US34150A - Improved water-wheel - Google Patents

Improved water-wheel Download PDF

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US34150A
US34150A US34150DA US34150A US 34150 A US34150 A US 34150A US 34150D A US34150D A US 34150DA US 34150 A US34150 A US 34150A
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wheel
water
buckets
valves
gates
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/02—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto with radial flow at high-pressure side and axial flow at low-pressure side of rotors, e.g. Francis turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the wheel, its casing, and adjustable gates or valves as it appears when in readiness to be placed in the penstock or other suitable position to receivethe water.
  • Fig. 2 represents a vertical section of Fig. l near the center thereof, showing the position and construction of the wheel, its case, and adjustable valves or gates more fully.
  • FIG. 3 represents a side view of the wheel proper when removed from its case.
  • Fig. l represents abottom view of the wheel as seen in Fig. 3; and
  • Fig. 5 represents a top view of a section or part of the wheel without the top rim or cover, whereby the form and position of the upper set of buckets are distinctly illustrated.
  • A represents the wheel proper, and which is composed of a concave top B and a tubular bottom O, united by means of the central curved part D and the upper set of buckets a.
  • the tubular bottom O is of less diameter than the cover or top B and central curved part D, and is so made to receive on its outer periphery the lower set of buckets b, whose upper ends are connected with the lower curved side of l) and the inner edges with the outer periphery' of C.
  • the upper set of buckets occupy a position between the curved central part D and the concave top B, the form and position of both sets of buckets being fully shown in the drawings.
  • a hub B' From the center of the top of B extends down a hub B', and through which is passed a shaft A ,the shaft and hub being rmly connected, so that when the wheel A revolves the shaft will revolve also. rllhe latter is supported on a pivot-screw c, which passes up through a narrow cross-piece O', whose ends are securely fastened to the inner sides of the part E of the wheel-casing E by screws c', those which fasten one end being shown in Fig. l.
  • the wheel-casing E is composed of a convex top F, a central valve-seat G, and a tubular bottom E', the latter being connected with and really forming a part of G.
  • the convex top F and central valve-seat G are fastened together by means of the journals d of the valves or adjustable gates l-I, which have their ends turned down to form shoulders, the shoulders on their lower ends resting on the top of G, while the under side of F rests on the upper shoulders.
  • the gates or valves H are made with quite an enlargement near their centers, as seen at I, and through which a hole is bored or otherwise formed a little larger than the journals which pass through the saine. These journals, as before explained, have their ends which pass through the parts F and G turned down so as to leave shoulders, and which shoulders are far enough apart to allow the valves H free play between the top F and valve or gate seat G.
  • the ends of the journals which pass through valves H can be headed down on top of F, as seen at f, to hold the top F firmly in place; or screws may be inserted into the ends of the journals, as seen at f, so that theirl heads will draw down top F rmly against the upper shoulders of the journals which pass through the valves or gates H. Similar modes of connection may also be used to fasten the valve or gate seat G to the lower ends of said journals. It will thus be seen that the journals of the valves or gates H answer a double or twofold purpose, viz: journals to the valves or gates and firm connections by which the top F and parts G and E are held securely together.
  • a cylindrical spindle J passes down through the hub K of the top F and is fastened thereto.
  • a plate L is slipped down on or over J after the inner bent ends of gaterods h are hooked into holes therein, as indicated in the drawings.
  • a socket-piece J is then slipped down on or over J, so as to occupy the position indicated in the drawings, where it is held by a set-screw.
  • the outer ends of rods h are slipped over or onto the ends of pins t', fastened to the outer ends of gates or valves H, and which pass up through slots j in the top of F, as fully seen in section, Fig. 2.
  • gates or valves H are curved out somewhat abruptly, as seen at dwhile their inner ends are curved gently in, commencing at the pins c, so that when the gates or valves are closed their inner surfaces present a true circle, or nearly so.
  • the inner end of one valve or gate reaches back to about the point where the pin il is fastened to the valve or gate in rear of it.
  • the water as it enters between the valves or gates H is divided by the sharp edge of the plate D of the wheel A.
  • the upper portion thereof then impinges against the outer curved ends m of the buckets a and then gradually approaches the inner ends m of the buckets a', when it is discharged from the wheel and passes down through the tubular bottom part C.
  • the lower portion of the water impinges against the upper curved ends n of the buckets b and then gradually descends until it is discharged at the bottom n of the buckets b, the motion of the wheel being so regulated that the water leaves the wheel without agitation and as soon as it has expended all of its power thereon.
  • This wheel is designed to be used or set at or near the top of the fall of the water, as is usual in some classes of wheels, the water as it leaves the wheel passing down to the lower level through an air-tight pipe or water-way.
  • the wheel is to be placed low enough in the water, however, so as to be always covered with water to prevent any air passing down into the wheel, the distancebeing governed to a greater or less extent by the condition of the buildvat all times to force it out.
  • the wheel and its case are represented as placed in a tubular penstock P, with its bot-tom Q cut out just enough to receive the bottom part E of the casing E to wheel A, whereby the valve-seat G is allowed to rest on the bottom of Q, and to which it is to be securely fastened.
  • an air-tight pipe or waterway is to extend until its lower end terminates below the surface of the water in the lower level.
  • the penstock and the mode of conducting the water off from the bottom of the wheel can be arranged to suit any particular case, only that all air should be excluded from the wheel, as aforesaid.
  • This wheel is so constructed and arranged that the capability of the tubular part C is just sufficient to discharge all the water that can pass through the buckets a, while the space between the casing part E and the outer periphery of C is sufficiently large to allow of the free discharge of all the water that can pass through the buckets b. Consequently by my arrangement of the different parts of the wheel the water is conducted to the buckets, allowed to perform its work, and is then conducted oif without any undue waste of power in the reaction of one part or portion of the water upon another or by causing it or any part thereof to travel an unnecessary distance in order to be free from the wheel or out of the way of the incoming water.
  • the wheel too, is so constructed and arranged that no undue friction is engendered.
  • the shaft A' passes up through the tubular spindle J and is in a measure supported thereby.
  • the top of shaft A is to be connected to the shafting of the mill or other machinery, to be driven in any proper manner.
  • This wheel has been tested, and from such tests and from the most careful examination, it is believed that the wheel is capable of yielding from ninety-two to ninety-five per cent. of the power of the water and a greater per cent. than any other Wheel heretofore constructed. It will be understood that the wheel could be used effectually even if with its shaft arranged in a horizontal position.
  • the buckets d and b are not in the same line, but are so arranged that the outer ends m of the buckets a come between the upper ends of the buckets b, as fully shown in Fig. 8. This arrangement conduces to the ease and efticiency of the action of the wheel,

Description

JAIWIES LEFFEL, OF
PATENT OFFICE.
SPRINGFIELD, OHIO.
IMPROVED WATER-WHEEL.
Specification forming part 0f Letters Patent No. 34,150, dated January 14, 1862.
To @ZZ whom it may concern,.-
Be it known that I, JAMES LEFFEL,of Spring- Iield, in the county of Olark and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lVater-Vheels; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 represents a perspective view of the wheel, its casing, and adjustable gates or valves as it appears when in readiness to be placed in the penstock or other suitable position to receivethe water. Fig. 2 represents a vertical section of Fig. l near the center thereof, showing the position and construction of the wheel, its case, and adjustable valves or gates more fully. Fig. 3 represents a side view of the wheel proper when removed from its case. Fig. l represents abottom view of the wheel as seen in Fig. 3; and Fig. 5 represents a top view of a section or part of the wheel without the top rim or cover, whereby the form and position of the upper set of buckets are distinctly illustrated.
In the drawings, A represents the wheel proper, and which is composed of a concave top B and a tubular bottom O, united by means of the central curved part D and the upper set of buckets a. The tubular bottom O is of less diameter than the cover or top B and central curved part D, and is so made to receive on its outer periphery the lower set of buckets b, whose upper ends are connected with the lower curved side of l) and the inner edges with the outer periphery' of C. The upper set of buckets occupy a position between the curved central part D and the concave top B, the form and position of both sets of buckets being fully shown in the drawings. From the center of the top of B extends down a hub B', and through which is passed a shaft A ,the shaft and hub being rmly connected, so that when the wheel A revolves the shaft will revolve also. rllhe latter is supported on a pivot-screw c, which passes up through a narrow cross-piece O', whose ends are securely fastened to the inner sides of the part E of the wheel-casing E by screws c', those which fasten one end being shown in Fig. l.
The wheel-casing E is composed of a convex top F, a central valve-seat G, and a tubular bottom E', the latter being connected with and really forming a part of G.
The convex top F and central valve-seat G are fastened together by means of the journals d of the valves or adjustable gates l-I, which have their ends turned down to form shoulders, the shoulders on their lower ends resting on the top of G, while the under side of F rests on the upper shoulders.
The gates or valves H are made with quite an enlargement near their centers, as seen at I, and through which a hole is bored or otherwise formed a little larger than the journals which pass through the saine. These journals, as before explained, have their ends which pass through the parts F and G turned down so as to leave shoulders, and which shoulders are far enough apart to allow the valves H free play between the top F and valve or gate seat G.
The ends of the journals which pass through valves H can be headed down on top of F, as seen at f, to hold the top F firmly in place; or screws may be inserted into the ends of the journals, as seen at f, so that theirl heads will draw down top F rmly against the upper shoulders of the journals which pass through the valves or gates H. Similar modes of connection may also be used to fasten the valve or gate seat G to the lower ends of said journals. It will thus be seen that the journals of the valves or gates H answer a double or twofold purpose, viz: journals to the valves or gates and firm connections by which the top F and parts G and E are held securely together. A cylindrical spindle J passes down through the hub K of the top F and is fastened thereto. A plate L is slipped down on or over J after the inner bent ends of gaterods h are hooked into holes therein, as indicated in the drawings. A socket-piece J is then slipped down on or over J, so as to occupy the position indicated in the drawings, where it is held by a set-screw. When the to turn on J with the ends of rods 77,. The outer ends of rods h are slipped over or onto the ends of pins t', fastened to the outer ends of gates or valves H, and which pass up through slots j in the top of F, as fully seen in section, Fig. 2. To one side of plate L is rigidly fastened an arm M, having a rackparts are in this position, the plate L is free e aia-ao piece M on its outer end, which takes into gear N on shaft O, which is stepped in the top of F, and sustained at top bya bent framepiece N, fastened to the top of F. This device is for the purpose of letting on and shutting off the water to the bucketsa and b. The top of shaft O is square for the reception of a socket-shaft, which is to be extended up and connected in any proper manner with the regulator. It will be observed that the inner ends of rods h do not point to the center of shaft A, but to one side. Consequently it will be seen that if plate L is turned in the direction of arrow 2 the outer ends of rods 7i will be forced out, carrying with them the outer ends of the gates or valves H, whereby the inner ends of said gates or valves will be forced or turned in toward the buckets, and thus the water allowed to enter-between said valves or gates H to act on buckets a, and b, and when plate L is turned in the direction of arrow l the valves or gates are turned in an opposite direction and the water shut off. The movements of plate L, as aforesaid, are effected by means of gear N, rack M', and arm M whenever shaft O is turned, as will be readily understood from the above description and reference tothe drawings. The outer ends of gates or valves H are curved out somewhat abruptly, as seen at dwhile their inner ends are curved gently in, commencing at the pins c, so that when the gates or valves are closed their inner surfaces present a true circle, or nearly so. The inner end of one valve or gate reaches back to about the point where the pin il is fastened to the valve or gate in rear of it. When the gates are closed, their inner ends occupy a point at about the center of the gate or valve seat G, while when fully open they approach nearly to the inner edge of G.
The water as it enters between the valves or gates H is divided by the sharp edge of the plate D of the wheel A. The upper portion thereof then impinges against the outer curved ends m of the buckets a and then gradually approaches the inner ends m of the buckets a', when it is discharged from the wheel and passes down through the tubular bottom part C. The lower portion of the water impinges against the upper curved ends n of the buckets b and then gradually descends until it is discharged at the bottom n of the buckets b, the motion of the wheel being so regulated that the water leaves the wheel without agitation and as soon as it has expended all of its power thereon. This wheel is designed to be used or set at or near the top of the fall of the water, as is usual in some classes of wheels, the water as it leaves the wheel passing down to the lower level through an air-tight pipe or water-way. The wheel is to be placed low enough in the water, however, so as to be always covered with water to prevent any air passing down into the wheel, the distancebeing governed to a greater or less extent by the condition of the buildvat all times to force it out.
ings and the mode of receiving the water into the penstock.
In the drawings the wheel and its case are represented as placed in a tubular penstock P, with its bot-tom Q cut out just enough to receive the bottom part E of the casing E to wheel A, whereby the valve-seat G is allowed to rest on the bottom of Q, and to which it is to be securely fastened.
From the bottom Q of the penstock P an air-tight pipe or waterway is to extend until its lower end terminates below the surface of the water in the lower level. The penstock and the mode of conducting the water off from the bottom of the wheel can be arranged to suit any particular case, only that all air should be excluded from the wheel, as aforesaid.
This wheel is so constructed and arranged that the capability of the tubular part C is just sufficient to discharge all the water that can pass through the buckets a, while the space between the casing part E and the outer periphery of C is sufficiently large to allow of the free discharge of all the water that can pass through the buckets b. Consequently by my arrangement of the different parts of the wheel the water is conducted to the buckets, allowed to perform its work, and is then conducted oif without any undue waste of power in the reaction of one part or portion of the water upon another or by causing it or any part thereof to travel an unnecessary distance in order to be free from the wheel or out of the way of the incoming water. The wheel, too, is so constructed and arranged that no undue friction is engendered. The upward pressurc of the water as it enters the buckets b against the curved under part of D causes the wheel to run on the step c with great ease, its weight being nearly counterbalanced by the pressure of the water up against the under side of D. Again, the upper partB of wheel A fits into a groove o in the under side of the convex part F,whereby the wheel is guided with great precision, and that, too, with but little friction, since the parts are so situated that the water always acts as a lubricator, while no dirt or other clogging matter can remain in the joint, the tendency of the water being Holes p are made in the concave top B to allow the free discharge of Aany water that may chance to enter between said top B and the top F of the casing. The shaft A' passes up through the tubular spindle J and is in a measure supported thereby. The top of shaft A is to be connected to the shafting of the mill or other machinery, to be driven in any proper manner. This wheel has been tested, and from such tests and from the most careful examination, it is believed that the wheel is capable of yielding from ninety-two to ninety-five per cent. of the power of the water and a greater per cent. than any other Wheel heretofore constructed. It will be understood that the wheel could be used effectually even if with its shaft arranged in a horizontal position. The buckets d and b are not in the same line, but are so arranged that the outer ends m of the buckets a come between the upper ends of the buckets b, as fully shown in Fig. 8. This arrangement conduces to the ease and efticiency of the action of the wheel,
obviating jarring and at the same time equalizing the strain on the Wheel.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
I. The combination of the parts B, C, and D with the buckets a and b, arranged in relation to each other as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The combination and arrangement of.
JAMES LEFFEL.
I/Vitnesses:
THos. KIZER, REUBEN MILLER.
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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3008652A (en) * 1958-07-17 1961-11-14 Speakman Co Emergency shower head
US5897490A (en) * 1997-10-08 1999-04-27 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical retraction apparatus
US5944736A (en) * 1996-02-20 1999-08-31 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. Access platform for internal mammary dissection
US5947125A (en) * 1995-04-10 1999-09-07 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. Method for coronary artery bypass
US5947896A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-09-07 United States Surgical Corporation Heart stabilizer apparatus and method for use
US5967972A (en) * 1997-03-28 1999-10-19 Kapp Surgical Instrument, Inc. Minimally invasive surgical retractor and method of operation
US5967974A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-10-19 United States Surgical Corporation Surgical retractor
US5967973A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-10-19 United States Surgical Surgical retractor and method of surgery
US5976171A (en) * 1996-02-20 1999-11-02 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. Access platform for internal mammary dissection
US5976080A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-11-02 United States Surgical Surgical apparatus and method
US5980569A (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-11-09 United States Surgical Corp. Prosthetic valve holder and method of use
US5984959A (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-11-16 United States Surgical Heart valve replacement tools and procedures
US5984867A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-11-16 Heartport, Inc. Surgical retractor and method of retracting
US5984864A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-11-16 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Tissue stabilization device for use during surgery
US6007486A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-12-28 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Tissue stabilization device for use during surgery having a segmented shaft
US6013027A (en) * 1997-10-07 2000-01-11 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Method for using a tissue stabilization device during surgery
US6017304A (en) * 1994-08-31 2000-01-25 Vierra; Mark A. Device and method for isolating a surgical site
US6096074A (en) * 1998-01-27 2000-08-01 United States Surgical Stapling apparatus and method for heart valve replacement
US6099468A (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-08-08 Kapp Surgical Instrument, Inc. Retractor for partial sternotomy
US6102853A (en) * 1998-01-23 2000-08-15 United States Surgical Corporation Surgical instrument
US6113535A (en) * 1998-01-23 2000-09-05 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical retraction apparatus
US20040138533A1 (en) * 1997-09-17 2004-07-15 Spence Paul A. Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery
US20080114201A1 (en) * 1996-02-20 2008-05-15 Taylor Charles S Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize the cardiac tissue during surgery
US20120313375A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2012-12-13 Kil Bong Song Rotational force generating device and a centripetally acting type of water turbine using the same

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3008652A (en) * 1958-07-17 1961-11-14 Speakman Co Emergency shower head
US6017304A (en) * 1994-08-31 2000-01-25 Vierra; Mark A. Device and method for isolating a surgical site
US6149583A (en) * 1994-08-31 2000-11-21 Heartport, Inc. Device and method for isolating a surgical site
US6139492A (en) * 1994-08-31 2000-10-31 Heartport, Inc. Device and method for isolating a surgical site
US5947125A (en) * 1995-04-10 1999-09-07 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. Method for coronary artery bypass
US20080114201A1 (en) * 1996-02-20 2008-05-15 Taylor Charles S Surgical devices for imposing a negative pressure to stabilize the cardiac tissue during surgery
US5944736A (en) * 1996-02-20 1999-08-31 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. Access platform for internal mammary dissection
US20030060686A1 (en) * 1996-02-20 2003-03-27 Taylor Charles S. Access platform for internal mammary dissection
US5976171A (en) * 1996-02-20 1999-11-02 Cardiothoracic Systems, Inc. Access platform for internal mammary dissection
US5967973A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-10-19 United States Surgical Surgical retractor and method of surgery
US5947896A (en) * 1996-04-26 1999-09-07 United States Surgical Corporation Heart stabilizer apparatus and method for use
US5976080A (en) * 1996-09-20 1999-11-02 United States Surgical Surgical apparatus and method
US5967972A (en) * 1997-03-28 1999-10-19 Kapp Surgical Instrument, Inc. Minimally invasive surgical retractor and method of operation
US5967974A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-10-19 United States Surgical Corporation Surgical retractor
US5984867A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-11-16 Heartport, Inc. Surgical retractor and method of retracting
US20040138533A1 (en) * 1997-09-17 2004-07-15 Spence Paul A. Device to permit offpump beating heart coronary bypass surgery
US5984959A (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-11-16 United States Surgical Heart valve replacement tools and procedures
US5980569A (en) * 1997-09-19 1999-11-09 United States Surgical Corp. Prosthetic valve holder and method of use
US6007486A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-12-28 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Tissue stabilization device for use during surgery having a segmented shaft
US6013027A (en) * 1997-10-07 2000-01-11 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Method for using a tissue stabilization device during surgery
US5984864A (en) * 1997-10-07 1999-11-16 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Tissue stabilization device for use during surgery
US5897490A (en) * 1997-10-08 1999-04-27 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical retraction apparatus
US6102853A (en) * 1998-01-23 2000-08-15 United States Surgical Corporation Surgical instrument
US6113535A (en) * 1998-01-23 2000-09-05 Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. Surgical retraction apparatus
US6096074A (en) * 1998-01-27 2000-08-01 United States Surgical Stapling apparatus and method for heart valve replacement
US6099468A (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-08-08 Kapp Surgical Instrument, Inc. Retractor for partial sternotomy
US20120313375A1 (en) * 2010-02-19 2012-12-13 Kil Bong Song Rotational force generating device and a centripetally acting type of water turbine using the same
US9217411B2 (en) * 2010-02-19 2015-12-22 Kil Bong Song Rotational force generating device and a centripetally acting type of water turbine using the same

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