US3404529A - Propulsion machinery for submarines - Google Patents

Propulsion machinery for submarines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3404529A
US3404529A US559886A US55988666A US3404529A US 3404529 A US3404529 A US 3404529A US 559886 A US559886 A US 559886A US 55988666 A US55988666 A US 55988666A US 3404529 A US3404529 A US 3404529A
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United States
Prior art keywords
turbine
fuel cell
submarines
propulsion
oxygen
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Expired - Lifetime
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US559886A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lagerstrom Gunnar
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/005—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the working fluid being steam, created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/08—Propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
    • B63G8/08—Propulsion
    • B63G8/10—Propulsion using steam plant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B63H2021/003—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the power plant using fuel cells for energy supply or accumulation, e.g. for buffering photovoltaic energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • Quflnaf L (a crgn-O B) A W United States Patent Olfice 3,404,529 PROPULSION MACHINERY FOR SUBMARINES Gunnar Lagerstriim, Vasteras, Sweden, assignor to Allmiinna Svenska Elekn'iska Aktiebolaget, Vasteras, Sweden, a corporation of Sweden H Filed June 23, 1966, Ser. No. 559,886 Claims priority, application Sweden, June 23, 1965,
  • the present invention relates to propulsion mechanism for submarines, especially propulsion mechanism comprising a silent propulsion unit for low speed and a second propulsion unit which alone or in combination with the first-mentioned propulsion unit is used at high speed.
  • Characteristic for the power need in a submarine is that the propulsion machinery of the submarine has to generate a high power for obtaining a high speed only during short time intervals. In normal operation, for more than 90% of the operation time the submarine is driven. with low power, usually with less than of the peak output. In the period of low power output it is important that the propulsion is silent.
  • the propulsion mechanismof the submarine comprises a low-speed mechanism consisting of a fuel cell mechanism driven by hydrogen and oxygen and a high-speed mechanism consisting of a thermal power mechanism, preferably a turbine mechanism, of a type known per se having water as a working medium which water vapour is at least partly formed by the combination of oxygen and hydrogen.
  • thermal power mechanism is preferable to other known thermal power mechanisms and the invention will therefore in the following description for the sake of simplicity mainly be described as a thermal power mechanism of the turbine type.
  • the working medium in the turbine mechanism is water vapour formed by the combination of oxygen and hydrogen, several advantages are gained. First of all oxygen and hydrogen also constitute fuel for the fuel cell mechanism and the two mechanisms can thus be connected to the same working fluid system.
  • the turbine mechanism which alone or in cooperation with the fuel cell mechanism is intended to give the necessary peak output for high-speed propulsion, is designed for this purpose, preferably with considerably larger power than the fuel cell mechanism. It is, however, most suitable that the two machines simultaneously contribute to the propulsion, when peak output is required and they are therefore preferably arranged so that they are connectable for simultaneous driving of one and the same drive shaft.
  • a water supply system can be used in a way known per se, the supplied water also being vapourized and constituting part of the working medium of the turbine.
  • the fuel cell mechanism gives water as a final product, it is particularly suitable to connect the reaction water tank of the fuel cell mechanism to said water supply system.
  • the reaction water tank can advantageously also constitute a storage tank for the condensed working medium of the turbine mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a submarine drive mechanism according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a common power transmission for the fuel cell mechanism and the turbine mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 designates a fuel cell battery driven by hydrogen and oxygen which in a known way generates electric energy, which through cables 2 is lead to a DC motor 3, which directly drives the propeller shaft 4 of the submarine. Due to the fact that the DC motor 3 is directly connected to the propeller shaft a low-speed motor can be used, which gives a quieter drive as there is no noise making gearing included in the driving system.
  • the propulsion mechanism comprises also a turbine 5, which is connected to the propeller shaft 4 through a gear 6 and a clutch 7.
  • a turbine 5 which is connected to the propeller shaft 4 through a gear 6 and a clutch 7.
  • the clutch 7 When the clutch 7 is engaged the turbine 5 and the electric motor 3 simultaneously drive the propeller shaft 4 and the highest driving power is produced.
  • silent driving is necessary the turbine 5 and the gear 6 can be completely disconnected by means of the clutch 7.
  • the fuel cell mechanism and the turbine mechanism have common fuel tanks 8 and 9, one of which contains liquid hydrogen and the other liquid oxygen.
  • the tanks 8 and 9 are vacuum insulated and provided with pressure regulating means 10.
  • the liquid hydrogen and oxygen are led through conduits 11 and 12 to vapourizers 13 and 14 respectively and from there further along in gaseous state through conduits 15 and 16 to the fuel cell battery 1.
  • the fuel cell battery is provided with a cooler 17, the cooling medium of which constitutes sea water which is supplied from outside through the conduit 18.
  • the supplied hydrogen and oxygen are converted into water which through an outlet conduit 33 is led to the reaction water tank 32.
  • cryo pumps 21 and 22 respectively r 3 which'co'mpre ss the liquid fuels to a suitable pressure preferably 20 I lbars,"possibly higher.
  • the fuel still in liquid state, is led through conduits 23 and 24 to a combustion chamber 25 in which the hydrogen and oxygen are allowed to react with each other forming water vapour at a very' high temperature, preferably 800 900 C.
  • the fuel conduits 23 and 24 pass, a't'the sections 26 and 27 respectively, close to the warm parts of the combustion chamber, whereby the fuel achieves a certain pre-heating and the combustion chamher at the same time a certain cooling.
  • the generated water vapour is led through a steam conduit 28 to the turbine and from there to a condenser 29 in which the pressure is kept very low in a known way by means of a vacuum pump 30.
  • the condenser is cooled by sea water and the condensate is pumped by a pump 31 to the reaction water tank 32 of the fuel cell battery.
  • water is fed through a conduit 34 and this water is received from the reaction water tank 32 of the fuel cell battery.
  • the supplied water is vapourized and fed back -to the reaction water tank 32 after it has passed through the turbine cycle.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a suitable way of co-ordinating the power transmission from the fuel cell mechanism and the turbine mechanism.
  • the electric motor 3 of the fuel cell mechanism comprises a stator 35 and a rotor 36.
  • the stator 35 is by bearings 37 mounted directly on the propeller shaft 4.
  • the rotor 36 is supported by a hollow shaft 38, which by bearings 39 also is mounted on the propeller shaft 4.
  • the rotor 36 can by means of a clutch 40 be connected with the shaft 4 or disconnected from the same. If it is not necessary to disconnect the electric motor 3 from the propeller shaft 4, the clutch 40 may be rigid.
  • the turbine 5 is, as previously described, connected to the propeller shaft 4 through the gear 6 and the clutch 7.
  • the shown device makes it in any easy way possible to drive the propeller shaft either by the electric motor 3, the turbine 5 or by both at the same time.
  • An underwater propulsion system for submarines comprising a supply of liquid hydrogen, a supply of liquid oxygen, a fuel cell battery driven by hydrogen and oxygen, means to vapourize and distribute hydrogen and oxygen from said supplies and to conduct such vaporized gases to said fuel cell battery, an electric motor fed by said fuel cell battery for driving the submarine in the low speed range, means for connecting said motor to a propeller shaft of said submarine, a combustion chamber means generating super-heated steam by burning hydrogen and steam from said engine, and means for conneclingsaid heat engine to a pro peller shaft of said submarine.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 1 in which a water tank connected to said fuel cell battery and said condensing means receives water produced in said battery and condensing meansi 3.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 1, in which said water supply system is connected to the outlet of said fuel cell battery to receive water produced therein.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 1, in which said means to supply liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen from said supplies to said combustion chamber includes cryopumps.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 5, in which said pumps raise the pressure of the liquid hydrogen and oxygen at least 20 bars.
  • a propulsion system for submarines in which the means to supply liquid hydrogen and oxygen to said combustion chamber includes distribution conduits which pass near warm parts of said combustion chamber to preheat said liquid gases.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 1, in which said heat engine is a steam turbine.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 1, in which both said electrical motor and said heat engine are connectable for simultaneous driving of the same propeller shaft.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 1, in which said electrical motor comprises a low speed electrical motor for directly driving said propeller shaft.
  • a propulsion system for submarines comprising a clutch allowing said heat engine to be completely dis-connected from said propeller shaft.
  • a propulsion system for submarines according to claim 1, in which said electrical motor is arranged around said propeller shaft, the rotor of said motor being mounted on a hollow shaft mounted on bearings on said propeller shaft and in which there is clutch means allowing the rotor to be connected or disconnected with respect to said propeller shaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
US559886A 1965-06-23 1966-06-23 Propulsion machinery for submarines Expired - Lifetime US3404529A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8295/65A SE320600B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-06-23 1965-06-23

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US3404529A true US3404529A (en) 1968-10-08

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GB (1) GB1148511A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE320600B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3696795A (en) * 1971-01-11 1972-10-10 Combustion Power Air pollution-free internal combustion engine and method for operating same
US3941012A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-03-02 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Dual drive mechanism
US3972731A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-03 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant
US3973993A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-10 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with steam flow through the cells
US3976507A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-24 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with single reactant gas stream
US3976506A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-24 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with air bypass
DE2604981A1 (de) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-26 United Technologies Corp Unter druck betriebene brennstoffzellenstromversorgungsanlagen
DE2604966A1 (de) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-26 United Technologies Corp Unter druck betriebene brennstoffzellenstromversorgungsanlage mit einer mit dampf betriebenen verdichteranlage
US4001041A (en) * 1975-02-12 1977-01-04 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant
US4004947A (en) * 1975-02-12 1977-01-25 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant
EP0052265A3 (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-02-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Direct current power source
US5360679A (en) * 1993-08-20 1994-11-01 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Hydrocarbon fueled solid polymer fuel cell electric power generation system
EP1531125A1 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-18 Technovoile S.A. Installation de propulsion navale hybride et plurifonctionnelle
WO2006100094A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Supply system for an aircraft
US20060228960A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Integrated marine vessel hull for energy storage
US20070163822A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-07-19 Grieve Malcolm J Hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine electric generating system using liquid oxygen
US20120210714A1 (en) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-23 Chris Gudmundson Hydrogen based combined steam cycle apparatus
EP1911672A3 (de) * 2006-10-14 2015-09-16 ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH Unterseeboot mit einer CO2-Bindeeinrichtung
CN105329426A (zh) * 2015-10-08 2016-02-17 杜善骥 氢氧燃料发电装置水射流推进常规潜艇
DE102019213991A1 (de) * 2019-09-13 2020-09-03 Thyssenkrupp Ag Betankung eines Unterseeboots auf hoher See
US10774741B2 (en) 2016-01-26 2020-09-15 General Electric Company Hybrid propulsion system for a gas turbine engine including a fuel cell
US20230076951A1 (en) * 2021-09-08 2023-03-09 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Electrically driven redundant fuel and oil pumping system for gas turbine engines
US20230072590A1 (en) * 2021-09-08 2023-03-09 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Redundant electrically driven fuel and oil pumping system for gas turbines

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3201339A1 (de) * 1982-01-18 1983-07-28 Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim Anlage zur energieumwandlung
RU2435699C1 (ru) * 2010-06-07 2011-12-10 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Санкт-Петербургское Морское Бюро Машиностроения "Малахит" Энергетическая установка подводной лодки
RU2573540C1 (ru) * 2014-07-02 2016-01-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное объединение "Санкт-Петербургская электротехническая компания" Паровая энергетическая установка для подводного технического средства
RU2564193C1 (ru) * 2014-07-02 2015-09-27 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-производственное объединение "Санкт-Петербургская электротехническая компания" Энергетическая установка для подводного технического средства
CN105370598A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2016-03-02 中国船舶重工集团公司第七�三研究所 一种电站锅炉大型轴流式风机汽电双驱的轴系结构
RU2745182C1 (ru) * 2020-08-27 2021-03-22 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТЕРМОКОН" Парогазовая установка на сжиженном природном газе
RU2745468C1 (ru) * 2020-08-27 2021-03-25 Ооо "Термокон" Парогазовая установка с воздушным конденсатором
RU2745470C1 (ru) * 2020-09-03 2021-03-25 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТЕРМОКОН" Теплофикационная парогазовая установка

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GB100013A (en) * 1915-01-09 1916-07-06 Westinghouse Machine Co Improvements in or relating to Motor Power Plant.
US2149873A (en) * 1934-12-11 1939-03-07 Joffe Power transmission device
US2482262A (en) * 1948-01-02 1949-09-20 Esther C Goddard Steam production in jacketed combustion chambers
US3101592A (en) * 1961-01-16 1963-08-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Closed power generating system
US3134228A (en) * 1961-07-27 1964-05-26 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Propulsion system
US3328957A (en) * 1966-01-03 1967-07-04 Curtiss Wright Corp Ratio control for closed cycle propulsion systems

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB100013A (en) * 1915-01-09 1916-07-06 Westinghouse Machine Co Improvements in or relating to Motor Power Plant.
US2149873A (en) * 1934-12-11 1939-03-07 Joffe Power transmission device
US2482262A (en) * 1948-01-02 1949-09-20 Esther C Goddard Steam production in jacketed combustion chambers
US3101592A (en) * 1961-01-16 1963-08-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Closed power generating system
US3134228A (en) * 1961-07-27 1964-05-26 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Propulsion system
US3328957A (en) * 1966-01-03 1967-07-04 Curtiss Wright Corp Ratio control for closed cycle propulsion systems

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3696795A (en) * 1971-01-11 1972-10-10 Combustion Power Air pollution-free internal combustion engine and method for operating same
US3941012A (en) * 1974-02-11 1976-03-02 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Dual drive mechanism
US3972731A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-03 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant
US3973993A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-10 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with steam flow through the cells
US3976507A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-24 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with single reactant gas stream
US3976506A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-24 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with air bypass
DE2604981A1 (de) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-26 United Technologies Corp Unter druck betriebene brennstoffzellenstromversorgungsanlagen
DE2604982A1 (de) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-26 United Technologies Corp Unter druck betriebene brennstoffzellenstromversorgungsanlage mit einem einzelnen reaktionsgasstrom
DE2604966A1 (de) * 1975-02-12 1976-08-26 United Technologies Corp Unter druck betriebene brennstoffzellenstromversorgungsanlage mit einer mit dampf betriebenen verdichteranlage
US3982962A (en) * 1975-02-12 1976-09-28 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant with steam powered compressor
US4001041A (en) * 1975-02-12 1977-01-04 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant
US4004947A (en) * 1975-02-12 1977-01-25 United Technologies Corporation Pressurized fuel cell power plant
EP0052265A3 (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-02-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Direct current power source
US5360679A (en) * 1993-08-20 1994-11-01 Ballard Power Systems Inc. Hydrocarbon fueled solid polymer fuel cell electric power generation system
EP1531125A1 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-18 Technovoile S.A. Installation de propulsion navale hybride et plurifonctionnelle
WO2005047101A1 (fr) * 2003-11-17 2005-05-26 Technovoile Sa Installation de propulsion navale hybride et plurifonctionnelle
WO2006100094A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2006-09-28 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Supply system for an aircraft
US7828244B2 (en) 2005-03-24 2010-11-09 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Supply system for an aircraft
CN101146712B (zh) * 2005-03-24 2011-06-29 空中客车德国有限公司 用于飞行器的供应系统
US20080191094A1 (en) * 2005-03-24 2008-08-14 Airbus Deutschland Gmbh Supply System for an Aircraft
RU2394725C2 (ru) * 2005-03-24 2010-07-20 Эйрбас Дойсланд Гмбх Система обеспечения летательного аппарата водой
US20060228960A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Integrated marine vessel hull for energy storage
US7743861B2 (en) * 2006-01-06 2010-06-29 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine electric generating system using liquid oxygen
US20070163822A1 (en) * 2006-01-06 2007-07-19 Grieve Malcolm J Hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine electric generating system using liquid oxygen
EP1911672A3 (de) * 2006-10-14 2015-09-16 ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems GmbH Unterseeboot mit einer CO2-Bindeeinrichtung
US20120210714A1 (en) * 2011-02-18 2012-08-23 Chris Gudmundson Hydrogen based combined steam cycle apparatus
US8671687B2 (en) * 2011-02-18 2014-03-18 Chris Gudmundson Hydrogen based combined steam cycle apparatus
CN105329426A (zh) * 2015-10-08 2016-02-17 杜善骥 氢氧燃料发电装置水射流推进常规潜艇
US10774741B2 (en) 2016-01-26 2020-09-15 General Electric Company Hybrid propulsion system for a gas turbine engine including a fuel cell
DE102019213991A1 (de) * 2019-09-13 2020-09-03 Thyssenkrupp Ag Betankung eines Unterseeboots auf hoher See
US20230076951A1 (en) * 2021-09-08 2023-03-09 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Electrically driven redundant fuel and oil pumping system for gas turbine engines
US20230072590A1 (en) * 2021-09-08 2023-03-09 Rolls-Royce North American Technologies Inc. Redundant electrically driven fuel and oil pumping system for gas turbines

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Publication number Publication date
SE320600B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-09
GB1148511A (en) 1969-04-16

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