US3404525A - Low-torque multifilament compact yarn - Google Patents

Low-torque multifilament compact yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3404525A
US3404525A US576766A US57676666A US3404525A US 3404525 A US3404525 A US 3404525A US 576766 A US576766 A US 576766A US 57676666 A US57676666 A US 57676666A US 3404525 A US3404525 A US 3404525A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
torque
twist
multifilament
false
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US576766A
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English (en)
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Tompkins William Arthur
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
    • D02G1/0213—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting after drawing the yarn on the same machine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
    • D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
    • D02G1/022—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting while simultaneously drawing the yarn
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/26—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre with characteristics dependent on the amount or direction of twist
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A compact multifilament yarn wherein the filaments are parallel and which exhibits a low torque of between .25 and 2.5 turns per inch and has no twist and no crimp. Also, a yarn having the above specified torque and also a twist of .25 turn per inch in the same direction as the torque.
  • the invention concerns low-torque multifilament compact yarn.
  • Torque in a yarn results from torsional stress induced by twisting; and it is conveniently expressed as the turns per inch of twist-liveliness measured in the yarn. Owing to the fact that torque decays at a rate dependent on, inter alia, the value of the initial torque and the conditions of yarn storage, the values of torque referred to herein are those present in the yarn when the measurements were made approximately 4 hours after production of the yarn. The values would be significantly different if the measurements were taken after the yarn had been stored for, say, 30 days; for instance a torque of 2.5 turns per inch in 45 denier/l5 filament nylon 66 yarn can decay to one of 2.0 turns per inch over that period.
  • a compact yarn is one which by virtue of interfilamentary cohesion is manipulable as an entity without defects arising from handling, running, etc.
  • the invention concerns a novel multifilament compact yarn, and the method of producing it.
  • a multifil'ament compact yarn is characterised by the absence of any substantial unidirectional twist and the presence of from 0.25 to 2.5 7
  • Torque of the low degree in question may be introduced in anumber of ways, but the most convenient, from the point of view of productivity, involves the imparting of false twist to the running yarn while it is hot.
  • such low-torque false twist can be imparted during the drawing process carried outon multifilament yarns of synthetic polymeric material, as for instance polyamide, polyester and polypropylene material.
  • the false twist can be imparted actually while the yarn is being drawn; or it can be imparted subsequently to the drawing having been effected but prior to wind-up thereafter.
  • undrawn yarn is fed into a drawing zone at a predetermined rate, the point of draw normally being localized on a snubbing-pin which is preferably heated, and the yarn is drawn by the action of draw rolls operating at a multiple of the predetermined rate.
  • the yarn is then wound up, either with or Without the imparting of a low degree of twist.
  • the appropriate low degree of torque can be obtained from a range of combinations of twist insertion and setting, i.e. from low twist with a high degree of set (eg using a heated metal snubbing-pin) to high twist with a low degree of set eg. with a cold metal or ceramic snubbing-pin, or no pin at all and a feed roll).
  • false twist may be imparted during the drawing process, by passing the yarn, en route from the snubbing-pir1 to the draw roll, partially around and in frictional contact with a convexsurfaced flange fitted to one end of the draw roll, whereby the yarn is caused to roll about its axis.
  • the flange may be made, for instance, of neoprene of 78 shore hardness; but observing that only a low degree of false twist is needed to be imparted, as opposed to the degree required for crimping as disclosed in the aforesaid specifi cation, other more durable rnaterials such as chromed steel may be used, with a larger angle of wrap of the yarn in contact with the flange than would be required with materials of a higher coefiicient of friction.
  • twist-tube false twister either of the sort which acts di- .rectly on the yarn by friction or of the sort which causes and with sensibly zero unidirectional twist.
  • the filaments I are effectively parallel to one another and to the length direction of the yarn.
  • a heat-relaxing treatment may be carried out on the yarn, concomitantly with false twisting, by passing the yarn over or through a heating device.
  • a heating device may, if desired, comprise a jet supplied with heated gas, such as hot air or steam, under pressure, so long as sensibly no filament interlacing or twisting is involved in its use.
  • the heating device may comprise a cylindrical convection heater supplied with e.g. hot air or steam; or it may comprise a contact heater, preferably a curved plate or plates heated electrically to the desired temperature. It is preferred to utilize the heat imparted for this heat-relaxation treatment for the pre-false-twist- 3 ing' heating also; but if such heat-relaxing is carried-out subsequently to de-twisting, it will be necessary to impart a higher degree of false twist than normal, as the relaxation treatment tends to accelerate the torque decay.
  • a normal amount of twist is about double that of the torque desired, assuming thorough setting of the twist.
  • the yarn prior to false twisting is in its normal condition, i.e. it will have the normal amount of spinning finish thereon. It is unnecessary and undesirable to have any solvent applied to the yarn before false-twisting, unless the yarn material is of a kind which will not allow of the setting of twist with heat alone or with heat combined with the action of drawing.
  • the invention is applicable to all multifilament yarns of any material capable of being set, notably the synthetic yarn materials.
  • the yarns may be sheerer, as for instance /3 or /7, or they may be heavier,'as for instance 205/34.
  • the polyamides, polyesters and polypropylenes represent the presently most useful yarn materials.
  • a low torque may be used to supplement a low twist, so that the combined compacting effect of torque and twist is adequate for the purpose in hand, the values of both being lower than those required when either torque or twist alone is used for compacting of the yarn in question.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagram of drawing apparatus incorporating a rubber flange on one end of the draw roll
  • FIGURE 1a is a side elevation-a1 view of the draw roll of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 2 is a diagram of drawing apparatus with provision for the false-twisting of the drawn yarn and its relaxation in a cylindrical heater;
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagram of drawing apparatus with provision for the false-twisting of the drawn yarn and its relaxation by contact with a contact heater;
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagram of drawing apparatus with provision for heating and false-twisting the yarn whilst it is being drawn;
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagram of a modified form of the apparatus of FIGURE 1.
  • snubbing-pin 11 which can be either ceramic or metal and around which the yarn is wrapped with two turns.
  • curved flange 9,v which may be of rubber or of metal; and the yarn path between snubbing-pin 11 and draw roll 5 makes an angle 0 with the perpendicular to the axis of the draw roll, the value of 0 affecting the amount of torque to be induced by the false twisting action of the flange on the yarn.
  • a hot air heater 13 with a false twister 19 is positioned downstream of draw roll 5; and the drawn yarn is both heat-relaxed and false twisted before being passed via guide 19to a winding mechanism (not shown).
  • FIGURE 3 The arrangement of FIGURE 3 is similar to that of FIGURE 2' save that the yarn is relaxed by an amount controlled by the degree of step-down of a stepped draw roll 5, 5a combined with its stepped separator roll 7, 7a.
  • the yarn is fed into the drawing zone by feed roll 1 and nip roll 1a.
  • the heat-relaxing heater in this case is a contact heater 21 of the two-sided (or pyramid) type, the yarn passing in contact with a heated surface of the heater up one side, around pulley wheel 23 and then down the other side of the heater in contact with a heated surfacethereof.
  • the torque is induced by means of a false twister 17 within the drawing span, the heater (to heat the yarn upstream of the false twister) in this case being a single-sided contact heater 27.
  • the yarn is fed into the drawing Zone 'by feed roll 1 with nip roll 1a, the yarn first being taken on a partial wrap around feed roll 1, thence around grooved ceramic pin 25 and finally between the nip of rolls 1 and 1a.
  • FIGURE 5 The arrangement of apparatus shown in FIGURE 5, which is especially for use with heavier denier yarn of Terylene (registered trademark) polyester fibre, is essentially similar to that of FIGURES 1 and 1a, but with the addition of adjustable ceramic pin 29 between an electrically-heated metal snubbing-pin 11, having electric leads 31, and the draw roll 5.
  • Example I Multifilament yarns of polyhexamethylene adipamide, of the deniers and filament numbers indicated, were drawn, and torque was induced in them, by the apparatus of FIGURES 1 and 1a, the draw roll being provided with a rubber flange of 20 cms. diameter and 5 ems. cross-sectional radius of curvature (see FIGURE 10) and shore hard- In the drawings, the same reference numerals have been ness 87-90 fitted on a draw roll of 10 cms. diameter.
  • Example II The combined drawing and torque-inducing apparatus of FIGURES 1 and 1a comprises feed roll 1 with its separator roll 3 and draw roll 5 with its separator roll 7, be-
  • the flange was 92 shore hardness and 14.5 cms.
  • denier 3 filaments 10 metal 125 2,000 1, 900 2 5 4% do 112 2,000 1,900 0 7 11- ceramic..- 21 3,050 3,000 2 1 denier l0 filaments 5 0.- 21 3,050 3,000 1 0 4 21 3, 050 3,000 0 s 17 118 2,000 2, 500 2 5 40 denier 13 filaments . ⁇ 11- 110 2, 600 2, 500 1 0 o 120 2, 000 2,500 0 s 45 denier 15 filaments gt; Z88 i: 3 2 20.
  • Example IV Example VIII
  • multifilament yarns of polyhexamethyl- 45 denier 15 filament yarn of polyhexamethylene adipene adipamide, of the deniers and filament numbers indiamide was drawn and heat-relaxed whilst torque was cated, were drawn and subsequently heat-relaxed in a induced by the apparatus of FIGURE 4 to which was at- 22-inch long hot air heater whilst torque was induced in ta-ched a ring-spindle wind-up for the insertion of twist. them, by the apparatus of FIGURE 2.
  • Example V 4% to 6%, was satisfactory for use in the welts of stock- 45 denier 15 filament yam of polyhexamethylene adip ings when tw1st of 0.25 turn per inch was inserted by the amide was drawn and subsequently heat-relaxed in an Eris: g g i f i to yg i 8% relaxation step whilst torque was induced in it using false twist; t is e g wasdm i y the apparatus of FIGURE
  • the two heating surfaces of nifid antly raised in cd mpa riz ri wh t h e sia m i a id gr oc efis the Pyramid heater were each 6 mchgs long in which it was necessary to impart 0.6-0.7 turn per inch twist.
  • a compact, synthetic multifilament yarn, characamide was false twist d Whilst being using the terized in that the yarn has a unidirectional twist of not dpp of FIGURE
  • the Contact heater 3 24 greater than 0.25 turn per inch and a torque of from 0.25 inches long; and the yarn was drawn at 800 feet/minute. to 5 turns per inch in the same direction as the said twist.
  • Heater temperature False twist head speed Twist liveliness in Q in mm resultant yamint'ph 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
US576766A 1965-09-10 1966-09-01 Low-torque multifilament compact yarn Expired - Lifetime US3404525A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB38689/65A GB1098545A (en) 1965-09-10 1965-09-10 Low-torque, multifilament compact yarn

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US (1) US3404525A (xx)
AT (1) AT283164B (xx)
BE (1) BE686623A (xx)
CH (1) CH456026A (xx)
ES (1) ES331091A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1098545A (xx)
IL (1) IL26392A (xx)
LU (1) LU51897A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL6612465A (xx)
SE (1) SE308471B (xx)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539680A (en) * 1967-08-07 1970-11-10 Teijin Ltd Process and apparatus for drawing polyester filaments
US3601972A (en) * 1968-07-12 1971-08-31 Ici Ltd Drawing and bulking of synthetic filament yarns
US3693341A (en) * 1970-04-17 1972-09-26 Hercules Inc Yarn treatment process
US3708970A (en) * 1971-01-29 1973-01-09 Fiber Industries Inc Yarn process
US3771307A (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-11-13 Du Pont Drawing and bulking polyester yarns
US3796036A (en) * 1970-11-21 1974-03-12 Scragg & Sons Method of processing yarn
US3816989A (en) * 1973-08-08 1974-06-18 Akzona Inc Yarn driven friction falsetwister
US3874159A (en) * 1971-01-29 1975-04-01 Fiber Industries Inc Yarn process
US3877213A (en) * 1972-01-19 1975-04-15 Fiber Industries Inc Draw textured yarn and process
US3937000A (en) * 1971-09-16 1976-02-10 Snam Progetti S.P.A. Continuous bi-compound acrylic bulky yarn and the method of the production of same
US3955351A (en) * 1969-02-06 1976-05-11 Imperial Chemical Industries Inc. Production of bulked yarns
US4000605A (en) * 1971-09-20 1977-01-04 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Method for producing a crimped yarn
US4031692A (en) * 1972-07-26 1977-06-28 Fiber Industries, Inc. Novel hosiery yarn
JPS537529B1 (xx) * 1971-03-23 1978-03-18
US4231219A (en) * 1979-06-04 1980-11-04 Akzona Incorporated Method and apparatus for alleviating tight spots in false twist textured yarn
US4487011A (en) * 1981-04-18 1984-12-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for making a texturized profile yarn, and the resulting yarns
US20200385906A1 (en) * 2017-12-04 2020-12-10 Cytec Industries Inc. Stitching yarn and ncf fabric contaning such yarn

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3473317A (en) * 1968-04-11 1969-10-21 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Method for manufacturing crimped acrylonitrile filament yarn
GB1267231A (xx) * 1968-07-16 1972-03-15
SE392299B (sv) * 1971-08-24 1977-03-21 Du Pont Forfarande och medel for framstellning av garn med dragen och snodd textur

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771660A (en) * 1951-09-25 1956-11-27 Patentex Inc Manufacture of crepe yarns and fabrics from nylon
US2777310A (en) * 1955-10-31 1957-01-15 Alamance Ind Inc Stretch yarn and fabric and method of making same
US2796655A (en) * 1954-12-31 1957-06-25 Grove Silk Company Stretchable fabric and method of making same
US2952964A (en) * 1953-07-14 1960-09-20 American Enka Corp False twist device for curling thermoplastic yarn
US3001355A (en) * 1959-06-08 1961-09-26 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method and apparatus for processing yarn
US3035396A (en) * 1957-08-21 1962-05-22 Patentex Inc Torque low twist yarn and machine and method for producing the same
US3041814A (en) * 1960-07-07 1962-07-03 Heberlein Patent Corp Apparatus for producing crimped yarn
US3069837A (en) * 1959-06-30 1962-12-25 Du Pont Twisting process
US3091912A (en) * 1957-04-19 1963-06-04 Leesona Corp Method of processing stretch yarn and yarns produced thereby
US3094834A (en) * 1959-07-03 1963-06-25 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Apparatus for simultaneously stretching and falsetwisting yarn
US3137119A (en) * 1961-06-14 1964-06-16 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Process for the production of high bulk yarns
US3196602A (en) * 1962-05-11 1965-07-27 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Crimping synthetic thermoplastic yarns
US3292354A (en) * 1965-04-20 1966-12-20 Leesona Corp Apparatus for processing yarn
US3330104A (en) * 1964-09-30 1967-07-11 Du Pont False twist spindle with auxiliary reverse-twist element

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771660A (en) * 1951-09-25 1956-11-27 Patentex Inc Manufacture of crepe yarns and fabrics from nylon
US2952964A (en) * 1953-07-14 1960-09-20 American Enka Corp False twist device for curling thermoplastic yarn
US2796655A (en) * 1954-12-31 1957-06-25 Grove Silk Company Stretchable fabric and method of making same
US2777310A (en) * 1955-10-31 1957-01-15 Alamance Ind Inc Stretch yarn and fabric and method of making same
US3091912A (en) * 1957-04-19 1963-06-04 Leesona Corp Method of processing stretch yarn and yarns produced thereby
US3035396A (en) * 1957-08-21 1962-05-22 Patentex Inc Torque low twist yarn and machine and method for producing the same
US3001355A (en) * 1959-06-08 1961-09-26 Deering Milliken Res Corp Method and apparatus for processing yarn
US3069837A (en) * 1959-06-30 1962-12-25 Du Pont Twisting process
US3094834A (en) * 1959-07-03 1963-06-25 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Apparatus for simultaneously stretching and falsetwisting yarn
US3041814A (en) * 1960-07-07 1962-07-03 Heberlein Patent Corp Apparatus for producing crimped yarn
US3137119A (en) * 1961-06-14 1964-06-16 Chavanoz Moulinage Retorderie Process for the production of high bulk yarns
US3196602A (en) * 1962-05-11 1965-07-27 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Crimping synthetic thermoplastic yarns
US3330104A (en) * 1964-09-30 1967-07-11 Du Pont False twist spindle with auxiliary reverse-twist element
US3292354A (en) * 1965-04-20 1966-12-20 Leesona Corp Apparatus for processing yarn

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3539680A (en) * 1967-08-07 1970-11-10 Teijin Ltd Process and apparatus for drawing polyester filaments
US3601972A (en) * 1968-07-12 1971-08-31 Ici Ltd Drawing and bulking of synthetic filament yarns
US3955351A (en) * 1969-02-06 1976-05-11 Imperial Chemical Industries Inc. Production of bulked yarns
US3693341A (en) * 1970-04-17 1972-09-26 Hercules Inc Yarn treatment process
US3796036A (en) * 1970-11-21 1974-03-12 Scragg & Sons Method of processing yarn
US3708970A (en) * 1971-01-29 1973-01-09 Fiber Industries Inc Yarn process
US3874159A (en) * 1971-01-29 1975-04-01 Fiber Industries Inc Yarn process
JPS537529B1 (xx) * 1971-03-23 1978-03-18
US3771307A (en) * 1971-08-24 1973-11-13 Du Pont Drawing and bulking polyester yarns
US3937000A (en) * 1971-09-16 1976-02-10 Snam Progetti S.P.A. Continuous bi-compound acrylic bulky yarn and the method of the production of same
US4000605A (en) * 1971-09-20 1977-01-04 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Method for producing a crimped yarn
US3877213A (en) * 1972-01-19 1975-04-15 Fiber Industries Inc Draw textured yarn and process
US4031692A (en) * 1972-07-26 1977-06-28 Fiber Industries, Inc. Novel hosiery yarn
US3816989A (en) * 1973-08-08 1974-06-18 Akzona Inc Yarn driven friction falsetwister
US4231219A (en) * 1979-06-04 1980-11-04 Akzona Incorporated Method and apparatus for alleviating tight spots in false twist textured yarn
US4487011A (en) * 1981-04-18 1984-12-11 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for making a texturized profile yarn, and the resulting yarns
US20200385906A1 (en) * 2017-12-04 2020-12-10 Cytec Industries Inc. Stitching yarn and ncf fabric contaning such yarn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT283164B (de) 1970-07-27
SE308471B (xx) 1969-02-10
GB1098545A (en) 1968-01-10
ES331091A1 (es) 1967-11-01
BE686623A (xx) 1967-03-08
NL6612465A (xx) 1967-03-13
LU51897A1 (xx) 1966-11-07
IL26392A (en) 1969-12-31
CH456026A (de) 1968-05-15

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