US3405618A - Photographic apparatus and processes - Google Patents

Photographic apparatus and processes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3405618A
US3405618A US509957A US50995765A US3405618A US 3405618 A US3405618 A US 3405618A US 509957 A US509957 A US 509957A US 50995765 A US50995765 A US 50995765A US 3405618 A US3405618 A US 3405618A
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United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
image
liquid
sheets
container
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Expired - Lifetime
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US509957A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edwin H Land
Vaito K Eloranta
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Polaroid Corp
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Polaroid Corp
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Publication date
Priority to DENDAT1287926D priority Critical patent/DE1287926B/de
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US509957A priority patent/US3405618A/en
Priority to GB52278/66A priority patent/GB1156464A/en
Priority to AT1085666A priority patent/AT276928B/de
Priority to BE690193D priority patent/BE690193A/xx
Priority to SE1613666A priority patent/SE329766B/xx
Priority to NL6616649A priority patent/NL6616649A/xx
Priority to CH1694366A priority patent/CH466699A/de
Priority to FR85093A priority patent/FR1502320A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3405618A publication Critical patent/US3405618A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/42—Structural details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
    • G03B17/48—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor adapted for combination with other photographic or optical apparatus
    • G03B17/50—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor adapted for combination with other photographic or optical apparatus with both developing and finishing apparatus
    • G03B17/52—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor adapted for combination with other photographic or optical apparatus with both developing and finishing apparatus of the Land type

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel photographic apparatus for and methods of exposing and processing photographic sheet material and particularly to photographic apparatus for and methods of exposing a succession of photosensitive image-recording sheets and treating each exposed sheet with a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet to produce a transfer image on the second sheet.
  • Photographic apparatus such as cameras, and photographic processes of the type with which the present invention is concerned generally involve photoexposure of an area of a photosensitive, image-recording sheet to form an image therein, superposition of the exposed area of the image-recording sheet with a second sheet and distribution of a liquid processing agent in contact with adjacent surfaces of the superposed sheets. While a number of image-forming processes may be effected in this manner, the processing liquid preferably etfectuates a diffusion-transfer process in which an imagewise distribution of diffusible image-forming substances is formed in the exposed image-recording sheet and transferred by diffusion to the second sheet to form a visible positive image on the second sheet.
  • the apparatus of the invention is specially adapted to produce color prints by a process in which a multilayer image-recording sheet is photoexposed to form a latent image, an aqueous alkaline processing liquid is permeated into the exposed imagerecording sheet to render other reagents, particularly developers, reactive to develop the latent image, immobilize diffusible image-forming dyes in exposed areas of the image-recording sheet and transfer image-forming dyes by diffusion from unexposed areas to an image-(dye) receiving layer on the second sheet to form an image in said image-receiving layer.
  • each film unit is thus an assemblage of several components including, in addition to the two sheets and container, other elements such as masks, liquid traps, connecting sheets, leaders and the like, for manipulating the two sheets and aiding in the distribution of the processing liquid.
  • An object of the invention is to provide novel and improved photographic apparatus for and methods of exposing a succession of image-recording sheets and following exposure, processing each exposed image-recording sheet to produce a transfer print by applying a non-viscous liquid processing agent to the exposed image-recording sheet to cause a predetermined quantity of the liquid to be absorbed therein, allowing processing (development) of the image-recording sheet to progress to a predetermined extent and then pressing the liquid impregnated image-recording sheet into superposition with an image-receiving sheet.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus of the type described which is simple and compact in construction, substantially automatic and reliable in operation, and exposes and manipulates two separate, individual sheets (i.e., a photosensitive image-recording sheet and an image-receiving sheet) to produce each photographic print.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a photographic method of the type described for producing photographic prints utilizing two sheets and a non-viscous liquid, capable of being performed in a relatively small compact apparatus such as a hand-held camera and facilitating variation of the processing and the charter of the print produced.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the apparatus possessing the construction, combination of elements and arrangement of parts and the process involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
  • FIGURE 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic sectional view of photographic apparatus embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view, partially in section, illustrating a component of the apparatus
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the image-recording and image-receiving sheets employed in the apparatus
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are enlarged sectional views of a portion of the apparatus illustrating two modes of operation thereof;
  • FIG. 6 is a somewhat schematic perspective view of the operating components of the apparatus
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the control and drive system of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 1, illustrating another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 8 illustrating still another embodiment of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 10 is a fragmentar sectional view showing the operation of the apparatus of FIG. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a fragmentary perspective view, partially in section, illustrating components of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 12 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the construction of a film container useful in the apparatus.
  • FIG- URE 1 The apparatus of the invention is illustrated in FIG- URE 1 as being incorporated in a camera which is substantially automatic in its operation and, although it is shown as being driven by an electric motor, can be operated manually. While such a camera is ideally suited for incorporation in a photo-identification system, or to be coin operated to automatically produce photographic prints, it should be apparent that a major portion of the camera shown in FIG. 1 comprises the drive and control means and that the basic components of the camera, that is, those which expose the photosensitive sheets and actually handle and manipulate the sheets may be operated by hand or, for example, by a battery operated drive, and incorporated in a hand-held camera, such as disclosed in the copending US. application of Edwin H. Land et al., Ser. No. 509,713 filed Nov.
  • the camera generally includes a housing having a conventional lens and shutter mechanism 10 mounted in the upper forward portion of the camera housing.
  • Means are provided in the upper rear portion of the camera housing for mounting a film pack or cassette 12, shown in detail in FIG. 2, containing a plurality of photosensitive imagerecording sheets 14 in position for exposure to light transmitted by lens and shutter mechanism 10.
  • These means include an opening in the rear of the camera housing in which the forward portion of cassette 12 is engaged, and a spring 16 provided for retaining the cassette in proper position within the opening with the foremost image-recording sheet located substantially in a plane (vertical) and disposed perpendicularly to the axis of the lens of mechanism 10.
  • Cassette 12 comprises a generally parallelepiped shaped box or container 13 open at its front in which is mounted a rectangular pressure plate 18 biased toward the front of the box by a leaf spring 20 mounted on the rear wall 22 of the box.
  • the container includes side walls and one end wall provided with inwardly projecting flanges 24 for retaining image-recording sheets 14 within the box between the fianges and pressure plate 18, and cooperating to define a rectangular opening through which light is transmitted for'exposing the first or foremost of the image-recording sheets disposed in stacked relation within the cassette.
  • the inner or rear faces of flanges 24 are disposed substantially in a plane and cooperate with pressure plate 18 to support the photosensitive image-recording sheets in a plane during exposure while the flanges on the side walls of the box cooperate to guide the imagerecording sheets in a plane during withdrawal movement of each image-recording sheet from thecassette.
  • the apparatus includes means for holding a plurality of generally rectangular second or image-receiving sheets, designated 26, in stacked relation with the sheets disposed in planes generally perpendicular to the planes of imagerecording sheets 14 and below and forwardlyof the stack of image-recording sheets.
  • the image-receiving sheets may be provided in a cassette similar to the cassette in which the image-recording sheets are supplied; or,- since they are not photosensitive, the image-receiving sheets may be held in stacked relation by means which are part of the apparatus and in the form shown, comprise a generally horizontal support plate 28 on which the stack of sheets is mounted side plates 34, a backing plate 30 on top of the stack between the side plates and extending horizontally beyond the end of the support plate and a spring 32 for urging the backing plate toward the support plate.
  • Side plates 34 function to hold the stack of imagereceiving sheets between the support and backing plates and guide the lowermost image-receiving sheet as it is withdrawn from the stack.
  • the apparatus includes means providing a processing or liquid treatment station in which the image-recording sheets are contacted with the processing liquid.
  • This liquid treatment station includes a container 36 for holding a liquid processing agent 38 and an image-recording sheet 14 immersed, except for the upper end portion thereof, in the processing liquid.
  • Container 36 may comprise a component of the apparatus or a separate, expendable element which may be discarded when its liquid contents are depleted.
  • Container 36 has a relatively narrow opening to limit as much as possible the amount of surface area of the liquid available to contact with the atmosphere, and it is provided with means for closing the container against the admission of air when the apparatus is not in use.
  • Lip 40 mounted on the upper edge of one (the rearmost) wall of the container and extending (forwardly) part way across the opening in the upper portion of the container.
  • Lip 40 is preferably formed of a resiliently deformable material, such as rubber, extends from side to side of the container and includes a sharpened end edge portion which functions as a squeegee for removing liquid from the rear surface of image-recording sheets 14 during withdrawal of the sheets from the container.
  • a cover member 42 is pivotally mounted adjacent the opposite (forward) wall of container 36 and extends toward lip 40 so as to overlap the lip in the closed position of the cover member shown in FIGURE 1.
  • Cover member 42 is also formed of a relatively rigid, resiliently deformable material such as rubber and includes a sharpened edge section 44 which overlaps lip 40 to seal the container and functions as a squeegee for removing liquid 38 from the forward surfaces of sheets 14 during withdrawal thereof from the container between lip 40 and cover member 42.
  • Cover member 42 is engaged at its ends between the end walls of the container and is pivotally mounted on a shaft 46 journaled in the end walls of the container and having a non-cylindrical end Portion extending beyond one of the end walls of the container which may be engaged (by means to be described more fully hereinafter) for pivoting cover member 42 in a counterclockwise direction (viewing FIGS. 1 and 4) to an open position to permit introduction of a sheet 14 between the cover member and lip 40 into the container.
  • Means are provided for moving the foremost imagerecording sheet 14 following exposure thereof downwardly from cassette 12 into the container and in the form shown, these means comprise a first feed roll 48 pivotally mounted forward of and adjacent the lower portion of cassette 12.
  • Feed roll 48 is shorter thanthe spacing between flanges 24 on the side walls of cassette 12 so as to extend between the flanges into the cassette into contact with the foremost image-recording sheet, and is formed with at least a surface layer of a material such as an elastomer or polymeric foam (e.g., polyurethane), having a relatively high coefficient of friction.
  • the feed roll is basically cylindrical in cross section and includes a flat surface portion 50 normally disposed in facing closely adjacent relation (without contacting) the forwardmost imagerecording sheet, as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the means for feeding the image-recording sheets downwardly into container 36 includes first and second drive rolls 52 and 54 mounted in juxtaposition with their axes disposed in a generally horizontal plane so that the nip of the rolls is located beneath and in substantial alignment with the plane of downward movement of the forwardmost image-recording sheet.
  • Rolls 52 and 54 also include at least surface layers formed of a material such as an elastomer having a high coefiicient of friction and during the processing cycle of the apparatus, are rotated continuously so as to feed an image-recording sheet 14 between rolls 52 and 54 into container 36.
  • first feed roll 48 is rotated through a single revolution to bring the cylindrical peripheral surface of the feed roll into frictional engagement with the forwardmost image-recording sheet and advance the lower edge of the sheet downwardly into the nip of the first and second drive rolls which then continue the withdrawal movement of the image-recording sheet from the cassette and move it into container 36.
  • the circumference of the cylindrical peripheral surf-ace of feed roll 48 is sufficient to advance the image-recording sheets into the bite of the drive rolls so that at the end of its single revolution, feed roll 48 is located out of contact with the forwardmost photosensitive sheet 14 and at least the leading edge of which is engaged between the first and second drive rolls.
  • Each exposed image-recording sheet is preferably processed to produce a full color transfer print by impregnating the photosensitive layer of the image-recording sheet with a liquid reagent to initiate processing which is allowed to progress to a predetermined extent and then pressing the liquid-impregnated layer of the imagerecording sheet into face-to-face contact with an imagereceiving sheet to form a sandwhich which is retained intact during a processing period of predetermined duration.
  • Image-recording sheets 14 each include a plurality of layers including a support of a conventional film base material such as cellulose acetate and a photosensitive layer comprising a multiplicity of strata containing photosentitive material adapted to be photoexposed to form a latent image, and dye developers for the photosensitive material which are rendered reactive by the imhibition of an aqueous alkaline liquid reagent into the strata containing the dye developers.
  • Typical multilayer negatives of this type are disclosed, for example, in FIG. 9 of the aforementioned US. Patent- No. 2,983,606 and,
  • the imagereceiving sheets each comprise a support preferably of a material which is inert and impermeable to aqueous alkaline liquids, an opaque layer or material and an image-receiving layer of a material receptive to the aforementioned dye developers, securely adhered to the support.
  • Aqueous alkaline processing liquids suitable for imbibition into the multilayer image-recording sheet to render the reagents, particularly the dye developers, reactive therein, as well as the composition of the receiving sheets are disclosed in detail in the aforementioned US. Patent No. 2,983,606.
  • an imagerecording sheet is immersed in liquid 38 in container 36 for a predetermined period during which the liquid is absorbed into the layers containing the photosensitive material and other reagents including the dye developers, and formation of an imagewise distribution of transferable image-forming substances (dyes) is allowed to progress to a predetermined extent, whereupon the imagerecording sheet is withdrawn from the container and immediately pressed into faoe-to-face contact with an image-receiving sheet.
  • transferable image-forming substances dye
  • the nature and character of the transfer image produced in the image-receiving sheet can be controlled by varying the length of the period of immersion of the image-recording sheet in liquid 38 and for this reason the operation of the components of the apparatus which withdraw the image-recording sheet from the liquid and press it into contact with the imagereceiving sheet are made independent of the operation of first feed roll 48 in order to facilitate varying the length of this imbibition period.
  • the means for withdrawing the image-recording sheet from the container 36 and pressing it into contact with an image-receiving sheet including second drive roll 54 and a third drive roll 56 mounted for rotation beneath the second drive roll and biased upwardly into juxtaposition with the second drive roll by suitable means such as springs 58.
  • At least the surface layer of third drive roll 56 is also formed of a resiliently deformable material such as an elastomer, having a high coefiicient of friction to facilitate and insure gripping and advancement of the sandwich comprising the two sheets between the second and third drive rolls.
  • a second feed roll 60 similar to first feed roll 48, is provided beneath the stack of image-receiving sheets adjacent the end of support plate 28 between the latter and container 36 for advancing the lowermost image-receiving sheet from the stack in a generally horizontal plane across the top of the container toward and into the nip of second and third drive rolls 54 and 56.
  • Second feed roll 60 is similar in construction and operation to the first feed roll in that it includes at least an outer layer formed of a material having a relatively high coefficient of friction, and a flat surface portion normally disposed in face-to-face spaced relation with the lowermost image-receiving sheet. Feed roll 60 is rotated through a single revolution in order to feed an imagereceiving sheet into the nip of the second and third drive rolls which are rotated continuously throughout the processing cycle of the apparatus.
  • the leading end portions of the two sheets must be moved into the nip of rolls 54 and 56 so as to be gripped and advanced by the rolls. This may be accomplished, as shown in FIG. 5, by advancing the leading end portion of the lowermost image-receiving sheet toward the nip of the second and third dr-ive rolls so that the image-receiving sheet deflects the upper end portion of the image-recording sheet, from its path of movement -until this point, into the nip of the drive rolls causing the end portions of both sheets to be engaged thereby.
  • imagerecording sheet 14 includes an end section, which projects above the container, provided with an opening 62 and each image-receiving sheet 26 is provided at its leading end with a tongue 64 having a tapered section adapted to enter and become engaged in opening 62 and shoulders 66 which engage the image-recording sheet for properly locating the sheets with respect to one another.
  • the tongue 64 of each image-receiving sheet is advanced along a path across the top of the container through opening 62 in the upper end portion of the image-recording sheet disposed in the container and into the nip of drive rolls 54 and 56 where the tongue is engaged and advanced until shoulders 66, which are unable to pass through opening 62 engage the image-recording sheet at the edges of the opening and draw the image-recording sheet into the nip of the rolls.
  • Opening 62 may be generally triangular in shape to facilitate entry of tongue 64 which is tapered for this purpose and for the purpose of properly orienting the two sheets with respect to one another. Advancement of the imagerecording sheet into and from the container are at substantially rapid rates such that the time required is small compared with the period of immersion in the liquid so that, effectively, all portions of the image recording sheets are immersed for the same time and absorb equal amounts of the liquid.
  • the housing of the apparatus includes a chamber, generally designated 68, into which the sandwich comprising the superposed image-recording and image-receiving sheets are advanced by rolls 54 and 56, and a door 70 that may be opened in order to remove the processed sandwich from chamber 68.
  • Chamber 68 and door 70 are not essential features, since the sheets comprising the sandwich are opaque to actinic light and permit the sandwich to be advanced directly into the light; but are desirable to insure exclusion of light from the apparatus and because they make possible the provision of a latch for door 70 permitting opening of the door only after a processing period of predetermined duration has elapsed.
  • the apparatus of the camera of the invention is designed to be automatic in its operation and to be powered preferably by an electric motor.
  • a suitable drive mechanism is illustrated in FIG. 6 as comprising an electric motor 72 for driving a sprocket 74 meshed with a chain 76 for transmitting motive power from the motor through a sprocket 78 coupled by a single revolution clutch 80 to first feed roll 48, a sprocket 82 coupled through a single revolution clutch 84 to second feed roll 60 and sprockets 86 and 88 coupled, respectively, with drive rolls 52 and 54.
  • An idler sprocket 90 is provided for insuring engagement of driving chain 76 with sprocket 88 and guiding the drive chain around sprocket 74.
  • Solenoids 92 and 94 are provided for operating, respectively, single revolution clutches 80 and 84, and a rotary solenoid 96 having an armature with an opening for engaging shaft 46, is provided for pivoting cover member 42 between its open and closed position.
  • motor 72 is mounted beneath support plate 28 and the control means, designated 98, is mounted beneath chamber 68, both in the lower part of the housing on opposite sides of container 36.
  • Control means 98 are illustrated in FIG. 7 in a condition prior to commencement of an exposure and processing cycle and comprise a timer motor 100 for rotating a plurality of timing cams which control switches to regulate the exposure and processing cycles of the apparatus.
  • the shutter of the camera may be operated by a solenoid 102 coupled across the power supply through a starting switch shown as a push button 104 which may be manually depressed momentarily to make an exposure and initiate an exposure and processing cycle of the apparatus.
  • Timer motor is coupled across the power supply through starter switch 104 and through a switch 106 in parallel with starter switch 104.
  • Switch 106 is open at the commencement of an exposure and processing cycle and is controlled by a cam 108 mounted on the shaft of motor 100 which closes switch 106 immediately as the timer motor starts to rotate in response to closing of starter switch 104 and keeps the timer motor energized thereafter even through starter 104 is opened.
  • the processing cycle is terminated when cam 108 allows switch 106 to reopen terminating the how of current to the timer motor.
  • the shutter may be of the type which is required to be reset following release and the control means include a solenoid 110 coupled to the power supply through a switch 112 controlled by cam 114 for setting the shutter immediately following its release during the early portion of the operation of the timer motor.
  • Drive motor 72 is connected to the power supply through a switch 116 operated by a cam 118 which energizes the drive motor immediately after the exposure is made and de-energizes the motor before the timing motor is de-energized.
  • the processing cycle is initiated by solenoid 92 which is coupled to the power supply through a switch 120 controlled by a cam 122 which closes the switch shortly after drive motor 72 commences to rotate.
  • solenoid 94 controlled through a switch 124 by a cam 126 is energized to rotate feed roll 60 and thereby move an imagereceiving sheet into engagement with an image-recording sheet in the container and advance both sheets into the nip of drive rolls 54 and 56.
  • the interval during which an image-recording sheet is permitted to remain in container 36 in the liquid therein can be very easily varied by changing the angular position of cam 126 relative to cam 122, both of which are coaxially mounted on the shaft of the timer motor.
  • Rotary solenoid 96 is controlled by a switch 128 and cam 130 which energizes the rotary solenoid to open cover member 42 prior to energization of solenoid 92 and close the cover member so as to bring it into engagement with an image-recording sheet in the container prior to energization of solenoid 94.
  • the container cover is only open for a relatively short period during each processing cycle and functions as a squeegee during withdrawal of an image-recording sheet from the container.
  • solenoid, switch and cam may be provided for controlling the operation of a latch coupled with door 70 for preventing opening of the door or otherwise giving a signal at the end of a predetermined period following advancement of the sandwich comprising the image-recording and image-receiving sheets into chamber 68.
  • a reservoir (not shown) of the processing liquid mounted above the level of the liquid within container 36 and coupled therewith by a suitable conduit and valve of a type well known in the art, for automatically maintaining the level of the liquid within the container.
  • the apparatus may be desirable and include, for example, mounting the stack of image-receiving sheets beneath rather than above feed roll 60 so that the uppermost image-receiving sheet is the one which is moved toward the nip of the second and third drive rolls.
  • the camera may include means for illuminating the printed information to be included in the photograph and optical means for forming an image of the printed information on the foremost image-recording sheet positioned for exposure within cassette 12.
  • first, second and third drive rolls and spring 58 may be mounted as a unit on a suitable chassis which may be readily removed from the apparatus and includes means for coupling rolls 52 and 54 with, respectively, sprockets 86 and 88.
  • the operation of the apparatus is quite simple requiring only that the operator properly aim the camera at the subject to be photographed and momentarily close starter switch 104.
  • starter switch As the starter switch is closed an exposure is made and timer motor 100 commences to operate, rotating cams, 108, 114, 118, 122, 126 and 130.
  • switch 106 closes to continue the operation of the timer motor and switch 116 closes to energize the drive motor and rotate drive rolls 52, 54 and 56.
  • switch 128 closes energizing the rotary solenoid to open the container closure and then switch 120 closes energizing solenoid 92 engaging single revolution clutch 80 causing rotation of feed roll 48 which feeds the exposed image-recording sheet into the nip of drive rolls 52 and 54 which feed the imagerecording sheet into container 36.
  • Switch 128 then opens and at the end of a predetermined interval after closing of switch 120, switch 124 is closed energizing solenoid 94 to drive feed roll 60 and advance an image-receiving sheet into engagement with the image-recording sheet projecting from container 36 and advance both sheets into the nip of second and third drive rolls 54 and 56 which press the two sheets into superposition to form a sandwich and advance the sandwich into chamber 68.
  • switches 116 and 106 open in order to de-energize the drive and timing motors and leave the apparatus in readiness for another exposure and processing cycle.
  • solenoid 110 is actuated to reset the shutter.
  • FIG. 8 of the drawings Another form of camera embodying the invention is illustrated in FIG. 8 of the drawings as comprising many of the same basic components as the apparatus shown in FIGURE 1, including a lens and shutter mechanism 10, film pack or cassette 12 for holding a plurality of imagerecording sheets 14, a first feed roll 48 for advancing sheets 14 downwardly from exposure position, and a housing generally designated 134, for mounting and enclosing the components of the apparatus.
  • Image-receiving sheets 26 are mounted in stacked relation beneath and to the side (rear) of the image-recording sheets with the surfaces of the image-receiving sheets adapted to be superposed with the image-recording sheets facing downwardly away from the stack of image-recording sheets.
  • the imagereceiving sheets are shown as mounted in a container or box 136 including a spring 138 and pressure plate 140 for supporting the image-receiving sheets against a second feed roll 60, which may be rotated for advancing the 'uppermost image-receiving sheet (to the left viewing FIG.
  • the image-recording sheets are advanced in a single direction along a U-shaped path into, through and from the processing liquid at a substantially constant predetermined rate such that every portion of each sheet remains in the liquid for substantially the same length of time and, accordingly, absorbs the same amount of liquid, and formation of image-forming substances in each portion advances to the same predetermined extent prior to superposition of the imagerecording sheet with an image-receiving sheet.
  • the processing liquid designated 142, is provided in an open container 144 having guide tracks 146 for guiding each sheet along a U-shaped path downwardly adjacent one side of the container across the bottom thereof and upwardly adjacent the opposite side of the container.
  • the container is provided with a closure 148 preferably formed of a resilient, flexible material, for example, an elastomer or a polymer such as polyethylene and polypropylene; and is formed with a pair of V-shaped passages 150 and 152 through which the image-recording sheets are, respectively, introduced and withdrawn.
  • the sides of each of passages 150 and 152 converge to a slit that is normally closed and function to guide the image-recording sheets between the sides of the normally closed slits.
  • Passage 150 constitutes an entrance or ingress passage with the sides thereof converging inwardly and passage 152 constitutes an exit or egress passage with the sides thereof converging outwardly.
  • the sides of passage 152 also function as a squeegee for engaging and removing liquid from the surfaces of a sheet as the sheet is withdrawn from the container through passage 152.
  • the apparatus includes a pair of juxtaposed feed rolls 154 and 156 mounted above container 144 between passage 150 and first feed roll 48 in position to engage the leading edge portion of a sheet 14 advanced downwardly from container 12 by feed roll 48 following exposure of the image-recording sheet.
  • Feed rolls 154 and 156 are preferably rotated continuously during a processing cycle of the apparatus at a speed calculated to advance a sheet 14 into and through the container at the desired predetermined rate.
  • the rotational axes of feed rolls 154 and 156 are positioned so as to feed a sheet 14 into and between the convergent sides of passage 150 whereupon the sheet is guided along a U-shaped path through the processing liquid by guide tracks 146 which engage the surface of sheet 14 opposite the photosensitive layer thereon.
  • a pair of juxtaposed pressure rolls 158 and 160 are provided above container 144 to one side of passage 152 and the length of the path of movement of each sheet 14 from feed rolls 154 and 156 through container 144 is so related to the length of the image-recording sheet that the latter is moved from engagement with the feed rolls when the leading end portion of the sheet has been advanced from the container through opening 152 to a position (shown in broken lines) adjacent and to one side of pressure rolls 158 and 160 with the leading edge of sheet 14 extending past the nip of the pressure rolls.
  • sheet 14 reaches this position, movement thereof is discontinued since the motive force for the sheet is applied by drive rolls 154 and 156 which, at this point, no longer engage the sheet.
  • feed roll 60 is rotated to advance an image-receiving sheet 26 from container 136 across the path of downward movement of sheet 14 toward the nip of pressure rolls 158 and 160.
  • Rotation of roll 60 is preferably timed so that the leading edge of sheet 26 engages the leading end portion of sheet 14 :at approximately the same instant movement of sheet 14 is discontinued.
  • the circumference of the cylindrical, peripheral portion of feed roll 60 is at least equal to the distance between the leading edge of sheet 26 positioned in container 136 and the nip of pressure rolls 158 and 160 so that sheet 26 deflects sheet 14 from its path of movement into the nip of the pressure rolls immediately as movement of sheet 14 by feed rolls 154 and 156 is discontinued.
  • Pressure rolls 158 and 160 are rotated continuously during and after at least the terminal portion of movement of sheet 14 through and from the container, so that movement of sheet 14 is recommenced by pressure rolls 158 and 160 immediately as movement of the sheet by feed rolls 154 and 156 is discontinued. Pressure rolls 158 and 160 are constructed and operated at a speed calculated to withdraw sheet 14 from container 144 at the same rate the sheet is fed into the container by feed rolls 154 and 156 so that movement of sheet 14 into, through and from the container is effected at a substantially constant predetermined speed and is substantially continuous and without interruption.
  • the direction in which the sheet faces is reversed and the sheet is superposed with the side of a second sheet initially facing away from the photosensitive sheet.
  • the imagereceiving sheets are advanced from container 136 along a path toward the pressure rolls converging at an angle of at least 90 with respect to the path of movement of the image-recording sheets from the container of processing liquid. It may be desirable to vary the initial positions of the image-receiving sheets and the container 136 in which they are held, from the position shown, for example, by including the container with the leading ends of the sheets disposed lower than the trailing ends of the sheets.
  • the duration of the period during which each portion of the image-recording sheet is immersed in the processing liquid can be varied by changing the rates of rotation of feed rolls 154 and 156 and pressure rolls 158 and 160, and the interval between actuation of feed roll 48 to advance an image-recording sheet into the nip of feed rolls 154 and 156 and the actuation of feed roll 60 to advance an image-receiving sheet into engagement with photosensitive sheet 14 and pressure rolls 158 and 160.
  • By varying the relationship between the speeds of feed rolls 154 and 156 and the time of actuation of feed roll 60 it is possible to alter the positions of the sheets relative to one another during movement of the sheets in superposition between pressure rolls 158 and 160.
  • the relative positions of the sheets also may be varied by changing the length of the path of movement of sheet 14 and/ or the position of pressure rolls 158 and 160 relative thereto.
  • the embodiment of the camera shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is constructed to provide for exposure of a much greater area of the image-recording sheets and can be generally smaller and more compact than the embodiments described heretofore.
  • This camera is designed to employ afilm assemblage including container 12 of substantially the same construction as previously described, but containing both the image-recording sheets 14 and image-receiving sheets 26 arranged in stacked relation in alternating order.
  • the image-recording and image-receiving sheets are fed from container 12 alternately by a single, generally cylindrical, feed roll 162 located out of (beneath) the path of light from the lens of assembly 12 in order to provide for exposure of the maximum possible area of the image-recording sheets, that is, substantially the entire area of each image-recording sheet.
  • Container 12 is mounted for movement between a first or exposure position shown in FIG. 9, at which feed roll 162 is located out of the path of light between the lens and the lower (leading) edge portion of the forwardmost image-recording sheet so that the feed roll does not interpose its bulk and prevent exposure of the end portion; and a second or feeding position, shown in FIG.
  • feed roll 162 is mounted for movement toward and away from the container between an inoperative position, shown in FIG. 9, at which the roll is spaced from engagement with the container to permit movement of the container and an operative position, shown in FIG. 10, at which the feed roll extends into the container into engagement with the lower end portion of the forwardmost sheet.
  • container 12 is displaced upwardly to exposure position, the forwardmost image-recording sheet 14 is exposed, the container is displaced downwardly, and roll 162 is moved into engagement with the exposed imagerecording sheet to feed the leading end portion of the image-recording sheet downwardly into the nip of rolls 154 and 156.
  • the camera includes a curved guide plate 168 pivotally mounted beneath the container for guiding the image-receiving sheets 26 from the container toward the nip of rolls 158 and 160, and for pivoting guide plate 168 from the position shown in FIG.
  • a suitable cam mechanism may be provided for pivoting the upper portion of guide plate 168 into its forward position during movement of an image-recording sheet from the container and to its rearmost position for engaging an image-receiving sheet during movement of the latter from the container.
  • the proper timing of the processing operation that is, movement of the image-recording and image-receiving sheets, in this embodiment of the camera is achieved by controlling the interval between rotations of roll 162 to advance first an image-recording sheet and then an imagereceiving sheet.
  • the camera also includes means for insuring retention of all but the first or forwardmost sheet in the container during withdrawal movement of the forwardmost sheet.
  • These means include a pad 170 of a resilient material having a high work efliciency of friction, e.g., polyurethane foam, mounted on a resilient arm 172 for movement into engagement with the edge portions of sheets 14 and 26 in container 12.
  • the camera preferably includes two pads and the opposite side walls of container 12 are provided with openings 174 into which pads 170 project.
  • Cams 174 are provided for urging pads 170 into engagement with the sheets during movement of the forwardmost sheet from the container while permitting the sheets to be displaced forwardly within the container under the bias of spring 16. The operation of cams 174 is, of course, synchronized with the rotation of feed roll 162 so that the pads engage the sheets during rotation of the feed roll.
  • FIG. 12 Another and very effective means for retaining the sheets within container 12 is illustrated in FIG. 12 and includes the provision of very small notches in an edge of the sheets adapted to be engaged by a knife edge projection 176 on a side wall of the container extending from front to back thereof.
  • the notches in the sheets are so small as to go unnoticed except for the most critical inspection, and retain the sheets with a force which may be overcome by the frictional engagement between the forwardmost sheet and feed roll 162, While permitting the sheets freedom to move forwardly in the container.
  • the invention contemplates further modifications to the apparatus and the incorporation of additional structural features contributing to improved and automatic operation. These include, for example, means within the container of processing liquid for controlling the temperature thereof to produce optimum results. Means sensitive to the ambient temperature and/or the temperature of the processing liquid may be provided for automatically varying the length of the period of imbibition of the image-recording sheets in the processing liquid and/or signalling to the operator that the period during which the sheets are required to remain in superposition has elapsed and the sheets may be separated.
  • Photographic apparatus for exposing a photosensitive sheet and treating the exposed photosensitive sheet with a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet, said apparatus comprising, in combination:
  • means for supporting a photosenstive sheet in position for exposure means for exposing said photosensitive sheet; means providing a liquid treating station in which said photosensitive sheet is contacted with a liquid;
  • first sheet advancing means for engaging and moving said photosensitive sheet along a first path into said liquid treating station to a position at which said sheet is disengaged from said first sheet advancing means and an end portion of said photosensitive sheet extends from said station;
  • second sheet advancing means for engaging said end portion and an end portion of a second sheet, withdrawing said photosensitive sheet from said liquid treating station and moving said sheets in superposition;
  • said liquid treating station including means for locating said photosensitive sheet with said end portion thereof extending from said liquid treating station in a direction to one side of said second sheet advancing means and with no portion of said photosensitive sheet in engagement with said first or second sheet advancing means;
  • Photographic apparatus for exposing a photosensitive sheet and treating the exposed photosensitive sheet with a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet, said apparatus comprising, in combination:
  • means for supporting a photosensitive sheet in position for exposure constructed for holding a plurality of said photosensitive sheets in stacked relation with an end sheet of the stack located in position for exposure and including means for retaining all but said end sheet stationary during movement of said end sheet from exposure position in said stack;
  • first sheet advancing means for engaging and moving said photosensitive sheet along a first path into said liquid treating station to a position at which an end portion of said photosensitive sheet projects from said station;
  • second sheet advancing means for engaging said end portion and an end portion of the other of said sheet, withdrawing said photosensitive sheet from said liquid treating station and moving said sheets in superposition;
  • Photographic processing apparatus for treating an exposed photosensitive sheet with a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet superposed with said photosensitive sheet, said apparatus comprising, in combination:
  • first sheet advancing means for moving one of said photosensitive and second sheets along a first path into said liquid treating station to a position at which said one sheet is disengaged from said first sheet advancing means and an end portion of said one sheet extends from said station; second sheet advancing means for engaging said end portion and an end portion of the other of said sheets, withdrawing said one sheet from said liquid treating station and moving said sheets in superposition; said liquid treating station including means for locating said one sheet with said end portion thereof extending from said liquid treating station in a direction to one side of said second sheet advancing means and with no portion of said one sheet in engagement with said first or said second sheet advancing means; and
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 4 including means for locating a photosensitive sheet in position for exposure and wherein said first sheet advancing means include means for engaging and moving said photosensitive sheet from exposure position along said first path into said liquid treating station.
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said means including in said liquid treating station 10- cate said one sheet with said end section extending at an angle of at least with respect to said second path in the vicinity of said second sheet advancing means.
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said one sheet advancing means are constructed for moving said one sheet along said first path with said end portion foremost into, through and from said liquid treating station at a substantially constant, predetermined rate.
  • Photographic processing apparatus for treating an exposed photosensitive sheet with -a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet superposed with said photosensitive sheet, said apparatus comprising, in combination:
  • first sheet advancing means for moving one of said sheets along a first path into said liquid treating station to a position at which an end portion of said one sheet projects from said station;
  • second sheet advancing means for engaging said end portion and an end portion of the other of said sheets, withdrawing said one sheet from said liquid treating station and moving said sheets in superposition;
  • Photographic processing apparatus for treating an exposed photosensitive sheet with a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet superposed with said photosensitive sheet, said apparatus comprising, in combination:
  • first sheet advancing means for moving one of said sheets along a first path into said liquid treating station to a position at which an end portion of said one sheet projects from said station;
  • second sheet advancing means for engaging said end portion and an end portion of the other of said sheets, withdrawing said one sheet from said liquid treating station and moving said sheets in superposition;
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said first sheet advancing means are operative to move said one sheet along said first path in a first direction into said liquid treating station to a position at which said one sheet remains until withdrawn by said second sheet advancing means, and said second advancing means are operative to engage and advance said one sheet in the opposite direction from said station.
  • Photographic processing apparatus for treating an exposed photosensitive sheet with a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet superposed with said sensitive sheet, said apparatus comprising, in combination:
  • first sheet advancing means for moving said photosensitive sheet along a first path into said liquid treating station to a position at which an end portion of said photosensitive sheet projects from said station, said first sheet advancing means including a member for engaging an end section of said photosensitive sheet supported by said holding means to move said photosensitive sheet from said holding means;
  • second sheet advancing means for engaging said end portion and an end portion of a second sheet, withdrawing said photosensitive sheet from said liquid treating station and moving said sheets in superposition;
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 12 including means for moving said member toward and into engagement with said photosensitive sheet when said holding means is in said second position and moving said member from engagement with said photosensitive sheet to permit movement of said holding means into said first position.
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 12 wherein said holding means include means for holding said second sheet in superposed relation with said photosensitive sheet, and first advancing means include guide means for guiding said photosensitive sheet from a position in said holding means along said first path and guiding said second sheet from substantially the same position in said holding means along said second path.
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said liquid treating station includes a container for holding a processing liquid with a major portion of said one sheet immersed in said liquid and said end portion of said one sheet extending from said container at a location spaced from the point of entry by a distance substantially less than the length of said one sheet.
  • Photographic processing apparatus for treating an exposed photosensitive sheet with a liquid in conjunction with a second sheet superposed with said photosensitive sheet, said apparatus comprising, in combination;
  • first sheet advancing means for moving one of said photosensitive and second sheets in a first direction along a first path into said liquid treating station;
  • second sheet advancing means for engaging and moving said one sheet from said liquid treating station in superposition with said other sheet
  • said first sheet advancing means including means for advancing said other sheet along a portion of said first path and guide means for diverting said other sheet from said first path outside of said liquid treating station toward said second sheet advancing means along a second path intersecting said first path adjacent said second sheet advancing means.
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 16 wherein said second advancing means comprise a pair of rolls mounted in juxtaposition with the nip of said rolls located in said second path adjacent and to one side of said first path.
  • Photographic apparatus as defined in claim 19 including closure means for said container comprising 'squeegees and means for retaining said closure means in a closed positiommoving said closure means to an open position during movement of said one sheet into said container, and moving'said squeegees into engagement with said-one sheet immediately following introductory movement of said one sheet'into said container.
  • -' means providing a liquid treating station in which a sheet is contacted with a liquid
  • first sheet advancingmeans for moving one of said sheets in a firstdirection along a first path into said liquid treating station
  • second sheet advancing means for engaging and moving said one sheet in a second direction, along a second path, which includes a part of said first path, out of said liquid treating station and moving said other sheet in superposition with said one sheet along said second path;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Photographic Developing Apparatuses (AREA)
US509957A 1965-11-26 1965-11-26 Photographic apparatus and processes Expired - Lifetime US3405618A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DENDAT1287926D DE1287926B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-11-26
US509957A US3405618A (en) 1965-11-26 1965-11-26 Photographic apparatus and processes
GB52278/66A GB1156464A (en) 1965-11-26 1966-11-22 Improvements relating to Photographic Processing Apparatus
AT1085666A AT276928B (de) 1965-11-26 1966-11-23 Verfahren zum Transport der lichtempfindlichen und Bildaufnahmeblätter bei einem photographischen Bildübertragungsverfahren und Selbstentwicklerkamera zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
BE690193D BE690193A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-11-26 1966-11-25
SE1613666A SE329766B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-11-26 1966-11-25
NL6616649A NL6616649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-11-26 1966-11-25
CH1694366A CH466699A (de) 1965-11-26 1966-11-25 Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines photographischen Bildes und Selbstentwicklerkamera zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
FR85093A FR1502320A (fr) 1965-11-26 1966-11-25 Appareil et processus photographiques nouveaux et perfectionnés

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US509957A US3405618A (en) 1965-11-26 1965-11-26 Photographic apparatus and processes

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US3405618A true US3405618A (en) 1968-10-15

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US509957A Expired - Lifetime US3405618A (en) 1965-11-26 1965-11-26 Photographic apparatus and processes

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US (1) US3405618A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT276928B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE690193A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH466699A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1287926B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1502320A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1156464A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6616649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE329766B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3607279A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-09-21 Polaroid Corp Photographic film assemblage
US3607283A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-09-21 Polaroid Corp Photographic film assemblage
US4183651A (en) * 1978-11-02 1980-01-15 Polaroid Corporation Photographic system, apparatus and cassette for processing a self-developing film unit
US4252598A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-02-24 Polaroid Corporation Apparatus for bonding a transparent cover sheet to a photograph
US4272178A (en) * 1980-04-03 1981-06-09 Polaroid Corporation Processing apparatus for self-developing type roll film
US4469425A (en) * 1983-05-09 1984-09-04 Polaroid Corporation Photographic film processing apparatus
US4493546A (en) * 1983-03-07 1985-01-15 Polaroid Corporation Processing apparatus and method for treating a film unit with a liquid
US4541701A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-09-17 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing apparatus
US4664492A (en) * 1986-07-31 1987-05-12 Polaroid Corporation Film advancing apparatus

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2296487B1 (es) * 2005-12-02 2009-03-16 Oscar Sanchis Planas Dispositivo de riego para plantas.

Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE853262C (de) * 1951-04-17 1952-10-23 Wolf Stratmann Einrichtung zum Entwickeln von Fotopapieren
US2751814A (en) * 1951-12-31 1956-06-26 Messrs Lumoprint Zindler K G Photographic print making machine
US3216342A (en) * 1962-02-05 1965-11-09 Pavelle Corp Photographic processor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE853262C (de) * 1951-04-17 1952-10-23 Wolf Stratmann Einrichtung zum Entwickeln von Fotopapieren
US2751814A (en) * 1951-12-31 1956-06-26 Messrs Lumoprint Zindler K G Photographic print making machine
US3216342A (en) * 1962-02-05 1965-11-09 Pavelle Corp Photographic processor

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3607279A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-09-21 Polaroid Corp Photographic film assemblage
US3607283A (en) * 1968-12-16 1971-09-21 Polaroid Corp Photographic film assemblage
US4252598A (en) * 1978-05-30 1981-02-24 Polaroid Corporation Apparatus for bonding a transparent cover sheet to a photograph
US4183651A (en) * 1978-11-02 1980-01-15 Polaroid Corporation Photographic system, apparatus and cassette for processing a self-developing film unit
US4272178A (en) * 1980-04-03 1981-06-09 Polaroid Corporation Processing apparatus for self-developing type roll film
US4493546A (en) * 1983-03-07 1985-01-15 Polaroid Corporation Processing apparatus and method for treating a film unit with a liquid
US4469425A (en) * 1983-05-09 1984-09-04 Polaroid Corporation Photographic film processing apparatus
US4541701A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-09-17 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing apparatus
US4664492A (en) * 1986-07-31 1987-05-12 Polaroid Corporation Film advancing apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT276928B (de) 1969-12-10
SE329766B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-19
DE1287926B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB1156464A (en) 1969-06-25
CH466699A (de) 1968-12-15
BE690193A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-05-25
NL6616649A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-05-29
FR1502320A (fr) 1967-11-18

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