US3408974A - Ship steering system - Google Patents

Ship steering system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3408974A
US3408974A US548233A US54823366A US3408974A US 3408974 A US3408974 A US 3408974A US 548233 A US548233 A US 548233A US 54823366 A US54823366 A US 54823366A US 3408974 A US3408974 A US 3408974A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ship
tunnel
steering
screen
hull
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Expired - Lifetime
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US548233A
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English (en)
Inventor
Pehrsson Lennart Anders
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Metso Fiber Karlstad AB
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Karlstad Mekaniska Ab
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H25/00—Steering; Slowing-down otherwise than by use of propulsive elements; Dynamic anchoring, i.e. positioning vessels by means of main or auxiliary propulsive elements
    • B63H25/42—Steering or dynamic anchoring by propulsive elements; Steering or dynamic anchoring by propellers used therefor only; Steering or dynamic anchoring by rudders carrying propellers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A ship steering system which includes tunnels extending transversely through a ships hull at the bow or stern or both in which is mounted a reversing or reversible pitch propeller in order to pump water selectively through the tunnel to exert a steering force on the hull and including vanes or screens which can be extended outwardly from and withdrawn into the hull located behind the ends of the tunnel or tunnels in the direction of movement of the ship in order to exert a turning force on the hull and also to direct water selectively into the tunnel during the forward or rearward movement of the ship to enable contro] of the steering of the ship either at low or high speeds.
  • This invention relates to improvements in steering systems for ships of the type including a reversible or reversible pitch propeller mounted in a tunnel extending transversely through a ships hull and more particularly to a system of the type described which is capable of eiiicient operation and at substantially all ship speeds.
  • Steering systems generally of the type referred to above are known and have been disclosed in a number of patents, including, for example, the Iardmo U. S. Patent No. 3,002,486, dated October 3, 1961.
  • Steering systems of this type are usually installed in the fore-part or bow section of the ship but they may also be used in the aft or stern part of the ship or both in the bow and stern portions of the ship.
  • the prior systems improve the maneuverability of the ship at low ship speeds but it is recognized that their effect diminishes greatly as the ships speed increases.
  • means are provided whereby an improved iiow of water through the steering tunnel and improved yaw control are obtained by introducing into the steering action components of force resulting from the movements of the ship.
  • screens or vanes are mounted in the hull of the ship, these vanes being extendible and retractable so that the force of the water against the vanes or screens during the movement of the ship exerts forces tending to turn or yaw the ship and at the same time to direct water more etliciently through the tunnel so that operation of the propeller and the action of the jet of water is substantially improved.
  • one of the screens or vanes adjacent the end of the tunnel is projected from the hull side in a plane which is substantially transverse to the direction which the ship moves and in a position directly behind one open end of the tunnel in relation to the direction which the ship is moving at the time.
  • the screen or vane on the port-side of the ship is projected to aid in steering the ship towards port when the ship is running ahead.
  • the starboard screen is projected to aid in the steering of the ship toward starboard when the ship is moving forwardly.
  • the starboard screen is projected to steer the ship towards port when the ship is running ahead and the port-screen is projected to steer the ship towards starboard.
  • Various combinations of screens and tunnels may be provided in the ship in order to provide for steering when the ship is proceeding forward or astern and in this way, the maneuverability of the ship is greatly increased throughout a wide range of operating speeds thereby facilitating the maneuvering of the ship while docking and also when running at higher speeds.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a steering system of the conventional transverse tunnel and propeller type illustrating the pressures or combinations and forces existing when the ship is running ahead during a port yaw;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates schematically a steering system embodying the present invention and showing the conditions of flow and pressure existing when the ship is running ahead during a port yaw;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a ship provided with two steering systems embodying the present invention, one located in the fore-part and one in the aft part of the ship and showing the conditions of flow and pressure existing when the ship is running ahead during a port yaw;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates schematically the ship disclosed in FIG. 3 running astern during a port yaw
  • FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a portion of a ships hull including a retractable steering screen or vane embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a partial sectional and elevational View of the screen illustrated in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of a portion of a ships hull illustrating one end of the tunnel and a typical steering screen or vane associated therewith;
  • FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of a portion of a ships hull illustrating a modiiied form of tunnel and steering screen or vane associated therewith;
  • FIG. 9 is a plan and lpartial sectional view of a portion of a ships hull including a modified form of steering vane or screen embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a portion of a ships hull showing the tunnel opening and a steering vane or screen of the type shown in FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a horizontal sectional view of a portion of a ships hull illustrating a further modiiication of the steering screen or vane embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a view in horizontal crosssection through a ships hull showing the steering system with the screens or vanes disposed in the position assumed during a port yaw while the ship is running ahead;
  • FIG. 13 is a horizontal sectional view through a portion of the ships hull illustrating the position of the steering vane when the steering system is about to be set into operation.
  • the hull 1 of a ship has in its bow portion a steering system of known type, such as the system disclosed in the lardmo U.S. Patent No. 3,002,584 consisting of a reversible or reversible pitch propellor 3, arranged in a tunnel 5 located transversely in relation to the longitudinal direction of the ship and having open ends 7 and 9 in the opposite sides of the hull.
  • a torque K1 in direction of the tunnel 5 will act upon the hull 1 to push it laterally.
  • the hull 1 is provided with retractable screens or vanes 11 at opposite end of the tunnel (onlyone being shown) in addition to steering system of the type described above including a reversible or reversible pitch propeller in a transverse tunnel having open ends.
  • One of the screens 11 is located at the aft edge of the tunnel opening 7 and is disposed in a plane substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ship.
  • the screen or vane 11 While the ship is running ahead, the screen or vane 11 will, due to the resistance of water against it, be influenced by a force K6, which through its moment arm A produces a yawing moment towards port. I ust behind the screen or vane 11 the pressure in the water decreases, causing a force K7 outwardly from the port side of the fore-part of the ship, which force also provides a yawing moment towards port.
  • the fore-part of the ship is, in addition, influenced by the forces K2, K4, and K5, as indicated in the example disclosed in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a ship provided with two steering systems according to the invention, one located in the fore-part and one in the aft part of the ship.
  • the steering system in the fore-part of the ship operates as described in connection with FIG. 2.
  • the steering gear in the aft part of the ship when its starboard screen 11 is pushed out, the steering system in the aft part of the ship will act upon the hull 1 with yawing moments caused by the torque K1 from the propeller 3, and a force K8 behind the screen 11.
  • the screen 11 will, moreover, be exposed to a force K9 which by its direction in relation to the yawing centre of the ship will tend to counteract the yaw.
  • FIG. 4 shows a ship provided with two steering systems according to the invention, one in the forepart and one in the aft part of the ship.
  • the aft steering system is in this case also provided with the screens or vanes 13 which are located in a plane substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction of the ship, at the forward edges of the tunnel ends 7 and 9.
  • the port screen or vane 13 When the ship is running astern during a yaw towards port, the port screen or vane 13 will Ibe turned to working position and will in that position be acted upon by a force K10.
  • the screen or vane 13 will also assure that the hull 1 forward of the screen 13 is inuenced by a force K11. These two forces together, and the torque K1 from the propeller 3, will give a yawing moment to port.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show in principle the design and the installation in the hull 1, of a retractable screen or vane.
  • the screen or vane 14 is arranged aft of the-tunnel l5' in a well W sealed off from the interior of the hull and can, by means of a servomotor 15, be projected out of or retracted into the well W at an angle to the ship side so that the effect of the screen in the projected position becomes optimum.
  • the screen 14 is suitably guided on ways 17 in the well W which absorb the forces exerted on the screen, so that these will not overload the servomotor 1S.
  • the servomotor 15 can be of any suitable type, for example, a hydraulic or pneumatic servomotor or an electric motor-driven screw.
  • FIG. 7 shows a suitable shape for a screen or vane 14' for use with a tunnel 5 of circular cross-section.
  • the vane 14' as illustrated, -may be of semi-circular crosssection and can be mounted for projection and retraction in the manner shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • the screen or the vane 14" may be a flat plate.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show a variation of the invention where the screen or vane 18 is pivotally mounted so that it can be swung around the axis of a shaft 19 which is substantially parallel to the side of the hull.
  • the screen 18 is not used for steering, it is retracted into a recess 21 in the ships hull.
  • the screen 18 is swung out and in by means of crank arms 23 on the shaft 19, connected to hydraulic cylinders or servomotors 25.
  • torque servomotors can be connected to the shaft 19 or such torque servomotor itself may form the shaft 19.
  • FIGS. 11, 12 and 13 show another variation of steering system according to the invention, in which pivotally mounted screens or vanes 26 can, when the steering system is not used, cover the ends of the tunnel 27 thereby reducing the resistance caused by the tunnel while the ship travels at high speed.
  • Each screen or vane 26 is supported by shafts 27 and 29 and a crank 31 connected to the hull 1 at the aft edges of the ends of the tunnel 27.
  • the turning movement round the shaft 28 is produced by axial servomotors 32 or torque servomotors, and the turning movement round the shaft 29 suitably by means of a torque servomotor.
  • FIG. 11 shows the screen 26 covering the end of the tunnel 27 while the steering system is not used.
  • FIG. 12 shows the position of the screens 26 as the ship runs ahead to produce a yaw toward port.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the position of the screens 26 as the ship runs ahead with the steering gear ready for use.
  • the control of the propeller or propellers in the tunnels, the screens and the locking devices 33 can be coordinated by means of known types of devices so that all functions of the steering system can be controlled by only one steering lever.
  • the drive means for the steering propeller may be of any suitable type such as, for example, a reversible drive connected to a xed pitch propeller or a one-way drive for a reversible pitch propeller as disclosed in Iardmo Patent No. 3,002,486.
  • steering systems of the type embodying the present invention can be located in the foreward or aft portions of the ships hull or both and the steering vanes or screens may be positioned forward and aft of each of the tunnels in order to provide enhanced maneuverability of the ship when moving either ahead or astern.
  • a propeller in said tunnel and means to drive said propeller to force Water through said tunnel in either direction the improvement comprising a vane on said ship adjacent to and rearwardly of each end of said tunnel in the direction of movement of said ship each vane being mounted independently for movement between a retracted position on the ship and a position in which it is extended outwardly substantially transversely of the length of the ship with its outer edge spaced from the ships hull and its major surface presented in substantially unobstructed relation to the water moving relatively toward it, thereby to scoop water and direct it into the tunnel and to alter the forces acting on the ships hull and augment when the ship is under longitudinal way the yawing moment on the ship created by the propeller, and means for selectively projecting a portion of said vane outwardly from said ship and retracting said vane into said ship.
  • the steering system set forth in claim 1 comprising means pivotally supporting said vanes on said ship, and recesses in said ship adjacent to said open ends of said tunnel for receiving said vanes when they are retracted.
  • the steering system set forth in claim 1 comprising means pivotally supporting said vanes for projection at an angle to the direction of movement of said ship and retraction into covering relation to the ends of said tunnel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
US548233A 1965-05-07 1966-05-06 Ship steering system Expired - Lifetime US3408974A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE5987/65A SE322429B (no) 1965-05-07 1965-05-07

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US3408974A true US3408974A (en) 1968-11-05

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US548233A Expired - Lifetime US3408974A (en) 1965-05-07 1966-05-06 Ship steering system

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US (1) US3408974A (no)
JP (1) JPS5120117B1 (no)
DE (1) DE1994275U (no)
DK (1) DK122510B (no)
FI (1) FI45642C (no)
GB (1) GB1146915A (no)
NL (2) NL6606076A (no)
NO (1) NO123679B (no)
SE (1) SE322429B (no)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710748A (en) * 1970-02-27 1973-01-16 Voith Gmbh J M Steering device for ships
US3903829A (en) * 1970-07-02 1975-09-09 Schottel Werft Lateral thrust control unit for watercrafts
FR2815602A1 (fr) * 2000-10-24 2002-04-26 Imeca Engin marin a propulseur d'etrave obturable et propulseur d'etrave obturable
CN101712374A (zh) * 2008-10-01 2010-05-26 住友商事株式会社 带侧向推进器的船体
CN102381439A (zh) * 2011-05-30 2012-03-21 湖南科技大学 一种船体槽道口封盖装置
ITUA20162948A1 (it) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-08 Tekno Consulting Srl Thrusters anti drag system
CN109292036A (zh) * 2018-11-05 2019-02-01 南京恒兴达机电设备制造有限公司 一种外摆式船舶侧推器封盖总成

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1783752A (en) * 1928-07-30 1930-12-02 Clarence F Selzer Ship-steering device
US3008443A (en) * 1956-10-22 1961-11-14 Voith Gmbh J M Device for covering transverse passages in ships
US3127865A (en) * 1960-12-23 1964-04-07 Pleuger Friedrich Wilhelm Propulsion units for watercraft
US3198158A (en) * 1964-04-08 1965-08-03 Winter Duncan Kenneth Ship maneuvering system and control

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1783752A (en) * 1928-07-30 1930-12-02 Clarence F Selzer Ship-steering device
US3008443A (en) * 1956-10-22 1961-11-14 Voith Gmbh J M Device for covering transverse passages in ships
US3127865A (en) * 1960-12-23 1964-04-07 Pleuger Friedrich Wilhelm Propulsion units for watercraft
US3198158A (en) * 1964-04-08 1965-08-03 Winter Duncan Kenneth Ship maneuvering system and control

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3710748A (en) * 1970-02-27 1973-01-16 Voith Gmbh J M Steering device for ships
US3903829A (en) * 1970-07-02 1975-09-09 Schottel Werft Lateral thrust control unit for watercrafts
FR2815602A1 (fr) * 2000-10-24 2002-04-26 Imeca Engin marin a propulseur d'etrave obturable et propulseur d'etrave obturable
CN101712374A (zh) * 2008-10-01 2010-05-26 住友商事株式会社 带侧向推进器的船体
CN101712374B (zh) * 2008-10-01 2014-06-18 住友商事株式会社 带侧向推进器的船体
CN102381439A (zh) * 2011-05-30 2012-03-21 湖南科技大学 一种船体槽道口封盖装置
CN102381439B (zh) * 2011-05-30 2014-04-30 湖南科技大学 一种船体槽道口封盖装置
ITUA20162948A1 (it) * 2016-04-08 2017-10-08 Tekno Consulting Srl Thrusters anti drag system
CN109292036A (zh) * 2018-11-05 2019-02-01 南京恒兴达机电设备制造有限公司 一种外摆式船舶侧推器封盖总成

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6606076A (no) 1966-11-08
GB1146915A (en) 1969-03-26
JPS5120117B1 (no) 1976-06-22
SE322429B (no) 1970-04-06
DE1994275U (de) 1968-09-19
FI45642C (fi) 1972-08-10
NL154461B (nl)
FI45642B (no) 1972-05-02
NO123679B (no) 1971-12-27
DK122510B (da) 1972-03-13

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