US3414726A - Ionization chamber for high-tension alternating current operation - Google Patents

Ionization chamber for high-tension alternating current operation Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3414726A
US3414726A US408567A US40856764A US3414726A US 3414726 A US3414726 A US 3414726A US 408567 A US408567 A US 408567A US 40856764 A US40856764 A US 40856764A US 3414726 A US3414726 A US 3414726A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
ionization
current
collecting electrode
ionization chamber
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US408567A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Chameroy Jean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Groupement Atomique Alsacienne Atlantique SA
Alsacienne Atom
Original Assignee
Alsacienne Atom
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alsacienne Atom filed Critical Alsacienne Atom
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3414726A publication Critical patent/US3414726A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J47/00—Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles
    • H01J47/02—Ionisation chambers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/185—Measuring radiation intensity with ionisation chamber arrangements

Definitions

  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a special ionization chamber which is capable of overcoming this serious drawback.
  • the ionization chamber in accordance with the invention is essentially characterized in that it comprises one collecting electrode and two high-tendon electrodes. Two identical compartments are formed be tween said high-tension electrodes and said collecting electrode, and the two high-tension electrodes are energized with alternating-current potentials which are energized with opposite phase.
  • the electrodes can have a general cylindrical shape or flat shape.
  • the collecting electrode is placed between the two high-tension electrodes.
  • the high-tension electrodes are located on the same side with respect to the collecting electrode, each high-tension electrode having one-half the useful length of said collecting electrode.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the ionization cham ber, as shown in transverse cross-section;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram which explains the cycle of operation
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative elec* trode arrangement for the ionization chamber.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative electrode arrangement.
  • the ionization chamber is of cylindrical shape.
  • the chamber is essentially constituted by two high-tension electrodes 1 and 2 each forming a portion of cylinder and located on each side of a collecting electrode 3 which 3,414,726 Patented Dec. 3, 1968 ice is also of cylindrical shape.
  • the two electrodes 1 and 2 are identical and located at an equal distance from the collecting electrode 3.
  • the electrodes 1 and 2 are connected to a high-tension alternating-current source 10 and are supplied in opposite phase.
  • the collecting electrode 3 is maintained at a constant voltage and connected to a system for amplifying and recording the ionization current.
  • the cycle of operation of this chamber is shown dia grammatically in FIG. 2 by means of two graphs wherein the top graph indicates the voltages applied to the different electrodes, while the bottom graph represents the ionization current which is collected on the collecting electrode 3.
  • the high-tension electrodes 1 and 2 are supplied with alternating current in opposite phase and are brought to alternating current potentials V and V as represented by two opposite sine waves.
  • the mean valve V of these voltages is therefore constant.
  • the potential V of the collecting electrode 3 is also constant but is different from the mean value V
  • the ionization current in each compartment 4 and 5 is at maximum value when the potential difference V -V or V V within said compartment is at least equal to the saturation voltage V of the ionization chamber.
  • the ionization current of the chamber is therefore at maximum value when the difference between the mean potential V and said constant potential V is equal to said saturation voltage.
  • the potential V of the electrode 2 coincides with that of the collecting electrode V while the electrode 1 is at the potential 2V, with respect to the aforesaid collecting electrode 3.
  • the compartment 5 which separates the electrode 2 from the electrode 3 therefore supplies no ionization current while the compartment 4 supplies the same current as before.
  • the two high-tension electrodes are brought relatively to -the collecting electrode to voltages which are either equal to or higher than saturation voltage but which are in opposition.
  • the two compartments of the ionization chamber deliver ionization currents which are substantially equal but in opposite direction.
  • the ionization current which is collected on the collecting electrode is substantially zero.
  • the fundamental frequency of the ionization current which is collected is doublethat of the supply frequency and therefore of the frequency of the stray currents.
  • the capacitances between the electrodes 1 and 3 on the one hand and 2 and 3 on the other hand are substantially equal and subjected to the same fluctuations. The compensation of stray currents which are due to the capacitances therefore takes place inside the ionization chamber.
  • the cable At the outlet of an ionization chamber, the cable itself forms an ionization chamber and supplies a current which, in the case of direct-current supply, can prove troublesome and which, in the case of alternating-current supply, is filtered.
  • a direct-current amplifier is subjected to a drift which makes it necessary to allow said amplifier to heat up for a long time before it can be put to use. This disadvantage does not exist in the case of alternating current amplifiers.
  • the ionization chamber had a cylindrical shape and that the two electrodes 1 and 2 were each on one side of the collecting electrode 3.
  • the two electrodes 1 and 2 were each on one side of the collecting electrode 3.
  • other arrangements of the electrodes could be employed without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the electrodes could each be constituted by a cylinder which is placed concentrically with the collecting electrode 3, the electrode 1 being located outside said collecting electrode while the electrode 2' would accordingly be located inside this latter as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the electrodes could be fiat.
  • Another arrangement would consist in placing the two high-tension electrodes on a same side of the collecting electrode, each of these electrodes thus corresponding to a portion of said collecting electrode in order to ensure that the two ionization compartments are placed side by side as shown in FIG. 4 or one above the other.
  • the ionization current will always have a frequency which is double that of the supply current and the compensation will be automaticall effected in the interior of the ionization chamber.
  • the two high-tension electrodes 1 and 2 are connected (as shown in FIG. 1) to the two outputs of a push-pull generator 10 having a frequency F.
  • the collecting electrode 3 is connected to the central point M of the generator through the intermediary of a stabilized direct-current high tension 12 and the input of the amplifier 14 is tuned to the frequency 2F.
  • the ionization chamber is filled with boron trifiuoride or else the walls of its two ionization compartments 4 and 5 are lined with boron.
  • the interior of the electrodes 1 and 2 and the exterior of the electrode 3 are accordingly coated each with a layer 6, 7 and 8 respectively.
  • the said collecting electrode would be a cylinder which surrounds the two electrodes 1 and 2.
  • the reception would be carried out on a differential amplifier which measures the difference between the currents derived from the first collecting electrode (neutron flux+gamma radiation flux) and the current which is derived from the second collecting electrode (gamma radiation flux).
  • An ionization chamber for the safety system of a nuclear reactor is designed on the basis of a non-compensated ionization chamber since the gamma radiation flux is of little importance.
  • An impedance for example, a capacitance, is interposed between one of the high-tension electrodes and the corresponding output of the push-pull generator. In this manner, compensation for leakage currents is dispensed with and there is collected at the output of the collecting electrode on the one hand a current having a frequency P which is collected on an amplifier which indicates the good state of the ionization chamber and, on the other hand, a current having a frequency 2F which is collected on another amplifier which triggers the reactor safety devices.
  • the chamber which has been described lends itself to the very numerous applications which usually call for the use of conventional ionization chambers and especially gas circulation chambers, whether of the simple or differential type.
  • This latter application is extremely useful when the circulation of hot gases is concerned, by reason of the advantage which is conferred by the ionization chamber described in that this latter makes it possible to reduce stray currents as a result of compensation of the capacitances within the interior itself of the chamber.
  • An ionization chamber adapted to be energized by high voltage alternating current comprising:
  • each said compartment being defined between a different one of said high voltage electrodes and said collecting electrode;

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
US408567A 1963-11-09 1964-11-03 Ionization chamber for high-tension alternating current operation Expired - Lifetime US3414726A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR953293A FR1383057A (fr) 1963-11-09 1963-11-09 Chambre d'ionisation utilisable avec une haute tension alternative

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3414726A true US3414726A (en) 1968-12-03

Family

ID=8816238

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US408567A Expired - Lifetime US3414726A (en) 1963-11-09 1964-11-03 Ionization chamber for high-tension alternating current operation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3414726A (xx)
FR (1) FR1383057A (xx)
GB (1) GB1080707A (xx)
LU (1) LU47274A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6412799A (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS479478U (xx) * 1971-02-26 1972-10-04
US3710116A (en) * 1968-03-05 1973-01-09 M Zielczynski Dosimeter for penetrating ionizing radiation of any composition and spectrum
US3808441A (en) * 1971-04-30 1974-04-30 Thomson Csf Devices for measuring the dose rate of a beam of ionising radiation
US3942012A (en) * 1973-01-26 1976-03-02 C.G.R.-Mev System for monitoring the position, intensity, uniformity and directivity of a beam of ionizing radiation
US4302696A (en) * 1978-07-19 1981-11-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gamma-ray compensated ionization chamber
US4590401A (en) * 1983-02-25 1986-05-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ion chamber with a flat sensitivity response characteristic
WO2017015629A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 Viewray Technologies, Inc. Ion chamber for radiation measurement

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5114088A (en) * 1974-07-25 1976-02-04 Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst Entokeino jikoshutsuryokugatachuseishikenshutsuki

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2986636A (en) * 1957-08-15 1961-05-30 Robertshaw Fulton Controls Co Linear and logarithmic amplifiers for compensated ionization chambers
US3067350A (en) * 1957-06-14 1962-12-04 Landis & Gyr Ag Controllable ionization chamber
US3264154A (en) * 1963-01-28 1966-08-02 Church Craft Inc Method of making a picture slide

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3067350A (en) * 1957-06-14 1962-12-04 Landis & Gyr Ag Controllable ionization chamber
US2986636A (en) * 1957-08-15 1961-05-30 Robertshaw Fulton Controls Co Linear and logarithmic amplifiers for compensated ionization chambers
US3264154A (en) * 1963-01-28 1966-08-02 Church Craft Inc Method of making a picture slide

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710116A (en) * 1968-03-05 1973-01-09 M Zielczynski Dosimeter for penetrating ionizing radiation of any composition and spectrum
JPS479478U (xx) * 1971-02-26 1972-10-04
JPS5119911Y2 (xx) * 1971-02-26 1976-05-25
US3808441A (en) * 1971-04-30 1974-04-30 Thomson Csf Devices for measuring the dose rate of a beam of ionising radiation
US3942012A (en) * 1973-01-26 1976-03-02 C.G.R.-Mev System for monitoring the position, intensity, uniformity and directivity of a beam of ionizing radiation
US4302696A (en) * 1978-07-19 1981-11-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Gamma-ray compensated ionization chamber
US4590401A (en) * 1983-02-25 1986-05-20 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ion chamber with a flat sensitivity response characteristic
WO2017015629A1 (en) * 2015-07-22 2017-01-26 Viewray Technologies, Inc. Ion chamber for radiation measurement
CN108027445A (zh) * 2015-07-22 2018-05-11 优瑞技术公司 用于辐射测量的离子室
JP2018522381A (ja) * 2015-07-22 2018-08-09 ビューレイ・テクノロジーズ・インコーポレイテッドＶｉｅｗＲａｙ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ， Ｉｎｃ． 放射線測定のためのイオンチャンバ
US10183181B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2019-01-22 Viewray Technologies, Inc. Ion chamber for radiation measurement
US10821304B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2020-11-03 Viewray Technologies, Inc. Ion chamber for radiation measurement
US11224764B2 (en) 2015-07-22 2022-01-18 Viewray Technologies, Inc. Ion chamber for radiation measurement
CN108027445B (zh) * 2015-07-22 2022-09-02 优瑞技术公司 用于辐射测量的离子室

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1383057A (fr) 1964-12-24
NL6412799A (xx) 1965-05-10
LU47274A1 (xx) 1965-01-04
GB1080707A (en) 1967-08-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Ritchie On surface plasma oscillations in metal foils
US3414726A (en) Ionization chamber for high-tension alternating current operation
US2986636A (en) Linear and logarithmic amplifiers for compensated ionization chambers
US2009457A (en) Method and apparatus for producing high voltage
Roth Experimental study of spectral index, mode coupling, and energy cascading in a turbulent, hot-ion plasma
Brossier et al. Experimental Observation of Drift Instabilities in a Collisionless Plasma
US2166210A (en) Magnetron discharge tube for frequency multiplication
US3246230A (en) Voltage multiplication apparatus
Thomassen Rotational Instability in a Penning-Type Discharge
US2326677A (en) Ionic tube circuits
US2883551A (en) High voltage generator
US3209244A (en) Device for the measurement of gas pressures including space current modulating means
US2927280A (en) Method and apparatus for translating the frequency of a signal
US3054942A (en) Automatic voltage regulator
US2617078A (en) Electric discharge tube
Matsumoto Anomalous diffusion arising from drift instability in a cylindrical plasma
SU731427A1 (ru) Стабилизатор переменного электрического сигнала
US2952813A (en) Device for the amplification of minute space currents
Neugebauer Equilibrium solutions for partially immersed relativistic electron beams
US2747086A (en) High frequency electrical systems having high input impedance
SU150929A1 (ru) Источник трехфазного напр жени
GB647702A (en) Improvements in or relating to ultra high frequency apparatus having modulation control means
SU136828A1 (ru) Способ измерени разности потоков ионизирующего излучени
Bronwell et al. Vacuum-tube detector and converter for microwaves using large electron transit angles
US3260945A (en) Device for the amplification of minute space currents