US3408277A - Process and apparatus for producing high-bulk synthetic yarns - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for producing high-bulk synthetic yarns Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3408277A US3408277A US431007A US43100765A US3408277A US 3408277 A US3408277 A US 3408277A US 431007 A US431007 A US 431007A US 43100765 A US43100765 A US 43100765A US 3408277 A US3408277 A US 3408277A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- streams
- polymer
- different
- ducts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/26—Composite fibers made of two or more materials
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process and apparatus for preparing, by melt extrusion, spontaneously crimpable filaments from thermoplastic organic polymers, and in particular from polypropylene. It will be understood that the individual filaments can be, and frequently will be, obtained in the form of a multifilament yarn.
- spontaneous crimping is meant a crimping which results from the relief of internal stress in the filaments, and is not the consequence of mechanical deformation undergone by the filaments.
- Synthetic filaments and fibers prepared by melt extrusion having a linear structure and a smooth surface which, on weaving or knitting, yield fiat articles whose appearance and handle are not always suitable for some applications in which, nevertheless, the use of synthetic fibres, which are endowed with remarkable properties in other respects, would be desirable.
- each filament may comprise two or more chemically different constituents disposed side by side and having different shrinkage properties.
- each filament may comprise two or more chemically different constituents disposed side by side and having different shrinkage properties.
- the various constituents are separately melted in separating melting devices and separately fed to the spinneret from which they are extruded side by side.
- the filaments may also be made of a single polymer, in which the heterogeneity which produces the crimping is of a physical nature.
- This type of filament can be obtained, for example, by asymmetrically cooling, downstream of the spinneret, filaments prepared by melt extrusion.
- Already formed filaments may also be rendered non-homogeneous, more especially by passing them over a heated knife-edge or by treating them with a swelling agent.
- the present invention provides a process for the preparation of spontaneously crimpable composite filaments by simultaneous extrusion through the same spinneret hole of at least two chemically identical constituents having different characteristics, i.e. a process of the last of the various types described above.
- the process consists in continuously melting a thermoplastic linear polymer, of which at least one characteristic changes at elevated temperature, dividing the melt into at least two streams, subjecting these streams to different thermal treatments, and then extruding them contiguously in the form of continuous filaments.
- This process is applicable more particularly to the preparation of composite filaments based on polypropylene, but it may also be used to prepare filaments generally from thermoplastic polymers which can be melt spun and of which at least one characteristic, such as viscosity or molecular weight, rapidly changes at elevated temperature, and notably at the temperatures currently employed in the course of the melt spinning of these polymers.
- filaments made by the process of the invention may comprise three or more constituents
- filaments having two constituents are preferred since, as the number of constituents of the filament increases, the devices necessary for dividing the molten mass into a number of streams become increasingly cumbersome, and it is found more and more difficult to control the thermal treatments applied to these various streams.
- melt will usually be divided into equal streams, but it might be divided into a larger number of streams, in which case the filaments will not consist of equal parts, but of strips of dissimilar cross-sections.
- the heat treatments to which the various polymer streams are subjected may differ in various ways.
- heat treatments of different durations but at the same temperature may be applied, eg the path traversed by one of the polymer streams may be longer than that traversed by the other before they join at the spinneret; or the heat treatments may be of identical duration, but at different temperatures; or finally thermal treatments of different duration and different temperature may be applied.
- the process of the invention may be carried out in a spinning apparatus comprising essentially a continuously operating melting device provided with means for the supply of polymer, and with means for expelling molten polymer, at least two ducts communicating at one end with the outlet end of the melting device and at the other with a supply chamber of a spinneret, and adapted to cause polymer melt passing therethrough at the same rates of flow to be given different thermal treatments, a compartmented supply chamber, of which each compartment is connected to the outlet of a particular heating duct and communicates separately with the orifice or with some or all of the orifices of the spinneret.
- the several ducts may, for example have different lengths or be provided with separately controllable heating means so that they can be heated to different temperatures or both.
- each duct includes a metering pump near or at its input end.
- FIG. 1 One form of apparatus according to the invention is diagrammatically illustrated :by way of example in the accompanying drawing, in which the figure is a vertical cross-section of a spinning device.
- the spinning device comprises a cylindrical melting chamber 2 which can be supplied with polymer through a hopper 1 and heated by means of elements 3.
- This chamber is provided with a central screw 4 driven by a motor (not shown), which conveys the polymer through the interior of the chamber.
- the chamber 2 communicates with two ducts 5 and 6 through two pumps 7 and 7
- the two ducts are heated by elements 8 and 8' and are of different lengths.
- Each leads into one of the cells 9 of a filtration unit, and each cell communicates through a channel 13 with one compartment 10 of the supply chamber of a spinneret 11.
- the filaments obtained by the spinning process of the invention may be crimped in various ways.
- the crimp may be generated spontaneously immediately after a hot stretching operation carried out under the usual conditions for the type of filaments involved, or it may arise in the course of a subsequent heat treatment, such as steaming or treatment in boiling water, without applied tension.
- the crimp obtained is of the helical typpe, and its intensity is a function of the difierence of the shrinkage properties of the constituents of the filaments, this difference being in turn dependent on the difference between the heat treatments undergone by the various polymer streams.
- the crimped filaments thus obtained have high bulk under low tension and high elasticity.
- the crimp disappears under sufiiciently high tension, but returns spontaneously when the tension is removed.
- subsequent application of high tension to the filaments for example in the course of winding after stretching, does not substantially influence the crimp inherently present in the filaments.
- the conditions of the process are so adjusted that the filaments obtained have a degree of crimp above 150.
- degree of crimp is meant the ratio L-Lo L )XlOO Example 1
- An apparatus of the type illustrated in the drawing is supplied with polypropylene having a viscosity index in the molten state of 0.6.
- This polymer is melted in the chamber 2 and reaches .at its outlet end 12 a temperature of 285 C. It then divides into two streams, which are taken up by the pumps 7, 7', and enter the ducts and 6, which are maintained at a temperature of 310 C.
- the length of 4 the duct 6 is three times the length of the duct 5 having a capacity of 13 cc.
- the two streams of polymer are extruded through the spinneret 11 to give twelve composite filaments which are wound up at 600 metres per minute.
- a 273 denier yarn is obtained and is stretched at a rate of 200 metres per minute by a factor of 5, over a pin at C. and a plate at C. to give a yarn having a tenacity of 5.38 g. per denier and an elongation of 31.4%.
- the yarn as obtained on the bobbin possesses a smooth appearance, but if it is unwound under low tension it acquires a very high bulk owing to the spontaneous crimping of the composite filaments. After treatment in boiling water for 10 minutes, this yarn has a degree of crimp of 359.
- Example 2 Using the same apparatus and polymer as in Example 1, a number of runs are made, in each of which the temperature maintained in the ducts 5 and 6 is varied, all other conditions remaining the same. In each run, a spinning speed of 600 metres per minute is employed, and the yarns obtained are stretched by a factor of 5 at 200 metres per minute over a pin at 90 C. and a plate at 130 C.
- the degree of crimp is measured on the crimped filaments obtained by unwinding under a low tension, and the following results are obtained:
- Example 3 This example shows that the temperature and the ratio of the durations of the heat treatments are not the only variables which may be adjusted in order to vary the degree of crimp, but that the absolute values of these durations also has an effect.
- a polypropylene having a viscosity in the molten state of 0.6 is again employed; the spinning speed is 600 metres per minute, and the drawing factor 4.
- a process for the production of spontaneously crirnpable composite filaments which comprises continuously melting in a common melting device a thermoplastic linear polymer having shrinkage properties which change at elevated temperature, dividing the resulting melt into at least two streams, subjecting each stream to a different thermal treatment at elevated temperature to give the streams different physical properties, merging said streams, and spinning the streams to form at least one composite filament.
- thermoplastic polymer is polypropylene
- Apparatus for the production of composite filaments comprising a continuously operable melting device provided with means for the supply of polymer and means for discharging molten polymer therefrom, a compartmented spinneret supply chamber having a plurality of separate compartments for spinning bicomponent filaments, means including at least two ducts to cause polymer melts passing from said melting device to said supply chamber to give the melts different thermal treatments, said ducts each communicating at one end with the discharge end of said melting device and at the other end with a respective compartment of said supply chamber, and each of said compartments having an outlet communicating with at least one spinneret orifice.
- each duct is provided with a metering pump near its input end.
- a process for the production of crimped filaments which comprises continuously melting in a common melting device a thermoplastic linear polymer having shrinkage properties which change at elevated temperature, dividing the resulting melt into at least two streams, subjecting each stream to a different thermal treatment at elevated temperature to give the streams different physical properties, merging said streams, extruding the streams to form at least one composite filament, and heating said filament to a temperature at which crimp develops spontaneously.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Actuator (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR963851A FR1393572A (fr) | 1964-02-14 | 1964-02-14 | Procédé et dispositif pour l'obtention de fils synthétiques volumineux |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3408277A true US3408277A (en) | 1968-10-29 |
Family
ID=8823211
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US431007A Expired - Lifetime US3408277A (en) | 1964-02-14 | 1965-02-08 | Process and apparatus for producing high-bulk synthetic yarns |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3408277A (xx) |
JP (1) | JPS493448B1 (xx) |
AT (1) | AT263993B (xx) |
BE (1) | BE659696A (xx) |
CH (1) | CH427134A (xx) |
DE (1) | DE1660506A1 (xx) |
DK (1) | DK112267B (xx) |
ES (1) | ES309343A1 (xx) |
FI (1) | FI43331B (xx) |
FR (1) | FR1393572A (xx) |
LU (1) | LU47978A1 (xx) |
NL (1) | NL6415124A (xx) |
NO (1) | NO119326B (xx) |
OA (1) | OA01289A (xx) |
SE (1) | SE304803B (xx) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3458616A (en) * | 1967-05-11 | 1969-07-29 | Du Pont | Dry spinning process and apparatus |
US3497585A (en) * | 1966-06-09 | 1970-02-24 | Monsanto Co | Self-crimping filament process |
US3507947A (en) * | 1967-11-06 | 1970-04-21 | Chemcell Ltd | Melt extrusion process and spinnerettes |
US3533904A (en) * | 1966-10-19 | 1970-10-13 | Hercules Inc | Composite polypropylene filaments having a high degree of crimp |
US3536802A (en) * | 1965-08-02 | 1970-10-27 | Kanebo Ltd | Method for spinning composite filaments |
US3671620A (en) * | 1968-07-27 | 1972-06-20 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Process for the manufacture of composite filaments and yarns |
US3715422A (en) * | 1969-04-10 | 1973-02-06 | Chem Ltd | Process for producing crinkled plastic ribbon |
US3726955A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1973-04-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for producing filaments and yarns of blended incompatible polymers |
US3861843A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1975-01-21 | Celanese Corp | Apparatus for forming laminar crimpable filaments |
US3904730A (en) * | 1969-01-28 | 1975-09-09 | Mitsui Petrochemical Ind | Process for the preparation of polypropylene crimped fibers |
US4182601A (en) * | 1977-08-20 | 1980-01-08 | The General Engineering Co. (Radcliffe) Limited | Extrusion apparatus |
US4187269A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1980-02-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Extrusion process for reducing melt fracture |
US4424257A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1984-01-03 | Monsanto Company | Self-crimping multi-component polyamide filament wherein the components contain differing amounts of polyolefin |
EP0170645A2 (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-02-05 | Monsanto Company | Self-texturing nylon yarn |
US4601949A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1986-07-22 | Monsanto Company | Conjugate filaments and process for producing same |
US4740339A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1988-04-26 | Monsanto Company | Process for producing conjugate filaments |
US4842503A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1989-06-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Spinning pack design |
WO1998009008A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single extruder multiportion fiber |
WO2023242677A1 (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-12-21 | Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation | Melt spun bicomponent filament and method for manufacturing a melt spun bicomponent filament |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2513251C3 (de) * | 1975-03-26 | 1978-09-07 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von bifilaren Acrylfasern |
JPS51136272A (en) * | 1975-05-21 | 1976-11-25 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Frequency synthesizer |
JPS57115748U (xx) * | 1981-01-08 | 1982-07-17 | ||
JPS5956102U (ja) * | 1982-10-06 | 1984-04-12 | オ−ツタイヤ株式会社 | 農用車輪 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1342403A (fr) * | 1961-11-24 | 1963-11-08 | Schweizerische Viscose | Procédé de fabrication de fils de polyoléfines contenant des filaments composites |
US3200440A (en) * | 1963-11-04 | 1965-08-17 | Du Pont | Apparatus for producing composite textile filaments from a plurality of synthetic polymers |
-
1964
- 1964-02-14 FR FR963851A patent/FR1393572A/fr not_active Expired
- 1964-12-28 NL NL6415124A patent/NL6415124A/xx unknown
- 1964-12-31 OA OA51688A patent/OA01289A/xx unknown
-
1965
- 1965-02-08 US US431007A patent/US3408277A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1965-02-10 DK DK68065AA patent/DK112267B/da unknown
- 1965-02-12 CH CH190265A patent/CH427134A/fr unknown
- 1965-02-12 AT AT128965A patent/AT263993B/de active
- 1965-02-12 SE SE1854/65A patent/SE304803B/xx unknown
- 1965-02-12 LU LU47978A patent/LU47978A1/xx unknown
- 1965-02-12 BE BE659696A patent/BE659696A/xx unknown
- 1965-02-12 DE DE19651660506 patent/DE1660506A1/de active Pending
- 1965-02-12 NO NO156758A patent/NO119326B/no unknown
- 1965-02-13 FI FI0351/65A patent/FI43331B/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1965-02-13 ES ES0309343A patent/ES309343A1/es not_active Expired
-
1969
- 1969-10-16 JP JP44082298A patent/JPS493448B1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1342403A (fr) * | 1961-11-24 | 1963-11-08 | Schweizerische Viscose | Procédé de fabrication de fils de polyoléfines contenant des filaments composites |
GB979083A (en) * | 1961-11-24 | 1965-01-01 | Schweizerische Viscose | Process for the manufacture of spontaneously crimping polyolefine filaments |
US3200440A (en) * | 1963-11-04 | 1965-08-17 | Du Pont | Apparatus for producing composite textile filaments from a plurality of synthetic polymers |
Cited By (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3536802A (en) * | 1965-08-02 | 1970-10-27 | Kanebo Ltd | Method for spinning composite filaments |
US3659989A (en) * | 1965-08-02 | 1972-05-02 | Kanegafuchi Spinning Co Ltd | Apparatus for improving spinnability and property of composite filament |
US3861843A (en) * | 1966-02-07 | 1975-01-21 | Celanese Corp | Apparatus for forming laminar crimpable filaments |
US3497585A (en) * | 1966-06-09 | 1970-02-24 | Monsanto Co | Self-crimping filament process |
US3533904A (en) * | 1966-10-19 | 1970-10-13 | Hercules Inc | Composite polypropylene filaments having a high degree of crimp |
US3458616A (en) * | 1967-05-11 | 1969-07-29 | Du Pont | Dry spinning process and apparatus |
US3507947A (en) * | 1967-11-06 | 1970-04-21 | Chemcell Ltd | Melt extrusion process and spinnerettes |
US3671620A (en) * | 1968-07-27 | 1972-06-20 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Process for the manufacture of composite filaments and yarns |
US3904730A (en) * | 1969-01-28 | 1975-09-09 | Mitsui Petrochemical Ind | Process for the preparation of polypropylene crimped fibers |
US3715422A (en) * | 1969-04-10 | 1973-02-06 | Chem Ltd | Process for producing crinkled plastic ribbon |
US3726955A (en) * | 1971-01-11 | 1973-04-10 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for producing filaments and yarns of blended incompatible polymers |
US4187269A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1980-02-05 | The Dow Chemical Company | Extrusion process for reducing melt fracture |
US4182601A (en) * | 1977-08-20 | 1980-01-08 | The General Engineering Co. (Radcliffe) Limited | Extrusion apparatus |
US4424257A (en) | 1981-11-12 | 1984-01-03 | Monsanto Company | Self-crimping multi-component polyamide filament wherein the components contain differing amounts of polyolefin |
US4601949A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1986-07-22 | Monsanto Company | Conjugate filaments and process for producing same |
US4740339A (en) * | 1983-04-11 | 1988-04-26 | Monsanto Company | Process for producing conjugate filaments |
EP0170645A2 (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-02-05 | Monsanto Company | Self-texturing nylon yarn |
US4619803A (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1986-10-28 | Monsanto Company | Self-texturing nylon yarn spinning process |
EP0170645A3 (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1988-08-17 | Monsanto Company | Self-texturing nylon yarn |
US4842503A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1989-06-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Spinning pack design |
WO1998009008A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single extruder multiportion fiber |
US5762734A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-06-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Process of making fibers |
WO2023242677A1 (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-12-21 | Aladdin Manufacturing Corporation | Melt spun bicomponent filament and method for manufacturing a melt spun bicomponent filament |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6415124A (xx) | 1965-08-16 |
NO119326B (xx) | 1970-05-04 |
DK112267B (da) | 1968-11-25 |
BE659696A (xx) | 1965-08-12 |
AT263993B (de) | 1968-08-12 |
FR1393572A (fr) | 1965-03-26 |
JPS493448B1 (xx) | 1974-01-26 |
SE304803B (xx) | 1968-10-07 |
DE1660506A1 (de) | 1970-07-16 |
OA01289A (fr) | 1969-02-15 |
FI43331B (xx) | 1970-11-30 |
ES309343A1 (es) | 1965-10-16 |
LU47978A1 (xx) | 1965-04-12 |
CH427134A (fr) | 1966-12-31 |
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