US3404999A - Welding product - Google Patents

Welding product Download PDF

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Publication number
US3404999A
US3404999A US510141A US51014165A US3404999A US 3404999 A US3404999 A US 3404999A US 510141 A US510141 A US 510141A US 51014165 A US51014165 A US 51014165A US 3404999 A US3404999 A US 3404999A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
alloy
iron
deposit
alloys
iron base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US510141A
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English (en)
Inventor
Daniel P Tanzman
Charles E Rogers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eutectic Corp
Original Assignee
Eutectic Welding Alloys Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eutectic Welding Alloys Corp filed Critical Eutectic Welding Alloys Corp
Priority to US510141A priority Critical patent/US3404999A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3404999A publication Critical patent/US3404999A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y10T428/12104—Particles discontinuous
    • Y10T428/12111—Separated by nonmetal matrix or binder [e.g., welding electrode, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12125—Nonparticulate component has Fe-base
    • Y10T428/12132—Next to Fe-containing particles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2958—Metal or metal compound in coating

Definitions

  • This invention relates to iron base alloy compositions useful for deposition on parent materials. More particularly it relates to self-fluxing iron base alloys for deposition on parent materials, preferably cast iron and steel to produce ductile and machinable deposits.
  • This application is a continuation in part of US. patent application Ser. No. 419,292 filed on Dec. 18, 1964, now abandoned, for Iron Base Alloys.
  • Alloys which are known to be useful for producing deposits on parent materials have in general been limited to relatively expensive nickel and copper base alloys. This is particularly true where the alloy is to be deposited by the use of a flame spray torch, with or without molten pool generation where the alloy powder is to be self-fluxing.
  • Iron base alloys are in general substantially less expensive than the copper and nickel base alloys but are particularly subject to oxidation during deposition due to their inherent ease of oxidation and their high melting points. Obtaining an easily machinable deposit with the use of iron base alloys has proven diflicult since the known iron base alloys when deposited show inherently poor mechanical properties and are brittle.
  • An additional object of this invention is to provide an economical iron base alloy having self-fluxing characteristics.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide such an alloy which produces a ductile, machinable alloy deposit which is porosity free.
  • An iron base alloy which is selffluxing and can be deposited by various welding means such as tungsten inert gas, carbon are or oxyacetlylene heat sources when used in rod form or by metal spraying with or without simultaneous fusion when used in powder form without substantial oxidation is an additional object of this invention.
  • Another object of this invention is to produce such an alloy which has a controlled fluidity during deposition.
  • FIG. 1 is a photomicrograph enlarged 500 times of an etched (FeCl etchant) layer of an oxyacetylene flame sprayed deposit of the alloy according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph enlarged 500 times of an unetched layer of an oxyacetylene flame sprayed deposit of the alloy according to the invention.
  • the iron base alloys of this invention having the aforementioned attributes contain the following constituents in the following percents by weight.
  • Alloys falling in the broad range of Table I exhibit selffluxing properties on steel or cast iron. As such they are not subject to great oxidation during deposition despite the high temperatures used to deposit the alloy. This prop erty makes the alloys particularly useful in the flame spray process.
  • the alloys are of lower price than copper or nickel base alloys having like self fluxing properties.
  • Deposits produced by the iron base alloys of the present invention have outstanding characteristics.
  • the alloys exhibit a deposit hardness ranging from RC 10 to RC 35. The deposits are essentially porosity free.
  • FIG. 1 is an etched deposit formed by flame spraying the iron base alloy as constiuted in the example of Table I above onto cast iron. The existence of flake graphite 10 in alloy metal deposit 12 can be clearly seen.
  • FIG. 2 is an unetched deposit of the same alloy flame sprayed on cast iron and also shows flake graphite 10 against metal alloy deposit 12. This figure illustrates that even an unetched deposit shows the existence of the flake graphite.
  • the iron base alloys of the present invention also have outstanding properties during deposition.
  • the molten pool is sluggish rather than highly fluid. This controlled fluidity allows substantial build up of the molten alloy and deposits of even contour. These properties are particularly useful for example in the overlaying of shafts 3 inches or less in diameter. In such shafts, which have rounded contours, the molten alloy of the present invention is not so fluid as to run off the shaft. This property is also important any time there is a need for a good build up of alloy (e.g. gear teeth). While it is not certain why these properties result it is believed that the interplay of all ingredients making up the alloy extend the temperature between the solidus and liquidus points of the alloy. The resulting wider plastic range allows substantial build up of the molten alloy during deposition. During deposition on parent materials such as cast iron and steel the alloy shows good wetting tendencies.
  • the alloys of this invention may be prapared as powders in heterogeneous form or a molten homogeneous mixture may be atomized to homogeneous powders.
  • iron powder can be added to nickel boron silicon alloys, for example, to achieve the desired chemistry.
  • the self fluxing properties of heterogeneous mechanical mixtures are somewhat inferior to the corresponding homogeneous powders but are adequate to allow deposition by spraying and simultaneous fusion with oxyacetylene spraying equipment.
  • the homogeneous powder form is utilized.
  • the alloys may be deposited in numerous methods although the fiame spray method is preferred. Other forms of depositing such as tungsten inert gas welding, carbon arc welding and oxyacetylene welding can be mentioned.
  • the above described iron base alloys can be utilized in a homogeneous cast rod having the above described alloy constituents.
  • the above described iron base alloys can be further tilized in homogeneous alloy powder having the above
  • the above described iron base alloy can be deposited a homogeneous alloy weld deposit having the above de- :ribed alloy constituents by combining various hetero- :neous powder forms such as iron powder with various iromium and boron containing constituents which can I 3 produced by mechanically mixing various alloy systems produce the desired powder mixture for simultaneous iraying and molten pool generation on various base letals by use of any heat source such as an oxyacetylene pe welding torch as for example that recited in U.S. atent No. 2,786,779 issued to A. Long et a1.
  • a typical alloy sysm mixture can be produced by mechanically mixing owder forms of the following alloy systems in the weight ercentages indicated in the following examples:
  • EXAMPLE 1 3 to 55% nickel; ferro-silicon alloy containing 45 to 50% silicon alloy containing 45 to 50% silicon with the balance essentially iron; to of a ferro boron alloy consisting of to 18.5%
  • EXAMPLE 2 J to 50% nickel; up to 2% of a ferro silicon allo consisting of 45 to 55% silicon and the balance essentially iron;
  • ferro boron alloy conisting of 15 to 18.5% boron and the balance essentially iron;
  • the above decribed iron base alloy could still further deposited as a homogeneous weld deposit having the )ove described alloy constituents in the form of a coated ectrode for electrode arc deposition.
  • the core wire can a of a metal such as for example; mild steel, cast iron, c. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that e metal gore can be flux coated with an alloy containing impatible flux or coating formulation.
  • a typical coated elecode can b as follows:
  • the alloys of this invention are particularly useful for the repair welding of cast ironas the deposits form a metallurgical bond withthe" base metal and are machinable.
  • Other typical appliactions include repair of casting defects and machining errors in cast iron.
  • An iron base alloy comprising the following constituents in the following percents by weight.
  • a method of producing machinable and ductile tieposits on a parent metal comprising spraying and simultaneously fusing the alloy of claim 2 on the parent metal by means of a flame spray torch.
  • parent metal is selected from the group consisting of cast iron and steel.
  • a mild steel electrode with an alloy additive bearing coating which when heated to generate a molten pool will deposit an alloy with the ultimate chemistry of said iron base alloy of claim 1.
  • a heterogeneous powder mixture which when heated to generate a molten pool will deposit an alloy with the ultimate chemistry of claim 1.
  • An iron base alloy comprising the following constituents in the following percents by weight.
  • the iron base alloy of claim 8 in homogeneous powder form produced by atomizing a homogeneous melt of said alloy.
  • a method of producing machinable and ductile deposits on a parent metal comprising spraying and simultaneously fusing the alloy of claim 9 on the parent metal by means of a flame spray torch.
  • parent metal is selected from the group consisting of cast iron and steel.
  • a heterogeneous powder mixture which when heated to generate a molten pool will deposit an alloy with the ultimate chemistry of claim 8.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
US510141A 1964-12-18 1965-10-21 Welding product Expired - Lifetime US3404999A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US510141A US3404999A (en) 1964-12-18 1965-10-21 Welding product

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US41929264A 1964-12-18 1964-12-18
US510141A US3404999A (en) 1964-12-18 1965-10-21 Welding product

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3404999A true US3404999A (en) 1968-10-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US510141A Expired - Lifetime US3404999A (en) 1964-12-18 1965-10-21 Welding product

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3404999A (xx)
BR (1) BR6575808D0 (xx)
CH (1) CH464543A (xx)
DE (1) DE1271995B (xx)
FR (1) FR1460391A (xx)
GB (1) GB1102059A (xx)
NL (1) NL146414B (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4956839A (xx) * 1972-10-06 1974-06-03
US4711826A (en) * 1986-01-27 1987-12-08 Olin Corporation Iron-nickel alloys having improved glass sealing properties
US6485678B1 (en) 2000-06-20 2002-11-26 Winsert Technologies, Inc. Wear-resistant iron base alloys
US20060237412A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Wallin Jack G Welding compositions for improved mechanical properties in the welding of cast iron

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014217122B4 (de) * 2013-08-30 2021-02-25 Leibniz-Institut Für Festkörper- Und Werkstoffforschung Dresden E.V. Zusatzwerkstoff für das Auftragsschweißen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4956839A (xx) * 1972-10-06 1974-06-03
US4711826A (en) * 1986-01-27 1987-12-08 Olin Corporation Iron-nickel alloys having improved glass sealing properties
US6485678B1 (en) 2000-06-20 2002-11-26 Winsert Technologies, Inc. Wear-resistant iron base alloys
US20060237412A1 (en) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Wallin Jack G Welding compositions for improved mechanical properties in the welding of cast iron
US9403241B2 (en) 2005-04-22 2016-08-02 Stoody Company Welding compositions for improved mechanical properties in the welding of cast iron
US9409259B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2016-08-09 Stoody Company Welding compositions for improved mechanical properties in the welding of cast iron

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH464543A (de) 1968-10-31
GB1102059A (en) 1968-02-07
FR1460391A (fr) 1966-11-25
NL6516410A (xx) 1966-06-20
BR6575808D0 (pt) 1973-09-06
DE1271995B (de) 1968-07-04
NL146414B (nl) 1975-07-15

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