSi. The metal was poured into the air cooled mold rapidly by means of a stationary horngate and was distributed in the mold by means of centrifugal force. An analysis of the microstructures together with the data set forth in Table II reveals the importance of both ultra-late inoculation and coating thickness. With the use of a dual coating comprising .03 wet spray and a thin dry inoculant powder coating, carbide is present (FIGURE 11).
  • FIGURES 14 and 15 show the microstructures obtained in similar pipe retractivity cast by means of a pouring trough in the mold mentioned above.
  • freezing rate is decreased over that used in conventional De Lavaud casting by using a mold coating of .03
  • freedom from carbide and reduced pearlite was obtained by using chute and coating inoculation
  • a substantially ferritic structure was obtained when a wet spray coating thickness of .023" was used together with chute, spout and coating inoculation. See Table II which compares the casting conditions and properties of the pipe represented by FIGURES 11-15.
  • Pipe Nos. 15-17 were cast in a 36"x5.75 cast iron mold having a wall thickness of 5.6".
  • the induction furnace metal was cast using a floor spinner and retractive trough, and the wet spray coating material was diatornaceous silica.
  • pipe 24''x 18' were cast in a mold having a thickness of 1.81".
  • CaSi was used at the chute, spout and mold in the amounts 800 grams, 1200 grams and 800 grams respectively. Representative pipe are listed in Table VI.
  • the process of the present invention is particularly suited for making large diameter pipe which have greater wall thicknesses.
  • the value of the process for casting smaller size pipe, even where the composition cannot be maintained in the preferred range, should not be overlooked, because substantial economies in annealing are effected, owing to the lower temperatures and faster annealing rates made possible.
  • a method for casting ductile iron pipe wherein magnesium treated cast iron is cast in cylindrical centrifugal molds provided with a refractory coating and the metal is treated with an inoculating material to promote the formation of graphite, characterized in that, the mold is coated with a refractory coating between .01 and .06 inch thick, a coating of powdered inoculating material is ap plied over the refractory coating, the metal is treated with inoculating material as it is being poured into the mold, and the composition of the metal in the resulting pipe comprises 3.0-3.6% carbon, 2.30-3.75% silicon and .02.0'7% magnesiuum.
  • composition of the metal in the resulting pipe comprises 3.13.4% carbon, 28-33% silicon and .03-.06% magnesium and the pipe are substantially ferritic as cast.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
US533133A 1966-03-03 1966-03-03 Process for casting ductile iron Expired - Lifetime US3415307A (en)

Priority Applications (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US533133A US3415307A (en) 1966-03-03 1966-03-03 Process for casting ductile iron
ES336111A ES336111A1 (es) 1966-03-03 1967-01-26 Metodo para producir fundiciones de hierro ductil.
DE19671558336 DE1558336B2 (de) 1966-03-03 1967-02-08 Schleudergiessverfahren zur herstellung duktiler roehrenfoermiger gussstuecke
BE694335D BE694335A (en)van) 1966-03-03 1967-02-20
FR96660A FR1516365A (fr) 1966-03-03 1967-02-27 Perfectionnements à la fabrication de la fonte
FI670598A FI48757C (fi) 1966-03-03 1967-03-01 Menetelmä putkien valmistamiseksi keskipakovalumuoteilla pallografiitt ivaluraudasta.
NO167094A NO118231B (en)van) 1966-03-03 1967-03-02
YU395/67A YU33513B (en) 1966-03-03 1967-03-02 Process for casting iron tubes with ferritice structure
GB10036/67A GB1157054A (en) 1966-03-03 1967-03-02 A method for Casting a Spheroidal Graphite Iron Pipe
CH311867A CH519359A (fr) 1966-03-03 1967-03-02 Procédé de coulée de conduites en fer contenant des sphéroïdes graphitiques
NL6703477.A NL160186C (nl) 1966-03-03 1967-03-03 Werkwijze voor het gieten van buizen van nodulair gietijzer

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US533133A US3415307A (en) 1966-03-03 1966-03-03 Process for casting ductile iron

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US3415307A true US3415307A (en) 1968-12-10

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BE (1) BE694335A (en)van)
CH (1) CH519359A (en)van)
DE (1) DE1558336B2 (en)van)
ES (1) ES336111A1 (en)van)
FI (1) FI48757C (en)van)
FR (1) FR1516365A (en)van)
GB (1) GB1157054A (en)van)
NL (1) NL160186C (en)van)
NO (1) NO118231B (en)van)
YU (1) YU33513B (en)van)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3546921A (en) * 1967-08-07 1970-12-15 Harris Muff Method of producing an initial thermal arrest in the cooling curve of hypereutectic cast iron
US3844776A (en) * 1969-06-16 1974-10-29 Ford Motor Co Method of casting inoculated metals
US3965962A (en) * 1968-05-25 1976-06-29 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Process for producing ductile iron casting
US4058153A (en) * 1974-07-18 1977-11-15 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Process for centrifugally casting spheroidal graphite cast iron pipes
US4601751A (en) * 1984-07-26 1986-07-22 Georg Fischer Ag Process for the production of cast iron containing spherical graphite
US4791976A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-12-20 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Method of making dual graphite structured pipe
US4832084A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-05-23 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Dual graphite structured pipe
US5249619A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-10-05 Mack Trucks, Inc. Brake element and a preparation process therefor
US5316068A (en) * 1989-01-20 1994-05-31 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing casting with functional gradient
GB2316640A (en) * 1996-08-30 1998-03-04 Triplex Lloyd Plc Fine grained castings using nucleating agent on mould surface
RU2230623C1 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2004-06-20 Захаров Владимир Алексеевич Способ изготовления тонкостенных труб из меди и ее сплавов
RU2230624C1 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2004-06-20 Захаров Владимир Алексеевич Способ изготовления тонкостенных труб из меди и ее сплавов
RU2230625C1 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2004-06-20 Захаров Владимир Алексеевич Способ изготовления тонкостенных труб из меди и ее сплавов
US20050066771A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2005-03-31 Thomas Margaria Products for the protection of continuous cast moulds for cast-iron pipes
FR2884739A1 (fr) * 2005-04-20 2006-10-27 Pechiney Electrometallurgie So Produits du type "dry-spray" pour la protection des moules de coulee centrifugee des tuyaux de fonte, en association avec un produit du type "wet-spray"
US20090191085A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Cesar Augusto Rezende Braga Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron Alloys
US8600702B2 (en) 2008-12-30 2013-12-03 United States Pipe And Foundry Company, Llc Non-destructive thickness measurement systems and methods
CN108044022A (zh) * 2018-01-13 2018-05-18 合肥市瑞宏重型机械有限公司 一种用于砂型铸造的醇基涂料及其制备方法
FR3060607A1 (fr) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-22 Saint Gobain Pam Objet en fonte a graphite spheroidal, element et procede de fabrication correspondants
WO2020165875A1 (en) * 2019-02-16 2020-08-20 Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd Method for producing alloys
ES2804651R1 (es) * 2019-08-08 2021-04-16 Saint Gobain Pam S A Procedimiento de fabricación de un elemento tubular
CN112808937A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-18 江苏润曼机械设备有限公司 一种球铁铸件的铸造工艺
US11396041B2 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-07-26 Hyundai Motor Company Method for manufacturing cast iron casting with fining graphite and suspension part

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4327798A (en) * 1980-05-01 1982-05-04 American Cast Iron Pipe Company Method of applying flux
DE3217091C2 (de) * 1982-05-07 1984-05-17 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8500 Nürnberg Verfahren zum Teillegieren von Zylinderlaufbüchsen auf der Basis von Gußeisen
US5253697A (en) * 1989-01-16 1993-10-19 Les Bronzes D'industrie, Societe Anonyme Manufacture of articles consisting of a composite material
FR2641795B1 (fr) * 1989-01-16 1993-09-24 Bronzes Ind Sa Fabrication de pieces en materiau composite
DE10320358B4 (de) * 2003-05-07 2005-11-17 Halberg-Guss Gmbh Gussverfahren
DE102016107944A1 (de) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Duktus (Production) Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus duktilem Gusseisen und Bauteil aus duktilem Gusseisen
CN112479727B (zh) * 2020-12-23 2022-05-06 河南通宇冶材集团有限公司 一种非反应性引流剂的制备方法

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US1329296A (en) * 1919-04-21 1920-01-27 Lavaud Dimitri Sensaud De Rotary casting
US2248693A (en) * 1937-04-02 1941-07-08 Bartscherer Franz Method for producing hollow bodies in centrifugal casting molds rotatable about the vertical axis
US2399606A (en) * 1943-12-04 1946-04-30 United States Pipe Foundry Centrifugal casting
FR1269898A (fr) * 1960-09-03 1961-08-18 United States Pipe Foundry Procédé de fabrication de tubes moulés en fonte malléable
US3056692A (en) * 1959-07-30 1962-10-02 Kitada Kohshiro Method for the manufacture of a mold for centrifugal casting tubular metal articles
US3321304A (en) * 1963-12-23 1967-05-23 American Cast Iron Pipe Co Materials for and methods of treating molten ferrous metals to produce nodular iron

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1329296A (en) * 1919-04-21 1920-01-27 Lavaud Dimitri Sensaud De Rotary casting
US2248693A (en) * 1937-04-02 1941-07-08 Bartscherer Franz Method for producing hollow bodies in centrifugal casting molds rotatable about the vertical axis
US2399606A (en) * 1943-12-04 1946-04-30 United States Pipe Foundry Centrifugal casting
US3056692A (en) * 1959-07-30 1962-10-02 Kitada Kohshiro Method for the manufacture of a mold for centrifugal casting tubular metal articles
FR1269898A (fr) * 1960-09-03 1961-08-18 United States Pipe Foundry Procédé de fabrication de tubes moulés en fonte malléable
US3321304A (en) * 1963-12-23 1967-05-23 American Cast Iron Pipe Co Materials for and methods of treating molten ferrous metals to produce nodular iron

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3546921A (en) * 1967-08-07 1970-12-15 Harris Muff Method of producing an initial thermal arrest in the cooling curve of hypereutectic cast iron
US3965962A (en) * 1968-05-25 1976-06-29 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Process for producing ductile iron casting
US3844776A (en) * 1969-06-16 1974-10-29 Ford Motor Co Method of casting inoculated metals
US4058153A (en) * 1974-07-18 1977-11-15 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Process for centrifugally casting spheroidal graphite cast iron pipes
US4601751A (en) * 1984-07-26 1986-07-22 Georg Fischer Ag Process for the production of cast iron containing spherical graphite
US4791976A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-12-20 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Method of making dual graphite structured pipe
US4832084A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-05-23 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Dual graphite structured pipe
US5316068A (en) * 1989-01-20 1994-05-31 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Method for producing casting with functional gradient
US5249619A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-10-05 Mack Trucks, Inc. Brake element and a preparation process therefor
GB2316640A (en) * 1996-08-30 1998-03-04 Triplex Lloyd Plc Fine grained castings using nucleating agent on mould surface
US5983983A (en) * 1996-08-30 1999-11-16 Triplex Llyod Limited Method of making fine grained castings
US7615095B2 (en) * 2002-01-25 2009-11-10 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Products for the protection of continuous cast moulds for cast-iron pipes
US20050066771A1 (en) * 2002-01-25 2005-03-31 Thomas Margaria Products for the protection of continuous cast moulds for cast-iron pipes
CN1705531B (zh) * 2002-01-25 2011-08-17 皮奇尼电冶公司 离心铸造模具的粉末产品及其制造方法
RU2230623C1 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2004-06-20 Захаров Владимир Алексеевич Способ изготовления тонкостенных труб из меди и ее сплавов
RU2230624C1 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2004-06-20 Захаров Владимир Алексеевич Способ изготовления тонкостенных труб из меди и ее сплавов
RU2230625C1 (ru) * 2003-07-03 2004-06-20 Захаров Владимир Алексеевич Способ изготовления тонкостенных труб из меди и ее сплавов
WO2006131612A1 (fr) * 2005-04-20 2006-12-14 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Produits du type « dry-spray » pour la protection des moules de coulée centrifugée des tuyaux de fonte, en association avec un produit du type « wet-spray »
US20080178767A1 (en) * 2005-04-20 2008-07-31 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Dry-Spray Products For Protecting Centrifugal Casting Molds of Cast Iron Pipes in Association With a Wet-Spray Product
AU2006256658B2 (en) * 2005-04-20 2011-05-26 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Dry-spray products for protecting centrifugal casting molds of cast iron pipes in association with a wet-spray product
FR2884739A1 (fr) * 2005-04-20 2006-10-27 Pechiney Electrometallurgie So Produits du type "dry-spray" pour la protection des moules de coulee centrifugee des tuyaux de fonte, en association avec un produit du type "wet-spray"
US20090191085A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2009-07-30 Cesar Augusto Rezende Braga Ferritic Ductile Cast Iron Alloys
US7846381B2 (en) * 2008-01-29 2010-12-07 Aarrowcast, Inc. Ferritic ductile cast iron alloys having high carbon content, high silicon content, low nickel content and formed without annealing
US8600702B2 (en) 2008-12-30 2013-12-03 United States Pipe And Foundry Company, Llc Non-destructive thickness measurement systems and methods
CN110268082A (zh) * 2016-12-19 2019-09-20 圣戈班穆松桥 球墨铸铁物品、相应部件以及相应制造方法
FR3060607A1 (fr) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-22 Saint Gobain Pam Objet en fonte a graphite spheroidal, element et procede de fabrication correspondants
WO2018114845A1 (fr) * 2016-12-19 2018-06-28 Saint Gobain Pam Objet en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, élément et procédé de fabrication correspondants
CN110268082B (zh) * 2016-12-19 2022-04-19 圣戈班管道系统有限公司 球墨铸铁物品、相应部件以及相应制造方法
CN108044022A (zh) * 2018-01-13 2018-05-18 合肥市瑞宏重型机械有限公司 一种用于砂型铸造的醇基涂料及其制备方法
US11396041B2 (en) * 2018-12-27 2022-07-26 Hyundai Motor Company Method for manufacturing cast iron casting with fining graphite and suspension part
WO2020165875A1 (en) * 2019-02-16 2020-08-20 Snam Alloys Pvt Ltd Method for producing alloys
ES2804651R1 (es) * 2019-08-08 2021-04-16 Saint Gobain Pam S A Procedimiento de fabricación de un elemento tubular
CN112808937A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-18 江苏润曼机械设备有限公司 一种球铁铸件的铸造工艺

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YU33513B (en) 1977-06-30
YU39567A (en) 1976-10-31
CH519359A (fr) 1972-02-29
FR1516365A (fr) 1968-03-08
DE1558336B2 (de) 1976-04-01
FI48757B (en)van) 1974-09-02
NO118231B (en)van) 1969-12-01
NL160186C (nl) 1979-10-15
ES336111A1 (es) 1968-06-01
GB1157054A (en) 1969-07-02
NL6703477A (en)van) 1967-09-04
FI48757C (fi) 1974-12-10
DE1558336A1 (de) 1970-07-30
BE694335A (en)van) 1967-07-31
NL160186B (nl) 1979-05-15

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