US3407794A - Glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines, especially for starting of diesel engines - Google Patents

Glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines, especially for starting of diesel engines Download PDF

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US3407794A
US3407794A US586184A US58618466A US3407794A US 3407794 A US3407794 A US 3407794A US 586184 A US586184 A US 586184A US 58618466 A US58618466 A US 58618466A US 3407794 A US3407794 A US 3407794A
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glow plug
fuel
internal combustion
starting
arrangement
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US586184A
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Nagai Minoru
Yato Makoto
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Denso Corp
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NipponDenso Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F02N19/06—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines by heating of combustion-air by flame generating means, e.g. flame glow-plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • a glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines in which a stream of fuel is guided through an annular gap about the rear portion of a heated glow plug having an outer metal shell and a wire helix embedded in insulating material in the shell so that when the glow plug is energized the fuel will be heated and completely evaporated in the annular gap without coming in contact with the wire helix and the fuel air mixture forming in the region of the front end of the glow plug be ignited by the latter.
  • the present invention relates to a glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines, especially for starting of diesel engines in which a glow plug, having an outer shell and a wire helix insulated embedded therein with one end of the wire connected to the shell and the other end connected to a source of electrical current, projects into the suction conduit of the internal combustron engine.
  • Arrangements of this type are known which serve to facilitate starting of diesel engines, especially during the cold season, in which the fuel is heated and evaporated before it comes in contact with the glow plug and in which the fuel after being mixed with air in the suction conduit of the internal combustion engine is ignited by the heated glow plug.
  • Other arrangements are known in which the fuel is atomized by an injection nozzle, mixed with air in the suction conduit and ignited by an electrical spark.
  • Arrangements are also known in which the fuel is intermittently evaporated and ignited by means of a glow plug having an outer electrically heated wire helix.
  • the glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines mainly comprises a glow plug, wall means forming an annular gap about part of said glow plug and supporting the latter with a front portion of the glow plug projecting beyond the wall means, passage means communicating 3,407,794 Patented Oct. 29, 1968 in the region of a rear end of the annular gap with the latter for feeding liquid fuel into the annular gap, and means for connecting the rear end of the glow plug to a source of electrical energy for heating the glow plug, whereby fuel fed into the gap will be heated and evaporated therein and the fuel-air mixture forming in the region of the front end of the glow plug be ignited by the latter.
  • the aforementioned annular gap is in part formed by a front portion of a stepped bore in a housing in which a rear portion of the glow plug is located and in part formed by a heat resistant metal tube surrounding the portion of the glow plug projecting from the housing and radially spaced from the outer surface of the glow plug.
  • the front end of the glow plug preferably projects beyond the front end of the aforementioned metal tube.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cross sectional view of the glow plug arrangement according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial cross sectional view of the front portion of the glow plug and the metal tube surrounding the same.
  • the glow plug arrangement comprises a metal housing 1 formed with a stepped bore 1 extending in longitudinal direction therethrough in which a glow plug 3 is located, the enlarged rear end of which is pressed by means of a screw nipple 2 against the corresponding shoulder of the stepped bore 1.
  • a passage 12 communicates with the annular gap 11 in the region of the rear end of the latter, which passage serves to feed liquid fuel from a source of liquid fuel, not shown in the drawing, into the annular gap 11.
  • the annular gap 11 is extended beyond the housing 1 by a tube 4 of heat resistant metal which projects from the front face, that is the right face, as viewed in FIG. 1, of the housing 1 substantially coaxially with the glow plug 3.
  • the tube 4 has preferably at its left end, as viewed in FIG.
  • a flange 4 formed with a central cylindrical cavity into which a corresponding cylindrical projection of the housing projects so that the tube 4 is properly centered with regard to the bore 1 in the housing and properly held on the latter.
  • the inner diameter of the tube 4 is substantially equal to the diameter of the enlarged portion of the stepped bore 1', and the front portion of the glow plug 3 preferably projects beyond the free end of the metal tube 4.
  • the metal tube 4 and the front end of the glow plug 3 are surrounded by a shielding tube 10 which is formed in the wall thereof with a plurality of openings 10' permitting passage of air in the suction conduit of the diesel engine into the interior of the shielding tube.
  • the glow plug 3 includes an outer metal shell 7 and a wire helix 6 located in the outer shell 7 embedded in insulating material 5, for instance ceramic powder.
  • the front end of the wire helix 6 is welded to the front end, that is the right end as viewed in FIG. 2, of the outer shell 7, whereas the rear end of the helix 6, not shown in FIG. 2, is connected to a terminal electrode 8 extending through the screw nipple 2 insulateidtherefrom by-awing-943i.insulatingmaterial..
  • the electrode 8 is connected in a known manner, not shown in the drawing, to a-source of electrical energy so that current may flow from the electrodes throughthe wire helix 6 the. outer shell 7 of the, plug .3 which through the-housing l is connected to ground. Y.
  • Thethusformed flame is sucked together with the air heated thereby during actuation" of the starting motor into the cylinders of the diesel engine.
  • a glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines comprising, in combination, a glow plug comprising an outer metal shell and a wire helix located in said shell and being embedded in insulating material,
  • said wire helix having a front end connected to saidshell and a rear end; wall means forming an annular gap about part of said outer shell of said glow plug and supporting the latter with a front portion of said glow plug projecting beyond .sai-d .wall means; passage. means communicating with "saidannular gap in thejregion of the rear end of the latter for v"feeding liquid fuel in said annular gap;,and means forconnecting said rear .end of said wire helix to a source of electric energyfor heating said glow plug, whereby fuel fed into said gap will flowin an.
  • said wall means include further a tube of heatresistant metal projecting from said housing substantially coaxial with said glow plug and surrounding at least part of the front portion thereof radially spaced therefrom.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

1968 MINORUNAGAI ETAL 3,
GLOW PLUG ARRANGEMENT FOR lNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, ESPECIALLY FOR STARTING OF DIESEL ENGINES Filed Oct. 12, 1966 z I I v A .I I
United States Patent 3,407,794 GLOW PLUG ARRANGEMENT FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES, ESPECIALLY FOR STARTING OF DIESEL ENGINES Minoru Nagai, Kariya-shi, and Makoto Yato, Toyoda-shi, Japan, assignors to Nippon Denso Company Ltd., Kariya-shi, Japan Filed Oct. 12, 1966, Ser. No. 586,184 Claims priority, application Japan, Oct. 21, 1965, 40/ 64,658 7 Claims. (Cl. 123-145) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines in which a stream of fuel is guided through an annular gap about the rear portion of a heated glow plug having an outer metal shell and a wire helix embedded in insulating material in the shell so that when the glow plug is energized the fuel will be heated and completely evaporated in the annular gap without coming in contact with the wire helix and the fuel air mixture forming in the region of the front end of the glow plug be ignited by the latter.
The present invention relates to a glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines, especially for starting of diesel engines in which a glow plug, having an outer shell and a wire helix insulated embedded therein with one end of the wire connected to the shell and the other end connected to a source of electrical current, projects into the suction conduit of the internal combustron engine.
Arrangements of this type are known which serve to facilitate starting of diesel engines, especially during the cold season, in which the fuel is heated and evaporated before it comes in contact with the glow plug and in which the fuel after being mixed with air in the suction conduit of the internal combustion engine is ignited by the heated glow plug. Other arrangements are known in which the fuel is atomized by an injection nozzle, mixed with air in the suction conduit and ignited by an electrical spark. Arrangements are also known in which the fuel is intermittently evaporated and ignited by means of a glow plug having an outer electrically heated wire helix.
All of these aforementioned arrangements known in the art have certain disadvantages. This first mentioned arrangement requires additional complicated devices for heating and evaporating the fuel before it comes into contact with the glow plug, and the injection nozzles used in the second mentioned arrangement for atomizing the fuel are frequently clogged by soot and other residues. Likewise the intermittent evaporation and ignition of the fuel by glow plugs with exposed wire helix does not provide for a satisfactory arrangement, since a complete evaporation of the fuel cannot be obtained therewith so that a reduced efficiency will result therefrom.
It is an object of the present invention to provide for a glow plug arrangement in which the above mentioned disadvantages are avoided.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide for a glow plug arrangement of simple construction by means of which the fuel is first heated, then completely evaporated and by means of which the fuel air mixture is finally ignited.
With these objects in view, the glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, mainly comprises a glow plug, wall means forming an annular gap about part of said glow plug and supporting the latter with a front portion of the glow plug projecting beyond the wall means, passage means communicating 3,407,794 Patented Oct. 29, 1968 in the region of a rear end of the annular gap with the latter for feeding liquid fuel into the annular gap, and means for connecting the rear end of the glow plug to a source of electrical energy for heating the glow plug, whereby fuel fed into the gap will be heated and evaporated therein and the fuel-air mixture forming in the region of the front end of the glow plug be ignited by the latter. In a preferred arrangment, the aforementioned annular gap is in part formed by a front portion of a stepped bore in a housing in which a rear portion of the glow plug is located and in part formed by a heat resistant metal tube surrounding the portion of the glow plug projecting from the housing and radially spaced from the outer surface of the glow plug. The front end of the glow plug preferably projects beyond the front end of the aforementioned metal tube.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partial cross sectional view of the glow plug arrangement according to the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a partial cross sectional view of the front portion of the glow plug and the metal tube surrounding the same.
Referring now to the drawing, and more specifically to FIG. 1, it will be seen that the glow plug arrangement according to the present invention comprises a metal housing 1 formed with a stepped bore 1 extending in longitudinal direction therethrough in which a glow plug 3 is located, the enlarged rear end of which is pressed by means of a screw nipple 2 against the corresponding shoulder of the stepped bore 1. The front portion of the bore 1, that is the right portion thereof, as viewed in FIG. 1, has a diameter slightly larger than that of the outer diameter of the glow plug 3 so as to form an annular gap 11 about the glow plug, A passage 12 communicates with the annular gap 11 in the region of the rear end of the latter, which passage serves to feed liquid fuel from a source of liquid fuel, not shown in the drawing, into the annular gap 11. The annular gap 11 is extended beyond the housing 1 by a tube 4 of heat resistant metal which projects from the front face, that is the right face, as viewed in FIG. 1, of the housing 1 substantially coaxially with the glow plug 3. The tube 4 has preferably at its left end, as viewed in FIG. 1, a flange 4 formed with a central cylindrical cavity into which a corresponding cylindrical projection of the housing projects so that the tube 4 is properly centered with regard to the bore 1 in the housing and properly held on the latter. The inner diameter of the tube 4 is substantially equal to the diameter of the enlarged portion of the stepped bore 1', and the front portion of the glow plug 3 preferably projects beyond the free end of the metal tube 4. The metal tube 4 and the front end of the glow plug 3 are surrounded by a shielding tube 10 which is formed in the wall thereof with a plurality of openings 10' permitting passage of air in the suction conduit of the diesel engine into the interior of the shielding tube.
As best shown in FIG. 2, the glow plug 3 includes an outer metal shell 7 and a wire helix 6 located in the outer shell 7 embedded in insulating material 5, for instance ceramic powder. The front end of the wire helix 6 is welded to the front end, that is the right end as viewed in FIG. 2, of the outer shell 7, whereas the rear end of the helix 6, not shown in FIG. 2, is connected to a terminal electrode 8 extending through the screw nipple 2 insulateidtherefrom by-awing-943i.insulatingmaterial..
The electrode 8 is connected in a known manner, not shown in the drawing, to a-source of electrical energy so that current may flow from the electrodes throughthe wire helix 6 the. outer shell 7 of the, plug .3 which through the-housing l is connected to ground. Y.
;The above-described arrangement will operate as follows. If electrical current is supplied tothe electrode-'8, the current flowing through the wire helix 6', will heat the outer shell 7 of the glow plug .to red heat. If liquid fuel is now sent. through the passage '12 into .the annular gap 11, then the fuel passing through the annular gap will be heatedtherein and in the region of the metal tube 4 be evaporated. The evaporated fuel discharging at -the free end of the metal tube.4 is mixed with-air passing through the openings 10 of the shielding tube 10 and the thus form'ed mixture will be ignited at the glowing end of the glow plug projecting beyond the free end of the metal tube 4. Thethusformed flame is sucked together with the air heated thereby during actuation" of the starting motor into the cylinders of the diesel engine. The fuel injected during the compression stroke, shortly before the compression point into the cylinders of the diesel engine forms then with the air heated by the flame a hot gasmixture which ignites itself and thus facilitates starting of the diesel engine.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of glow plug arrangements for internal combustion engines differing from the types described above. 7
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a glow plug arrangement for facilitating start of a diesel engine, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may 'be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can by applying current knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to-be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
l. A glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines comprising, in combination, a glow plug comprising an outer metal shell and a wire helix located in said shell and being embedded in insulating material,
said wire helix having a front end connected to saidshell and a rear end; wall means forming an annular gap about part of said outer shell of said glow plug and supporting the latter with a front portion of said glow plug projecting beyond .sai-d .wall means; passage. means communicating with "saidannular gap in thejregion of the rear end of the latter for v"feeding liquid fuel in said annular gap;,and means forconnecting said rear .end of said wire helix to a source of electric energyfor heating said glow plug, whereby fuel fed into said gap will flowin an. annular stream about the heated shell of the glow plugto be thus 'heated" and completely evaporated without coming in contact with said wire helixand so that the air fuel mixture forming in the regionof -the'front end of the glow plug will be ignited by the latter. v
2. A glow plug arrangement as defined in claim 1, wherein said wall meanscomprises a housing formed with a stepped b re therethrough,inwhichpart of said glow plug is .located projectingwith a front portion thereof beyond said housing, said stepped bore having a rear p'o'rtionof a diameter substantially equal to that of said glow plug and a front portion of a larger diameter so as to' form at least part of said annular gap between the large diameter surface of said bore and the outer surface of S s o p v e 3 A glow plug arrangement as defined in claim 2, wherein said wall means include further a tube of heatresistant metal projecting from said housing substantially coaxial with said glow plug and surrounding at least part of the front portion thereof radially spaced therefrom.
4; A glow plug arrangement asdefined in claim 3, wherein the inner diameter of said tube is substantially equal to said large diameter of said stepped bore.
5. A glow plug arrangement as defined in claim 3, wherein said glow plug projects beyond said metal tube.
6. A glow plug arrangement as defined in claimS, .and including a shielding tube surrounding said metal tube and said front portion of the glow plug, said shielding tube being formed in the wall thereof with openings therethrough permitting passage of combustion air through said openings into the interior of said shielding tube.
7. A glow plug arrangement as defined in claim 6, wherein said shielding tub'e extends slightly beyond the front end of said glow tube.
References Cited UNITED STATES lPATENTS 3,164,748 1/1965 Testerini 31798 3,353,520 1.1/ 1967 ,Haag.
LAURENCE M. GOODR'IDGE, Primary Examiner.
US586184A 1965-10-21 1966-10-12 Glow plug arrangement for internal combustion engines, especially for starting of diesel engines Expired - Lifetime US3407794A (en)

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3529914A (en) * 1967-09-07 1970-09-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug
US3566850A (en) * 1967-10-18 1971-03-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug construction
US4211204A (en) * 1977-10-15 1980-07-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glow plug arrangement
FR2497924A1 (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-07-16 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A INCANDESCENT CANDLE FOR FUEL INFLAMMATION
US4346679A (en) * 1979-02-01 1982-08-31 Lucas Industries Limited Starting aids for internal combustion engines
US4587941A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-05-13 Isuzu Motors Limited Intake burner
US20110129393A1 (en) * 2009-12-02 2011-06-02 Lecea Oscar A Electrically-Heated Contact Fuel Vaporizer for a Hydrocarbon Reformer
US20200080530A1 (en) * 2018-09-12 2020-03-12 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11255271B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-02-22 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11268447B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-03-08 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11268486B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-03-08 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11286861B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-03-29 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11391213B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-07-19 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11391212B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-07-19 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11401867B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-08-02 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11408351B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-08-09 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11415060B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-08-16 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11454173B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-09-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55125363A (en) * 1979-03-20 1980-09-27 Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc Self-heating ignitor
DE2935424A1 (en) * 1979-09-01 1981-03-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart GLOW PLUG FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
GB2131539B (en) * 1982-12-02 1986-04-16 Lucas Ind Plc Electric starting aids for internal combustion engines

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164748A (en) * 1960-06-28 1965-01-05 Magneti Marelli Spa Glow plugs
US3353520A (en) * 1964-09-11 1967-11-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Arrangement for heating the cylinders of diesel engines

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB995191A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-06-16 Cav Ltd A device for aiding the starting of internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3164748A (en) * 1960-06-28 1965-01-05 Magneti Marelli Spa Glow plugs
US3353520A (en) * 1964-09-11 1967-11-21 Bosch Gmbh Robert Arrangement for heating the cylinders of diesel engines

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3529914A (en) * 1967-09-07 1970-09-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug
US3566850A (en) * 1967-10-18 1971-03-02 Bosch Gmbh Robert Glow plug construction
US4211204A (en) * 1977-10-15 1980-07-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glow plug arrangement
US4346679A (en) * 1979-02-01 1982-08-31 Lucas Industries Limited Starting aids for internal combustion engines
FR2497924A1 (en) * 1980-10-30 1982-07-16 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A INCANDESCENT CANDLE FOR FUEL INFLAMMATION
US4459948A (en) * 1980-10-30 1984-07-17 Beru-Werk Albert Ruprecht Gmbh & Co., K.G. Glow plug for internal combustion engines
US4587941A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-05-13 Isuzu Motors Limited Intake burner
US20110129393A1 (en) * 2009-12-02 2011-06-02 Lecea Oscar A Electrically-Heated Contact Fuel Vaporizer for a Hydrocarbon Reformer
US11255271B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-02-22 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11391212B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-07-19 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US20200080530A1 (en) * 2018-09-12 2020-03-12 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11268447B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-03-08 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11268486B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-03-08 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11286861B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-03-29 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11391213B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-07-19 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US10865761B2 (en) * 2018-09-12 2020-12-15 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11401867B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-08-02 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11408351B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-08-09 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11415060B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-08-16 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11454173B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2022-09-27 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11614034B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2023-03-28 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine
US11692489B2 (en) 2018-09-12 2023-07-04 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Igniter for gas turbine engine

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SE304641B (en) 1968-09-30
DE1301631B (en) 1969-08-21
AT278450B (en) 1970-01-26
GB1157995A (en) 1969-07-09
BR6683855D0 (en) 1973-05-17

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