US3396951A - Emergency atmosphere annealing furnace and method - Google Patents

Emergency atmosphere annealing furnace and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3396951A
US3396951A US482381A US48238165A US3396951A US 3396951 A US3396951 A US 3396951A US 482381 A US482381 A US 482381A US 48238165 A US48238165 A US 48238165A US 3396951 A US3396951 A US 3396951A
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Prior art keywords
strip
gas
atmosphere
air
burners
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Expired - Lifetime
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US482381A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cope F Troy
Ralph J Perrine
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Electric Furnace Co
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Electric Furnace Co
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Application filed by Electric Furnace Co filed Critical Electric Furnace Co
Priority to US482381A priority Critical patent/US3396951A/en
Priority to GB33530/66A priority patent/GB1115715A/en
Priority to BE685459D priority patent/BE685459A/xx
Priority to ES0330384A priority patent/ES330384A1/es
Priority to SE11415/66A priority patent/SE330898B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3396951A publication Critical patent/US3396951A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0034—Details related to elements immersed in bath
    • C23C2/00342—Moving elements, e.g. pumps or mixers
    • C23C2/00344—Means for moving substrates, e.g. immersed rollers or immersed bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0035—Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
    • C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to the art of continuous strip annealing and, more specifically, to a gas purging system for protecting the metal strip from over-oxidation while motionless in the furnace in the event of an unavoidable shutdown.
  • steel strip is initially preheated to burn off roll lubricants and raise its temperature to about that of the coating bath. If preheating is -done rapidly with a very brief exposure to combustion products, the amount of oxidation of the strip surfaces is only superficial and is easily reduced before the strip reaches the coating bath. In order to complete preheating in a short time, the preheating zone of the furnace must operate at a considerably higher temperature than the temperature of the coating bath. At the higher temperature a serious problem is enc-ountered with unexpected strip stoppage.
  • the refractory lining of the preheating zone contains enough stored heat to quickly raise the strip temperature to a higher temperature at which oxidation proceeds rapidly. This will cause severe oxidation of the portion stopped in the preheating zone, requiring it Ito be cut out of the continuous strip before operation can resume.
  • the gas purging system includes a control responsive to strip movement to disconnect the normal source of atmosphere to a chamber through which the 4continuous strip is passing and simultaneously to connect a source of special atmosphere to the chamber, the special atmosphere being delivered at a rate and pressure sufficient to exclude the entry of outside air and prevent damage to the strip surfaces which would otherwise result by a prolonged exposure in the normal chamber atmosphere.
  • the gas purging system comprises normally open air and gas valve members simultaneously operable to close and shut olf the burners upon strip stoppage, a bypass line connecting the main gas source to the gas manifold around the gas valve, and a normally closed valve located in the bypass line responsive to strip stoppage to open so that raw gas is introduced into the preheating zone through the existing burners to serve as the special atm-osphere.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide a protective atmosphere to prevent overoxidation of ⁇ a metal strip when its rate of travel is unavoidably stopped or slowed in a hostile environment such as exists in the preheating zone of an annealing furnace.
  • Another object is to take advantage of existing fuel delivery lines and to utilize the main heating burners as nozzles for introducing the protective atmosphere.
  • FIGURES l and 1A show a portion of a hot-dip galvanizing line, vmultizone horizontal strip annealing furnace incorporating the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is an offset cross-sectional view taken along line 2 2 of the furnace shown in FIGURE l;
  • FIGURE 3 is a schematic diagram depicting the layout of the purging system superimposed on the firing system for the preheating zone of the furnace in FIGURE 1.
  • FIGURES 1 and 1A are exemplary of a continuous hot-dip strip galvanizing installation employing a horizontal annealing furnace A, such as might be used for continuous annealing in connection with the galvanizing of steel strip 1.
  • the furnace A includes a direct fired preheat zone 2, a radiant tube heated reducing zone 3, and a cooling zone 4.
  • Rolls 5 support the strip 1 at suitable intervals so that moderate strip tension is suicient to avoid objectional sag between rolls.
  • the rolls 5 are preferably driven by sprockets 6 at a surface speed equal to that at which the strip advances.
  • the furnace is constructed as airtight as possible to preserve the furnace atmosphere during normal operation and t-o exclude air during unavoidable shutdown periods, as will be explained hereinafter.
  • the entrance 20 to preheating zone 2 is sealed by closure rolls 22, 23 which extend transversely completely across the entrance 20 and are in rolling engagement with strip 1 to prevent the inward flow of air.
  • Upper roll 23 is movable vertically on the counterweighted arm 25 to clear threading tools when necessary.
  • the support shafts 26 for each end of rolls 5 extend through the sidewalls 27 and are each supported on bearings 29 which are sealed in a suitable housing on the outside of wall 27 providing a closure around shaft 26 preventing the ingress of air at the various r-oll locations.
  • Upper and lower U-shaped radiant heating tubes 30 are each red and vented by gas burners 31 and vents 32 from an outside location and openings 34 therefore are sealed to prevent air leakage.
  • the end 3 of the downchute is im mersed below the level of the Zinc in the pot 12 to exclude air.
  • the interior of the furnace A is virtually airtight, at least for the purposes of a controlled atmosphere furnace, and any leaks which do exist are not of suflicient magnitude to be of concern during normal operation due to the overpressure of the furnace atmosphere.
  • the atmosphere of the furnace A comprises essentiallyI the pr-oducts of combustion in the preheating zone 2 and a special atmosphere of a reducing gas, such as dissociated ammonia, in the reducing and cooling zones 3 and 4.
  • a reducing gas such as dissociated ammonia
  • the special atmosphere is admitted at suitable inlets 36 in elbow housings 8 and 37 in downchute 10.
  • Sufficient volume is supplied to Imaintain a general flow toward the preheat zone 2 through -openings 38, 39 in internal division walls 40, 41 which separate the three furnace zones 2, 3 and 4.
  • Such flow sweeps out water vapor resulting from the reduction of any oxide film on the strip 1 as it leaves the preheating zone 2 and purges the furnace so as to hold contamination to an acceptable level.
  • a sliding gate 43 is provided to restrict the opening 33 in division wall 40 so that the pressure in the reducing zone 3 is maintained greater than the pressure in the preheating zone 2.
  • the gas-fired burners 45 in preheating zone 2 heat the strip to temperatures of about 700 to 900 F. This cleans the strip 1 by burning or vaporizing surface deposits, such as roll lubricants or the like, which might leave residues interfering with adhesion of the zinc coating.
  • An exhaust stack 46 with a control damper 48 is provided to permit the escape of contaminants and combustion products from the preheat zone 2.
  • Preheating must be done at a high rate with very brief exposure to combustion products so that the amount of oxide formed on the strip surfaces is kept low. Small amounts of oxide can be reduced with relative ease in the reducing zone 3, but an excess of oxide is objectionable for obvious reasons.
  • the preheating done 2 In order to complete the preheating in a short time, the preheating done 2 must operate at a much higher temperature than is proper for galvanizing. For example, when heating the strip 1 from room temperature t-o 900 F., the ambient temperature of the preheating zone 2 must be around 2000o F. for a strip feeding rate of about 5000 pounds per hour per foot width over a preheating zone length of about 12 feet.
  • the portion of the strip in the preheating zone is protected during ⁇ slow down or stoppage by a furnace purging system.
  • the burners 45 of the preheat zone 2 are supplied with combustion air from a blower 60 through a primary main 62, control valve 65, headers 66 and burner connections 67. Restricted orifice fittings 68 are located in connections 67, however, if the burners provide substantially equal iiow, orifice fittings 68 may be unnecessary.
  • fuel in the form of neutral gas flows from supply line 70 at a suitable pressure through shutoff valve 71, solenoid operated gas Valve 72, pressure loaded regulating Valve 73, headers 74 and connections 75 to the burners 45.
  • Orifice ttings 76 or alternatively adjustable throttling valves at like locations, may be provided to develop suitable flow resistance for the fuel gas to maintain the correct air/fuel combustion ratio.
  • Line 77 extends from one of the air headers 66 to pressure regulator 73 to regulate fuel in the headers 74 in accordance with line air pressure, thus maintaining a constant air/fuel ratio over a considerable range of pressure.
  • Suitable ignition means (not shown) such as pilot burners would be installed in each burner 45.
  • the air and gas valves 65, 72 are maintained open and the temperature of the preheat zone 2. is regulated by a control pyrometer 80 connected through line 81 to a thermocouple 482 extending into the interior of the preheat zone 2.
  • a relay 83 is connected to the pyrometer 80 through lines 84, 85 and upon impulse due to a change in temperature directed by the thermocouple 82, will actuate the combustion air valve operator 86 through line 87 to open or close air valve 65 in accordance with the temperature requirements of the preheat zone 2.
  • Pressure regulator 73 is accordingly ad. justed to deliver fuel gas equal to the pressure in the air headers 66.
  • control damper 48 is'held open by its operator 88 which is connected to relay 83 through line S9.
  • the existing fuel system described is associated or has superimposed thereon a purging system generally indicated at 90.
  • the purging system 90 includes strip motion sensitive switch 91 preferably connected to one of the drive rolls for the strip.
  • a bypass line 93 connects at one end with the gas main line '70 and at the other end with a gas header 74.
  • a normally closed solenoid operated bypass control valve 94 is connected in the bypass line 93 for operation by the motion sensitive switch 91.
  • air valve control 86, normally open gas solenoid valve 72 and damper control l88 are actuated by the motion sensitive switch 91 through the relay 83 connected thereto by line 100.
  • the motion sensitive switch 91 will actuate control relay 83 to cause air valve 65, gas valve 72 and damper 48 to close ⁇ and simultaneously to cause bypass valve 94 to open introducing raw natural gas through the gas line headers 74, burner connections 75 and into the interior of the preheat zone 2 through the existing 4burners 45.
  • the damper 48 With the damper 48 closed, the preheat zone 2 is effectively closed to exclude air, and when a controlled ilow of raw natural gas is introduced, it quickly mixes with the residual combustion products from burners 45, and combustion products from the unextinguished pilot burners associated therewith to make the preheat zone reducing preventing oxidation of the strip surfaces.
  • the supplementary ow of the dissociated ammonia continues through opening 38 from the reducing zone 3 to further protect the strip from oxidation; Any air which might tend to leak in small openings of the furnace shell due to the shutdown of burners 45 is excluded by the overpressure caused by the rapid introduction of the raw gas and continued flow of dissociated ammonia. No spontaneous combustion or accidental explosion can take place since the percentage of free oxygen in the residual combustion products is well below that necessary to support combustion or provide an explosive mixture.
  • Regulator valve 95 in the bypass line 93 controls the amount of gas at a rate sucient to keep the concentration high and prevent entrance of substantial amounts of air.
  • pilot burners When pilot burners are used, they may continue to operate during periods of interrupted strip travel, so as to be ready to ignite the combustible mixture supplied to the burners upon resumption of operation.
  • the small volume of combustion products from the pilots is diluted by the emergency ⁇ atmosphere so that any oxidizing effect of such com-bustion products is substantially nullied.
  • switch 91 Upon resumption of strip movement, switch 91 restores air valve 65, gas valve 72 and damper 48 to the normally open position and simultaneously closes bypass valve 94.
  • the pilot burners which have remained ignited now initiate combustion. The resumption of operation takes place safely because air and gas are supplied to the burners in the proper mixture to support complete combustion and virtually no uncombined oxygen enters the preheat zone 2 which is momentarily rich in raw natural gas from the purging operation. Eventually the natural gas will be dissipated out the flue 46.
  • the invention utilizes nearly all of the piping of the existing fuel system for supplying the purging gas during shutdown and the burners themselves serve -as apertures for introducing the gas.
  • separate inlets may be provided independent of the burners.
  • Bypass valve 94 would then be arranged to control suitable piping leading to a manifold for such separate inlets.
  • the valve 94 woul-d be connected to the special atmosphere gas rather than to the main gas line 70, however, one of the chief advantages of the invention is that no special atmosphere supply is needed and the existing burner fuel is utilized as a purging atmosphere.
  • purging means comprising:
  • control system responsive to a reduction in a predetermined rate of strip travel for shutting off the fuel mixture supply of the fuel system and protective atmosphere means responsive to said control system to simultaneously introduce a gas into the heating chamber to prevent oxidation of the strip surfaces during said reduction in predetermined rate of travel.
  • a plurality of gas burners for heating said chambers, separate air and gas manifolds connected to each burner to supply the fuel mixture to sustain combustion during the predetermined rate of strip travel,
  • the existing burners and gas line connections being included in said protective atmosphere means whereby the protective atmosphere is the same gas used as fuel during the predetermined rate of strip travel.
  • a normally closed valve member situated in the bypass line responsive to said control system to open simultaneously with the closing of said air and gas valve members whereby said burners serve as nozzles for introducing the protective :atmosphere into the heating chamber.
  • bypass line connects across the gas valve in the existing gas line whereby the protective atmosphere is the same gas used as fuel during the predetermined rate of strip travel.
  • a purging system for preventing overoxdation of a portion of the strip due to stoppage in the preheating chamber comprising:
  • strip motion sensing means for detecting when normal strip movement is interrupted
  • normally open valve means controlled by said strip motion sensing means operable to close upon indication of strip stoppage and disconnect the air-gas supply to the preheating chamber
  • normally closed valve means controlled by the strip motion sensing means to open simultaneously upon indication of strip stoppage and connect a source of special atmosphere to said preheating chamber, the atmosphere being supplied at a rate sufficient to exclude the entry of outside air and prevent reaction of free oxygen with the strip surfaces whereby the portion of the strip which remains motionless in the preheating chamber is protected until normal operation can resume.
  • a bypass line connectable between the gas manifold and main supply is controlled by said normally closed valve means whereby the existing gas delivery lines serve alternatively to supply a protective atmosphere during strip stoppage.
  • the method of preventing overoxdation of a continuously moving metal strip due to the exposure of a portion thereof for a prolonged period to the hostile atmosphere in a direct-gas-iired heating chamber in the event of a stoppage comprising the step of shutting off the source of air to the gas heating means and simultaneously introducing a protective gas to render the hostile atmosphere neutral with respect to the strip metal until normal operation can resume.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US482381A 1965-08-25 1965-08-25 Emergency atmosphere annealing furnace and method Expired - Lifetime US3396951A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US482381A US3396951A (en) 1965-08-25 1965-08-25 Emergency atmosphere annealing furnace and method
GB33530/66A GB1115715A (en) 1965-08-25 1966-07-26 Treating continuous strip material
BE685459D BE685459A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-08-25 1966-08-12
ES0330384A ES330384A1 (es) 1965-08-25 1966-08-19 Sistema de horno de recocido con atmosfera acondicionada de urgencia.
SE11415/66A SE330898B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-08-25 1966-08-24

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US482381A US3396951A (en) 1965-08-25 1965-08-25 Emergency atmosphere annealing furnace and method

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Publication Number Publication Date
US3396951A true US3396951A (en) 1968-08-13

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ID=23915835

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US482381A Expired - Lifetime US3396951A (en) 1965-08-25 1965-08-25 Emergency atmosphere annealing furnace and method

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US3396951A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE685459A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES330384A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1115715A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE330898B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148946A (en) * 1977-02-14 1979-04-10 Armco Steel Corporation Method for maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere at positive pressure within the metallic strip preparation furnace of a metallic coating line during line stops
US4210097A (en) * 1977-02-14 1980-07-01 Armco Inc. Means for maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere at positive pressure within the metallic strip preparation furnace of a metallic coating line during line stops

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3430205C1 (de) * 1984-08-17 1986-03-27 Otto Junker Gmbh, 5107 Simmerath Schleuse fuer Gluehofenanlagen

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648531A (en) * 1949-11-26 1953-08-11 Young Brothers Company Wire enameling oven
US2991989A (en) * 1958-03-10 1961-07-11 Midland Ross Corp Convection strip heater and control therefor
US3269714A (en) * 1964-02-17 1966-08-30 United States Steel Corp Continuous heat treating apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648531A (en) * 1949-11-26 1953-08-11 Young Brothers Company Wire enameling oven
US2991989A (en) * 1958-03-10 1961-07-11 Midland Ross Corp Convection strip heater and control therefor
US3269714A (en) * 1964-02-17 1966-08-30 United States Steel Corp Continuous heat treating apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148946A (en) * 1977-02-14 1979-04-10 Armco Steel Corporation Method for maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere at positive pressure within the metallic strip preparation furnace of a metallic coating line during line stops
US4210097A (en) * 1977-02-14 1980-07-01 Armco Inc. Means for maintaining a non-oxidizing atmosphere at positive pressure within the metallic strip preparation furnace of a metallic coating line during line stops

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE330898B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-12-07
GB1115715A (en) 1968-05-29
BE685459A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-01-16
ES330384A1 (es) 1967-06-16

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