US3396013A - Beryllium-containing maraging steel - Google Patents

Beryllium-containing maraging steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3396013A
US3396013A US535849A US53584966A US3396013A US 3396013 A US3396013 A US 3396013A US 535849 A US535849 A US 535849A US 53584966 A US53584966 A US 53584966A US 3396013 A US3396013 A US 3396013A
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beryllium
steels
toughness
strength
steel
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Expired - Lifetime
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US535849A
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John R Mihalisin
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Huntington Alloys Corp
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International Nickel Co Inc
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Priority to US535849A priority Critical patent/US3396013A/en
Priority to GB9921/67A priority patent/GB1106950A/en
Priority to FR99512A priority patent/FR1515452A/fr
Priority to BE695848D priority patent/BE695848A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3396013A publication Critical patent/US3396013A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
    • C22C38/105—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt containing Co and Ni

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A ferrous-base alloy containing at least nickel, cobalt, molybdenum and beryllium, the alloy being characterized by high strength and toughness.
  • the present invention relates to ferrous-base alloys and more particularly to a novel beryllium-containing, maraging steel characterized by good toughness at high levels of tensile strength.
  • FIGURES 1 through depict curves representing the effect of beryllium on various mechanical properties.
  • the present invention contemplates 3,395,013 Patented Aug. 6, 1968 maraging steels of the following composition, based on weight percent: about 6% to 20% nickel, about 1% to 15% molybdenum, about 2% to 20% cobalt, from 0.01% to 0.09% beryllium and most advantageously not more than 0.05% or 0.06% beryllium, up to 0.05% carbon, up to 0.5% aluminum, up to 0.5% manganese, up to 0.5% silicon, and the balance essentially iron.
  • Titanium can be present in an amount up to 1% but is not essential. Thus, where it might be desirable to use only very small amounts of titanium or to avoid the use thereof entirely, say, in applications requiring steels of heavy section, this can be readily accomplished in accordance herewith. In this connection, it has been found that to increase the yield strength of maraging steels otherwise contemplated herein by a predetermined amount requires a titanium content approximately six to seven times the required amount of beryllium.
  • supplemental elements can be present within the following ranges: up to 2% tantalum, up to 2% columbium, up to 2% vanadium, up to 4% copper, up to 0.1% boron and up to 0.25% zirconium, the total sum of these supplemental constituents not exceeding about 7%.
  • boron and zirconium should be less than 0.01% and 0.1%, respectively.
  • up to 5% chromium can be employed and the molybdenum can be replaced in whole or in part by an equal atomic percentage of tungsten; however, molybdenum is more advantageous since it contributes to improved forgeability characteristics.
  • Calcium and/or magnesium can be used in accordance with good deoxidation practice. When the steels are produced by air melting, calcium can be used to advantage since it fixes various elements, such as sulfur.
  • the steels should be prepared using materials of relatively high purity and/ or selected scrap as the basic melting charge. While air melting techniques can be used, vacuum melting is preferred for optimum notch strength and resistance to impact. Ingots obtained upon solidification should be rather thoroughly homogenized by soaking at temperatures of about 2100 F. to 2300" F. followed by hot working and, if desired, cold Worked to desired size. 'Prior to aging, the steels should be solution annealed at temperatures of from about 1400 F. to about 1600 F., although temperatures up to 2000 F. can be used particularly when the amount of molybdenum is at the higher end of its range. While an annealing treatment is not mandatory, it provides greater assurance of obtaining reproducible properties.
  • martensite .(or martensitic) refers to steels having a structure of martensite (or substantially martensitic) in both the solution annealed condition and in the aged condition.
  • the transformation from austenite to martensite is normally accomplished by cooling through the M M, transformation range to room temperature (from the annealing temperature).
  • cold treatments can be utilized; for example, the steels can be refrigerated as by cooling down to temperatures of about minus 100 F. or lower. Cold working (with or without refrigeration) prior to aging can also be used to effect the completion of transformation to martensite.
  • the aging treatment should be conducted over the temperature range of about 800 F. to about 1000 F. for from one-half hour to about 50 hours, the longer periods being used with the lower temperatures. Aging from 850 F. to 950 F. for about one to 24 hours, e.g., three hours at 900 F., is beneficial. Aging above 1000" F. should be avoided; otherwise, retention of undesirable austenite can result.
  • a most suitable steel contains about 18% nickel, 5% molybdenum, 8% cobalt, 0.05% beryllium, 0.015% aluminum, and 0.02% carbon.
  • the instant invention is particularly useful in applications requiring combinations of high strength and toughness.
  • Illustrative uses include fasteners such as bolts and the like, pressure vessels, wrenches, tools, machine parts to be subjected to stress, bearing components, etc.
  • the steels can be produced in a variety of forms, including plate, bar, rod, sheet, castings, etc.
  • yield strength (Y.S.) and notch tensile strength (N.T.S.) are given in thousands of pounds per square inch (k.s.i.), the tensile ductility (elongation) and reduction in area values are given in percent (EL, percent and R.A., percent, respectively) and the Charpy V-notch values (C.V.N.) are given in foot-pounds (ft.-lbs.).
  • a maraging steel consisting essentially of about 6% to 20% nickel, about 1% to 15% molybdenum, about 2% to 20% cobalt, about 0.01% to 0.09% beryllium, up to 0.05 carbon, up to 0.5% aluminum, up to 1% titanium, up to 0.5 manganese, up to 0.5 silicon, up to 2% tantalum, up to 2% columbium, up to 2% vanadium, up to 4% copper, up to 0.1% boron, up to 0.25% zirconium, the sum of the tantalum, columbium, vanadium, copper, boron and zirconium not exceeding 7%, up to 5% chromium, and the balance essentially iron.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US535849A 1966-03-21 1966-03-21 Beryllium-containing maraging steel Expired - Lifetime US3396013A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US535849A US3396013A (en) 1966-03-21 1966-03-21 Beryllium-containing maraging steel
GB9921/67A GB1106950A (en) 1966-03-21 1967-03-02 Steel
FR99512A FR1515452A (fr) 1966-03-21 1967-03-20 Aciers pouvant être durcis par vieillissement à l'état martensitioques
BE695848D BE695848A (en:Method) 1966-03-21 1967-03-21

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US535849A US3396013A (en) 1966-03-21 1966-03-21 Beryllium-containing maraging steel

Publications (1)

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US3396013A true US3396013A (en) 1968-08-06

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US535849A Expired - Lifetime US3396013A (en) 1966-03-21 1966-03-21 Beryllium-containing maraging steel

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US (1) US3396013A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE695848A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR1515452A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1106950A (en:Method)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4319934A (en) * 1979-01-31 1982-03-16 Snap-On Tools Corporation Method of forming tools from alloy steel for severe cold forming
US4832909A (en) * 1986-12-22 1989-05-23 Carpenter Technology Corporation Low cobalt-containing maraging steel with improved toughness
US5928442A (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-07-27 Snap-On Technologies, Inc. Medium/high carbon low alloy steel for warm/cold forming
US20060081309A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2006-04-20 Gainsmart Group Limited Ultra-high strength weathering steel and method for making same
US20170198381A1 (en) * 2014-06-20 2017-07-13 Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc Ferrous Alloy
RU2686706C1 (ru) * 2018-06-01 2019-04-30 Общество с ограниченной отвественностью "Лаборатория специальной металлургии" (ООО "Ласмет") Мартенситностареющая высокопрочная сталь 01Н18К9М5Т

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5161B1 (en:Method) * 1967-09-18 1976-01-05

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093519A (en) * 1961-01-03 1963-06-11 Int Nickel Co Age-hardenable, martensitic iron-base alloys
US3132937A (en) * 1962-06-11 1964-05-12 Int Nickel Co Cast steel
US3132938A (en) * 1962-08-06 1964-05-12 Int Nickel Co Aged steel
US3243285A (en) * 1962-02-05 1966-03-29 Int Nickel Co High strength welding materials

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3093519A (en) * 1961-01-03 1963-06-11 Int Nickel Co Age-hardenable, martensitic iron-base alloys
US3243285A (en) * 1962-02-05 1966-03-29 Int Nickel Co High strength welding materials
US3132937A (en) * 1962-06-11 1964-05-12 Int Nickel Co Cast steel
US3132938A (en) * 1962-08-06 1964-05-12 Int Nickel Co Aged steel

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4319934A (en) * 1979-01-31 1982-03-16 Snap-On Tools Corporation Method of forming tools from alloy steel for severe cold forming
US4832909A (en) * 1986-12-22 1989-05-23 Carpenter Technology Corporation Low cobalt-containing maraging steel with improved toughness
US5928442A (en) * 1997-08-22 1999-07-27 Snap-On Technologies, Inc. Medium/high carbon low alloy steel for warm/cold forming
US20060081309A1 (en) * 2003-04-08 2006-04-20 Gainsmart Group Limited Ultra-high strength weathering steel and method for making same
US20170198381A1 (en) * 2014-06-20 2017-07-13 Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc Ferrous Alloy
US10351944B2 (en) * 2014-06-20 2019-07-16 Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc Ferrous alloy
RU2686706C1 (ru) * 2018-06-01 2019-04-30 Общество с ограниченной отвественностью "Лаборатория специальной металлургии" (ООО "Ласмет") Мартенситностареющая высокопрочная сталь 01Н18К9М5Т

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1515452A (fr) 1968-03-01
BE695848A (en:Method) 1967-09-21
GB1106950A (en) 1968-03-20

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