US3410811A - Porous weak base anion exchange resins from polyvinyl chloride and amines - Google Patents

Porous weak base anion exchange resins from polyvinyl chloride and amines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3410811A
US3410811A US682533A US68253367A US3410811A US 3410811 A US3410811 A US 3410811A US 682533 A US682533 A US 682533A US 68253367 A US68253367 A US 68253367A US 3410811 A US3410811 A US 3410811A
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resin
polyvinyl chloride
amine
resins
base anion
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US682533A
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Richard G Bufton
Leo L Benezra
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Diamond Shamrock Corp
Rohm and Haas Co
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Diamond Shamrock Corp
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Assigned to DUOLITE INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP. reassignment DUOLITE INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A weak-base anion-exchange resin of improved physical and chemical stability is produced by reacting particulate polyvinyl chloride resin with an aqueous amine solution at a temperature in excess of 100 C. Following amination the resin is further reacted with a polyfunctional agent having at least two amine-reactive groups.
  • This invention relates to novel anionexchange resins and methods for their preparation, and more particularly to anion-exchange resins derived from polyvinyl chloride.
  • British Patent 919,965 discloses a method for aminating poly-vinyl chloride film in an aqueous medium, at temperatures up to 100 C.
  • the product of this reaction which is in film rather than granular form, is unstable to normal alkaline cycling conditions (e.g., 0.1 N alkali) in that such conditions cause a rapid decrease in capacity.
  • the aminated resin of British Patent 893,286 is made by reacting polyvinyl chloride with an aqueous amine at 85-100 C. in the presence of a swelling agent such as chlorobenzene. Besides being unstable to both acid and base at moderately high temperatures this resin expands to about 300% of its original volume during exhaustion.
  • a principal object of this invention is to prepare an improved weak-based anion-exchange resin from polyvinyl chloride.
  • a further object is to prepare a granular, polyvinyl chloride-based anion-exchange resin which is characterized by high capacity and low volume change during the exchange cycle.
  • Still another object is to prepare an anion-exchange resin with a stable exchange capacity.
  • a weak-base anion-exchange resin having an improved chemical and physical stability is obtained by reacting a porous, granular, polyvinyl chloride resin with an aqueous solution of a basic compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia and aliphatic monoand polyamines having less than 13 carbon atoms per molecule, at a temperature of at least 100 C. and subsequently further reacting the aminated polyvinyl chloride resin with a polyfunctional compound having at least two amine-reactive groups.
  • a basic compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia and aliphatic monoand polyamines having less than 13 carbon atoms per molecule
  • resins are obtained which, when compared to prior art resins, have an improved chemical stability, in that they are resistant to alkali and acid degradation even at high temperatures, and :an improved physical stability, in that they exhibit little tendency to change volume during the exhaustion and regeneration cycles.
  • Polyvinyl chloride resins useful in the practice of the present invention are those having a porous structure and are preferably prepared by a suspension-type polymerization process. Bulk-polymerized material may, however, also be used if ground to the desired particle size. This desired particle size generally ranges within from 8 to 300 mesh, preferably 16-50 mesh. Polyvinyl chloride resins having a molecular weight in excess of 10,000, and preferably in excess of 80,000, are preferred.
  • the polyvinyl chloride resin is reacted with an aqueous solution of ammonia or an aliphatic amine.
  • the amines particularly useful in the practice of the present invention include any of the aliphatic monoand polyamines which. have less than 13 carbon atoms per molecule.
  • Monoamines which are useful in the practice of the present invention include methylamine and dimethylamine.
  • the polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, bis-(hexamethylene)triamine and 1,6- diaminohexane.
  • the monoamines are, however, somewhat more economical to use and still yield resins having superior properties as compared with prior art resins.
  • the amine will be reacted with the polyvinyl chloride resin in the form of an aqueous solution generally containing from -90%, by volume, of amine.
  • an aqueous solution generally containing from -90%, by volume, of amine.
  • Aqueous solutions also permit that the process may be run at higher temperatures than most prior art processes primarily because of the lessened increase in swelling of the polymer and it is believed that this increase in temperature results in a further improvement in the properties of the anion-exchange resin, particularly with regard to its resistance to acid and alkali degradation at high temperatures.
  • the polyvinyl chloride resin is mixed with the aqueous solution of amine or ammonia.
  • the molar ratio of amine to polyvinyl chloride (the latter calculated on a monomer basis) will depend in large part on the reactivity and functionality of the particular amine being used, and may be, for example, between 1:1 and 10:1.
  • This polyvinyl chloride-amine or ammonia mixture is then reacted at a temperature in excess of 100 C. for a period of time sufiicient to carry out the reaction to the desired degree, as indicated by attainment of a satisfactory volume capacity in the product resin.
  • the amount of time required for complete reaction will of course vary with the nature of the reactants and the temperature, it being generally understood that higher reaction temperatures decrease the amount of time which is required. While the reaction may ordinarily be run at atmospheric pressures it may be sometimes necessary or desirable to use a sealed reaction vessel or autoclave. This is particularly true in the case where a Volatile amine is used.
  • aminated polyvinyl chloride resin may be separated from the liquid phase and washed with water prior to continuing the reaction as is further described hereinbelow.
  • a polyfunctional compound having at least two amine-reactive groups include those compounds which contain at least two groups such as halide, acetate, sulphate and epoxide.
  • Illustrative of these compounds are epichlorohydrin; 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane; 2,2- dichlorocliethyl ether; 1,4-dichlorobutane; 1,4-dichloro-2- butene; p-xylylene dichloride and the like.
  • the molar ratio of the polyfunctional, amine-reactive compound to the aminated polyvinyl chloride resin may of course be varied widely depending upon the properties desired in the final product. In general, however, ratios of from 0.03 to 1.0 mole of amine-reactive compound per hole of aminated polyvinyl chloride are effective.
  • the reaction conditions are also subject to rather wide variations according to the nature of the reactants. For example, for the reaction of epichlorohydrin with aminated polyvinyl chloride, an aqueous system may be employed and temperatures within the range of from 70100 C. are suitable.
  • R is the residue associated with the amine or ammonia and may, for example, be hydrogen, alkyl, alkylene or amino-bis-alkylene; in the latter two cases, the group is, of course, also attached to another amino group or the polymer chain.
  • R is the organic residue derived from the polyfunctional, amine-reactive compound.
  • the polyvinyl chloride-methylamine-epichlorohydrin product will contain a repeating group with the formula
  • Example 1 A 62.5 gram portion of PVC-450 (a granular polyvinyl chloride resin manufactured by Diamond Alkali Company) is reacted at 120 C. for 16 hours, with stirring, with an (by volume) aqueous solution of 258 grams (2.3 moles) of diethylenetriamine. The resulting aminated polyvinyl chloride resin is separated, Washed with deionized water and reacted for 16 hours at 80 C. with a solution of 15.7 grams of epichlorohydrin in 500 milliliters of water.
  • PVC-450 a granular polyvinyl chloride resin manufactured by Diamond Alkali Company
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated with the exception that the amine used is a 40% aqueous solution of methylamine and, because of the low boiling point of said methylamine, the reaction takes place in an autoclave.
  • the aminetPVC molar ratio is 3:1.
  • the resultant weak-base anion-exchange resin is labeled Resin No. 2.
  • Example 3 62.5 grams of PVC-450 is reacted with an 80% aqueous solution of 258 grams of diethylenetriamine in a sealed autoclave at a temperature of 200 C., with stirring, for 16 hours. The aminated polyvinyl chloride resin is separated from the reaction mixture, washed with water and labeled Resin No. 3.
  • Example 4 According to one embodiment of British Patent No. 919,965, 62.5 grams of PVC-45 resin is reacted with a 70% aqueous solution of diethylenetriamine for 2 hours at 100 C. The resultant product is separated, rinsed with methanol and reacted overnight at 100 C. with an additional portion of 80% aqueous diethylenetriamine. The final resin is then separated, washed with water and labeled Resin No. 4.
  • Example 5 The procedure of Example 4 is repeated with the exception that the treatment with the 80% aqueous solution of diethylenetriamine takes place over a period of 2 hours rather than overnight.
  • the resultant weak-base anion-exchange resin is labeled Resin No. 5.
  • Example 6 According to a further embodiment of British Patent 919,965, 62.5 grams of PVC-450 is reacted for 4 hours at 95100 C. with an 80% aqueous hexamethylenedi-- amine solution. The resultant resin is labeled Resin No. 6.
  • Example 7 According to the procedure of British Patent 893,286, 12.5 grams of PVC-450, 56.5 milliliters of chlorobenzene and an 81.5% (by volume) aqueous solution of 92.3 grams of bis(hexamethylene)triamine is reacted overnight at 100 C. The resultant resin is removed by filtration, washed with methanol and labeled Resin No. 7. A portion of this Resin No. 7 is extracted for 2 hours with methanol and labeled Resin No. 8. In turn, a portion of Resin No. 8 is dried for 2 hours at 100 C. and is labeled Resin No. 9.
  • Example 8 The procedure of Example No. 7, including the extraction and drying of the resin, is repeated and the resin is labeled Resin No. 10.
  • Example 9 An attempt is made to prepare an anion-exchange resin according to the procedure of Example 7 only employing diethylenetriamine instead of the bis(hexamethylene)triamine. By this practice, however, an unusable mass of material is obtained rather than a granular product.
  • Table I sets forth the weak base capacity (in equivalents per liter of resin, 0.03), the bed capacity (in milliequivalents per 0.1 mole of resin, :02) and percent volume expansion of the various resins when contacted in the basic form with an excess of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. These values are reported in the first instance as they appear shortly following the formation of the resins. The values are also reported after contacting the resins for two consecutive 7 day periods with an excess of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 90 C.
  • Resin No. 1 manufactured according to the practice of the present invention, shows an optimum combination of physical and chemical stability; chemical stability evidenced by substantially no capacity loss even after 14 days treatment with hot acid, physical stability evidenced by a minimum amount of swelling.
  • Other resins fail to meet commercial standards in that they are lacking in either physical or chemical stability or, if appearing to exhibit some degree of both chemical and physical stability, fail owing to the difficulty in obtaining reproduceable results.
  • Example 10 A portion of Resin No. 6 is treated for 7, 14 and 21 days with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid at 90 C. Table II compares the effect on bed capacity of this treatment with the eifect of the same treatment on Resin No. l (resin of the present invention).
  • a method for the production of a weak-base anionexchange resin which method comprises the steps of,
  • step (B) Further reacting the product from step (A) with a polyfunctional compound having at least two amine-reactive groups and selected from the group consisting of epichlorohydrin; 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane; 2,2'-dichlorodiethy1 ether; 1,4-dichlorobutane; 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and p-xylylene dichloride.
  • a polyfunctional compound having at least two amine-reactive groups and selected from the group consisting of epichlorohydrin; 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane; 2,2'-dichlorodiethy1 ether; 1,4-dichlorobutane; 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and p-xylylene dichloride.
  • ratio of the basic compound to the polyvinyl chloride resin is within the range of from 1:1 to 10:1.
  • polyvinyl chloride resin is a suspension polymerized resin having a particle size of about 16-50 mesh and a molecular weight of at least about 80,000.
  • a weak-base anion-exchange resin produced by the method of claim 1 having a repeating unit of the formula wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the organic residue of an amine selected from the group consisting of monoand polyamines having less than 13 carbon atoms per molecule and R is the organic residue of a polyfunctional compound having at least two amine-reactive groups and selected from the group consisting of epichlorohydrin; 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane; 2,2-dichlorodiethyl ether; 1,4-dichlorobutane; 1,4-dichloro2-butene and p-xylylene dichloride.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
US682533A 1964-01-20 1967-11-13 Porous weak base anion exchange resins from polyvinyl chloride and amines Expired - Lifetime US3410811A (en)

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BE (1) BE658488A (en)van)
DE (1) DE1570432C3 (en)van)
FR (1) FR1439038A (en)van)
GB (1) GB1073249A (en)van)
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070530A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-01-24 Monsanto Company Catalytic amination of polymeric polyols and resulting amino substituted polymers
FR2420547A1 (fr) * 1978-03-24 1979-10-19 Sumitomo Chemical Co Resine sequestrante, sa preparation et ses utilisations
US4191814A (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-03-04 Rohm And Haas Company Polyamine-crosslinked anion exchange resin
US4537831A (en) * 1984-02-22 1985-08-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Crosslinking of chlorine-containing polymers
WO1994022927A1 (en) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-13 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Synthesis of aminated pvcs by controlled reaction with piperazine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884846A (en) * 1972-05-23 1975-05-20 Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd Process for producing materials which complex heavy metals in liquid
DE3376003D1 (en) * 1982-12-28 1988-04-21 Toyo Soda Mfg Co Ltd Fluorocarbon polymers and process for their preparation

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898309A (en) * 1955-11-08 1959-08-04 Pfaudler Permutit Inc Anion exchange resins from epihalohydrin and polyalkylenepolyamines
GB893286A (en) * 1958-12-02 1962-04-04 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to methods of extracting metals by anion exchange process
GB919965A (en) * 1958-03-13 1963-02-27 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to ion-exchange processes
US3147214A (en) * 1958-07-09 1964-09-01 Permutit Co Ltd Removal of anions from aqueous solutions
US3210299A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-10-05 Bayer Ag Polyethylene imine anion-exchange resins of sponge-like structure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2898309A (en) * 1955-11-08 1959-08-04 Pfaudler Permutit Inc Anion exchange resins from epihalohydrin and polyalkylenepolyamines
GB919965A (en) * 1958-03-13 1963-02-27 Nat Res Dev Improvements in or relating to ion-exchange processes
US3147214A (en) * 1958-07-09 1964-09-01 Permutit Co Ltd Removal of anions from aqueous solutions
GB893286A (en) * 1958-12-02 1962-04-04 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Improvements in or relating to methods of extracting metals by anion exchange process
US3210299A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-10-05 Bayer Ag Polyethylene imine anion-exchange resins of sponge-like structure

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4070530A (en) * 1975-10-30 1978-01-24 Monsanto Company Catalytic amination of polymeric polyols and resulting amino substituted polymers
FR2420547A1 (fr) * 1978-03-24 1979-10-19 Sumitomo Chemical Co Resine sequestrante, sa preparation et ses utilisations
US4277566A (en) * 1978-03-24 1981-07-07 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Chelate resin prepared by aftertreatment of aminated resin with polyfunctional compound and amine
US4191814A (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-03-04 Rohm And Haas Company Polyamine-crosslinked anion exchange resin
US4537831A (en) * 1984-02-22 1985-08-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Crosslinking of chlorine-containing polymers
WO1994022927A1 (en) * 1993-04-07 1994-10-13 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Synthesis of aminated pvcs by controlled reaction with piperazine
US5403895A (en) * 1993-04-07 1995-04-04 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Synthesis of aminated PVCs by controlled reaction with piperazine

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Publication number Publication date
BE658488A (en)van) 1965-07-19
FR1439038A (fr) 1966-05-20
DE1570432C3 (de) 1978-03-02
IL22808A (en) 1968-09-26
DE1570432B2 (de) 1977-07-14
NL128230C (en)van) 1970-02-16
GB1073249A (en) 1967-06-21
NL6500661A (en)van) 1965-07-21
DE1570432A1 (de) 1970-07-09

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