US340941A - dunning - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

' W. B. DUNNING.

- STEAM BOILER. NO. 340,941. Patented Apr. 27, 1886;

N. PETERS. PhoXo-Lllbognphar, Washington. D. c.

(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. B. DUNNING.

STEAM BOILER. No. 340,941. Patented Apr. 27, 1886.

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Witnesses: Inuenifor: M Q W mgzzamfljwmn ma o M N. PErERs PhohrLilhogmphor, vimfingwm n c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

\VILLIAMB. DUNNING, OF GENEVA, NE\V YORK.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,941, dated April 2-7, 1886.

Application filed January 7, 1886. Serial No. 187,902.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM B. DUNNING,Of Geneva, in the county of Ontario and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to steam-boilers of the same general character as that patented to me April 12, 1870; and the invention consists in certain novel features of construction and arrangement of parts, as hereinafter more fully set forth.

Figure 1 is a transverse vertical section of my improved boiler, set ready for use, the section being on the line :0 x of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a transverse horizontal section on the line 3 y of Fig. 1.

This boiler is designed more especially for heating buildings by what is termed the lowpressure system, though it may be used for other purposes, the same as any ordinary steam-boiler.

The special objects of my present invention are to simplify and cheapen the construction, increase the heating-surfaee, and utilize the fuel and its gaseous products to the best possible advantage. To accomplish these results I proceed as follows: I first make an annular water-chamber, B, which is formed of two sheets of boiler-iron or steel bent to a circular form, the ends of each sheet being lapped and riveted together in the usual manner. One of these sheets, by preference the inner one, has its upper end flared or bent, so as to bring it in contact with the adjoining surface of the other, to which it is securely riveted all around, as shown in Fig. 1, this bend or flare being sufficient to form between the two sheets or rings a water-chamber of the desired thickness two inches, (more or less.) Between these sheets, at their lower ends, I insert an annular ring, 19, and secure the whole together by passing bolts or rivets through both sheets and the ring and riveting them, as' shown in Fig. 1, though nuts may be used on one end of the bolts, if desired. I then proceed in the same manner to form a second annular water-chamber, A, of a larger diameter and of greater length or height, it being from onefourth to one-third longer than the first, and of such a diameter that when placed outside of the chamber B there will be left between (No model.)

the two an annular space, I, about two inches in width, (more or less) as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The only difierence between the two water-chambers A and B, aside from their difference in size, is that instead of using the annular ring 19 to unite the lower ends of the sheets forming the outer chamber, A, I have flanged or beveled the inner sheet at the bottom as well as the top, as shown clearly in Fig. 1. It is obvious that both the inner and outer water-chambers may be formed in this way-that is, that one of the sheets of each may be bent or flared at both ends, the same as the outer one is; but I prefer to use the ring 1) at the lower end of the inner one to give a broader bearing on the base.

The two annular water-chambers A and B, I connect by large flanged tubes at, riveted around holes cut in the adjoining surfaces of each, as shown in Fig. 1, these tubes aextending across the annular heat-flue I from one water-chamber to the other, and being secured by rivets e, which extend from themside of one chamber through the sheet therco through both flanges of the connectingtubes, and through the sheet of the other chamber, as clearly shown in Fig. 1, these bolts or rivets e thus serving as stay-bolts to hold the two chambers together, as well as to secure the tubes to the walls of the chambers, the one set of rivets thus serving the purpose for which two sets are ordinarily used, where each end of the flanged tube is riveted separately to each sheet. These connecting-tubes a, as will be understood, are for the purpose of allowing a free circulation of the water and steam from one chamber to the other, and they are located at or near both top and bottom of the inner chamber, as shown in Fig. 1. More or less of them may be used, there be: lour shown in the lower row in Fig. 2; but as they are considerably larger in diameter than the connecting -pipes ordinarily used, it is ob vious that three,or even two,in each row will suffice, it only being necessary to use enough of them to secure a circulation and firmly secure the two chambers, so that the inner one, B, shall support the outer one, A, as shown; though, if desired, it is obvious that the outer chamber, A, may be provided with additional supports, such as brackets inserted in the surrounding brick wall,or narrow piers or iron supports placed vertically under its lower end at intervals. At the proper height an opening is made through both chambers at one side, for the insertion of a metal box or tube, G, to the outer end of which is hinged a door having a damper, (I, attached, as shown in Fig. 1, this being for the purpose of inserting kindling, when desired, enabling the. attendant to see the condition of the fuel and tire within, the damper also serving to admit air to mingle with the gas given 01f by the coal, and thus secure a more perfect combustion of the gas.

As shown in Fig. 1, the sheets or walls of each chamber A and B, at the points where holes are cut through them for the insertion of the box G, are riveted to rings at, made of the proper shape and size to surround the box, thus forming water-tight joints, so that the box G can be inserted or withdrawn at any time without in any manner affecting the boiler proper.

I provide a cast-iron top-plate, L, of such a size as to cover the entire boiler and the surrounding heat-flue J, and to project far enough beyond these to rest upon and be supported by the brick wall, as shown in Fig. 1. This plate L has on its under side a depending annular flange, so located as to fit over the outside of the water-chamber A at its upper end, as shown. It is also provided with a large central orifice somewhat greater in diameter than the magazine D, and around this orifice the plate L has a vertical flange or 001 lar, t, as shown, and which I prefer to castin tegral with the plate, though, if preferred, it may be made separately, and be bolted thereto or set thereon and be held in place by lugs cast on the plate. I prefer the plan shown, however, because it leaves no joint for the es-' cape of gas or smoke. v

The magazine D consists of a tubular reservoir of theproper size, its body preferaby be ing ofwrought-iron, with a detachable cast-iron mouthpiece, which can be removed and re placed by another when burned by long use. At its upper end this body D is secured to a cast-iron collar, F, which is provided with adepending annular flange, t, to which the body D is riveted or bolted, as shown in Fig. l, the horizontal port-ion of the collar F projecting far enough to rest securely upon the top of the flange tof the covering-plate L, as shown clearly in Fig. l, the top or covering plate thus supporting the magazine. A cover, E, is pivoted by a bolt, 1), to the collar F, so that it can be shoved around to one side to open the magazine and be brought back to close the same.

It will be observed that the collar or flange t, on which the magazine rests, is somewhat larger in diameter than the magazine, thus forming an annular space between them, as shown in Fig. 1, and near its top the magazine is provided with a number of small holes, 6, opening intothe annular space, to permit the escape of any gas that may be in the seopcl magazine,the gas being thus conducted into the combustion-chamber C, where it is consumed.

The relative diameters of the magazine and the inner waterchamber, B, are such as to leave quite a large annular space, H, between them, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and this, with the still larger space above, within the outer water-chamber A and between the covering-plate L and the top of the water-chamber B, forms a combustionchamber, O, in which the gases given off by the burning coal are thoroughly commingled with the air admitted through the regulating-damper d, by which means the gases are thoroughly consumed, thus not only creating a high degree of heat, but also utilizing the fuel very eifectually. The heat passes from-this chamber 0 down the annular space I between the two water chambers, which space extends entirely around, and may therefore be made quite nar row, thus causing the heat to impinge upon the adjoining walls of the two chambers A and B throughout their entire extent, and from the bottom offlue I the heat extends up around the exterior'of the outer shell or water-chant ber, A, until it reaches the inwardly-project ing brick diaphragm f, shown in Fig. 1, (and which extends three-fourths or more of the distance around the boiler,) by which it is deflected and made to pass in opposite directions around to the opposite side of the boiler, where an opening is left in the diaphragm, through which it passes'to the upper side of the same and there divides and passes backward around opposite sides of the shell A to' the outlet or smoke-flue 0, care being taken in setting the boiler to arrange this opening in the diaphragm directly opposite the smoke-flue O,-

wherever that may be.

' The steam may be taken by pipes direct from the top of the outer chamber, A, at any point or points desired and carried at once to the radiators; but I prefer to use a steam box or drum, N, set in the brickwork at one side, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and to connect said box with the steam-space in the top of chamber A by two pipes, Z, at opposite sides, as shown clearly in Fig. 2, and by dotted lines in Fig. 1. A pipe, 1', extends from the bottom of this boxX downward and enters the chant her A below the water-line, for the purpose of conducting back to the boiler any water that may chance to enter the box, or that may be condensed therein or in the pipes leading therefrom. The main steam-pipe T will be arranged to take the steam from the upper portion of the box N, preferably from the top, as shown in Fig. 1, and between this outlet-pipe T and the mouth of the inletpipes Z, I interpose a horizontal diaphragm or plate, h, which extends nearly across the box, as-shown, the object of which is to prevent the water which may at any time enter the box from entering the steampipe T, the steam and Water separating as they enter the box below the plate h, the water returning to the boiler through the pipe r, while the steam passes from under the plate It into the upper part of the box, and thence oft through pipe T. In the low-pressure system it is understood that the steam goes to the radiators, is there condensed by the radiation of its heat, and that the water of condensation flows back into the boilerth rough return-pipes properly arranged. The pipe for the return of the water may be arranged to enter the boiler at any desired or convenient point near the bottom, S in Fig. 1 indicating such return-pipe.

By locating the fuel-magazine at the center and providing a passage for the heat up' be tween it and the inner water-chamber the fuel is heated to very near the point of ignition by the time it emerges from the mouth of the magazine, which insures a better resultthan can be attained when the magazine is surrounded by water in direct contact therewith.

At the same time I avoid the presence of the depending water-jacket around the magazine, which sooner orlater becomes filled with sediment at its lower end, and then soon burns out. Any gases which may enter the magazine or be formed therein by thus heating the fuel pass from thence into the combustionchamber 0, where they are burned and fully utilized, as before explained. I

It is well-known that combustion will not take place effectually in flues of small diameter, and hence itis important that a comparatively large combustion-chamber shall be provided for thethorongh combustion of gases before they enter anysmall dues or narrow heatpassage; and by the construction shown I secure such combustion-chamber G,from whence the highly-heated products of combustion can be made to pass down through the narrow annular line I in close contact with the adjoining walls of both water-chambers, thus utilizing the heat to the best possible advantage. By this construction I also increase the heat ingsurt'ace of my boiler, asaboiler of a given size constructed on this plan will contain considerable more heating-surface than one of the same size constructed on my former plan, besides being much simpler and cheaper of construction. By this plan I also secure a much larger and more efficient combustionchamher, by which the fuel is more effectually utilized.

I am aware that it is not new to make a steam-boiler with concentric water chambers or shells, both semicircular and circular, and therefore I do not claim such, broadly; but

Vhat I do claim is- 1. A steam-boiler composed of the annular water-chambers A and B, of uniform thickness throughout their length, but of different lengths, the shorter one being arranged within the outer one and connected thereto by the tubes or passages a a, and both having their lower ends set in the same horizontal plane,or substantially so, whereby the enlarged combustion-chamber O is formed within the upper portion of the outer water-chamber,and made to extend to the top thereof, substantially as shown and described.

2. The combination,in a steam-boiler, of the two annular water-chambers A and B, connected and arranged in relation to each other substantially as shown, and the centi'allylocated magazine D, with the concentric heatflue H, arranged to convey the products of combustion upward in direct contact with the exterior wall of the magazine to the enlarged combustionchamber G, substantially as shown and described. I

8. A stcamboiler composed of the two concentric water-chambers A and B, connected at top and bottom by the watei passages a a, the central magazine,D, with the heat-flue H, combustion-chamber G, and heat-flue I, all constructed and arranged for joint operation, substantially as shown and described.

4. In combination with the two annular waterchambers A and B, the covering-plate L, provided with the flange g for encircling the upper end of the water-chamber A, and made to extend beyond the same laterally over the outer smokeflue and rest upon the surrounding wall, whereby it is made to cover the heatchamber and smokeflues, hold the upper end of the boiler in position, and form a support195 for the brick or other covering and the magazine, substantially as shown and described.

5. In combination with the two annular waterchambers A and B, the covering-plate L, provided with the central opening,and the surrounding collar t, with the magazine D, pro.- vided with the lateral flange F, and holes 6, arranged to rest upon said collar, with an an unlarspaee between the collar t and the magazine, the whole being constructed and arranged to operate as set forth.

\VM. B. DUNNING.

IVitnesses:

S. SoU'm-nvon'rri, (nus. H. RUsI-I.

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