US3391479A - Laminations - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3391479A
US3391479A US513046A US51304665A US3391479A US 3391479 A US3391479 A US 3391479A US 513046 A US513046 A US 513046A US 51304665 A US51304665 A US 51304665A US 3391479 A US3391479 A US 3391479A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dye
color
dichroic dye
dyed
stripe
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US513046A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold O Buzzell
Phoebe F Jordan
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Polaroid Corp
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Polaroid Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US513046A priority Critical patent/US3391479A/en
Priority to FR59564A priority patent/FR1479623A/fr
Priority to GB54590/66A priority patent/GB1167519A/en
Priority to DE19661646240 priority patent/DE1646240B1/de
Priority to FR86933A priority patent/FR92509E/fr
Priority to BE691000D priority patent/BE691000A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3391479A publication Critical patent/US3391479A/en
Priority to JP51102507A priority patent/JPS5233519B1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B42D25/391—Special inks absorbing or reflecting polarised light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/23—Identity cards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/309—Photographs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/42—Structural details
    • G03C8/423—Structural details for obtaining security documents, e.g. identification cards
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/42—Structural details
    • G03C8/44—Integral units, i.e. the image-forming section not being separated from the image-receiving section
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer
    • B42D2033/04—
    • B42D2033/20—
    • B42D2033/30—
    • B42D2033/32—
    • B42D2035/02—
    • B42D2035/06—
    • B42D2035/08—
    • B42D2035/20—
    • B42D2035/24—
    • B42D2035/30—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT F THE DHSCLOSURE This invention relates to a novel security device for printed matter and the like.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the process involving the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the product possessing the features, properties, and relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed disclosure, and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the appended claims.
  • FIGURE 1 represents a split-field light-polarizing device suitable for examining and analyzing larninations prepared in accordance with the instant invention
  • FIG. 2 represents an identification card having laminated thereto a substantially transparent molecularly oriented overlay containing a stripe dyed with a positive dichroic dye, and a superposcd split-field light pol'arizer;
  • FIG. 3 represents an identification card having laminated thereto a substantially transparent imolecuiarly oriented overlay containing a stripe dyed with a negative dichroic dye, and a superposed split-field light polarizer;
  • FIG. 4 represents an identification card of the present invention having laminated thereto a substantially transparent moiecularly oriented overlay containing a stripe dyed with a mixture of a positive and a negative dichroic dye, and a superposed split-field light polarizer;
  • FIG. 5 represents an identification card having laminated thereto a substantially transparent molecularly oriented overlay containing a stripe dyed with an isotropic dye, and a superposed split-field light polarizer;
  • FIG. 6 represents an identication card of the present invention having laminated thereto a substantially transparent molecularly oriented overlay containing a stripe dyed with a mixture of an isotropic dye and a positive dichroic dye, and a superposed split-field light polarizer;
  • FIG. 7 represents an identification card of the present invention having laminated thereto a substantially transparent molecularly oriented overlay containing a stripe ice dyed with a mixture of an isotropic dye and a negative dichroic dye, and a superposed split-held light polarizer;
  • dichroism is used herein and in the claims as meaning the property of differential absorption of the components of an incident beam of light depending upon the vibration directions of the components.
  • dichroic dye or stain is meant a dye or stain whose molecules possess the property of showing dichroism. In the practice of the present invention, this dichroi-c property is displayed when the dyes are incorporated in molecularly oriented plastic materials in that the resulting stained areas show dichroism.
  • a dichroic dye or stain has relatively, a light absorption axis and a light transmission axis, the two axes being arranged essentially at right angles to each other. Unpolarized light incident on such a substance will have a transmitted component and an absorbed component. The transmitted component will be polarizedin the plane of the transmission axis, which as indicated is located at to the absorption axis.
  • the absorption axis of certain dichroic materials is located at an angle of 90 with respect to the absorption axis of ⁇ certain other dichoric materials when lplaced in a common matrix.
  • This difference in the positioning of the absorption axes causes a dichroic substance to be designated as positively dichroic or negatively dicnroic in accordance with the 3 location of its absorpition axis; in other words, positive and negative dichroic substances have their absorption axes mutually perpendicular in a common matrix.
  • optical density measurements made in plane polarized light. The consideration of these measurements will lead to an understanding of the terms positively dichroic and negatively dichroic.
  • the optical density of the stain or dye is first measured in polarized light with the orientation direction of the molecules of the plastic material parallel to the electric vector (vibration direction) of the polarized light source. This measuremerit is called d-parallel (written 1
  • a second measurenient of optical density is made in polarized light but with the direction of the molecules of the plastic material perpendicular to the electric vector.
  • d-perpendicular This is termed d-perpendicular (written d L).
  • d L This is termed d-perpendicular
  • the present invention is based on the phenomenon that when a positive and a negative dichroic dye having different colors are mixed, e.g., in Solution, while the resulting color reflects the additive elfects of the color of each dye, neither dye loses its negative or positive character.
  • a suitably oriented transparent plastic niaterial is dyed or stained with a mixture of a positive dichroic stain or dye and a negative dichroic stain or dye, and the area so dyed or stained is viewed in polarized light the vibration direction of which is parallel to the orientation direction of the molecules of the plastic material, the original color of the positive dichroic dye will be observed to predominate, with the original color of the negative dichroic dye substantially eliminated, Further, if the same area is viewed in polarized light the vibration direction of which is perpendicular to the orientation direction ofthe plastic material, the original color of the negative dichroic dye will be observed to predominate,
  • the mixture is an isotropic and a positive dicnroic dye
  • the color of the positive dichroic dye is substantially eliminated and the color observed is substantially that of the isotropic dye alone; it" viewed in polarized light the vibration direction of which is parallel to the orientation direction of the plastic material, the color observed will be substantially the same as that of the original mixture, but somewhat darker in intensity.
  • the mixture is an isotropic and a negative dichroic dye
  • the area s0 dyed is viewed in polarized light the vibration direction of which is parallel to the orientation direction of the plastic material
  • the color of the negative dichroic dye is substantially eliminated and the color observed is Substantially that of the isotropic dye alone; if viewed in polarized light the vibration direction of which is perpendicular to the orientation direction of the plastic material, the color observed will be substantially the same as that of the original mixture, but somewhat darker in intensi-ty.
  • the overlay comprises at least in part a molecularly oriented light polarizer renders most valterations of the lamination, such as cutting and subsequent re-sealing, or heat or solvent action, readily detectable, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 451,895 referred to above.
  • the dyed light-polarizing area will have -a definite hue and intensity which in and of itself renders the card distinctive.
  • a card so treated is unique, in that at least a portion of its surface will be stained a distinctive color which, while appearing to the naked eye to be a single color, is readily resolved into two different colors by incident polarized light.
  • any polarized light source can be used to provide an analyzer for cards treated as above.
  • a substantially transparent light polarizer many of which are well known, a polarizing sunglass, for example. If the cards of this invention are simply viewedthrough such a device, one of the two component colors will be observed, depending upon whether the vibration direction is parallel or perpendicular to the orientation direction of the polarizing portion of the card overlay; when the analyzer is rotated through 90, the remaining component color is rendered apparent.
  • a split-field polarizer that is, a planar light polarizing element comprising two sections joined together in the same plane, the vibration direction of one section being perpendicular to that of the other.
  • dichroic dye light-polarizing areas incorporated into laminations comprising identification cards, credit cards, and the like, in accordance with this invention will be readily understood by referring to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIGURE 1 represents a polarized light analyzer comprising a split-field planar light-polarizing device.
  • a polarized light analyzer comprising a split-field planar light-polarizing device.
  • Such a device may comprise any of the many known and commercially available light-polarizing materials, such as iodine-containing molecularly oriented polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose-based polarizers, or even two Nicol prisms appropriately fused together. It may also comprise a dichroic dye polarizer.
  • the upper half 8 of the polarizer has a vibration direction, indicated by the position of thearrows, which is perpendicular to that of the lower portion 9.
  • the analyzer may be positioned in any manner desired; however, for purposes of illustration in the remaining gures to be explained below, it will be assumed that in each instance, the analyzer is positioned as shown in Example l.
  • FIGS. 2 through 8 represent a series of identification cards, each of which has laminated thereto a substantially transparent, molecularly oriented overlay containing a particularly dyed stripe, and each of which has super' posed thereon an analyzer as described above.
  • the orientation direction of the molecules of the plastic overlay is vertical
  • FIG. 2 represents a' card 10 having an overlay containing a stripe formed of a single, positive dichroic dye.
  • a stripe formed of a single, positive dichroic dye.
  • a stripe will have a given color, blue, for example, indicated at the upper and lower portions 12 of the stripe.
  • the color in the upper portion 13 is substantially reduced or eliminated altogether, in accordance with the principles of positive dichroism previously discussed; the color in the lower portion 14 is somewhat intensified by the inherent darkening effect of the light-polarizing analyzer, for example, to a deeper blue.
  • FIG. 3 represents a lamination similar to that of FIG. 2, except that the dyed stripe is formed of a negative dichroic dye of a given color, yellow, for example, indicated at the upper and lower portion 15 of the stripe.
  • the effect is just the opposite of that shown in FIG. l; that is, the color in the lower portion 17 of the analyzer is substantially reduced or eliminated, while the color observed through the upper portion 16 of the analyzer appears l more intense, for example, as a deeper yellow.
  • FIG. 4 represents a lamination within the scope of this invention, similar to those of FIGS. 2 vand 3, except that the dyed stripe comprises a mixture. of a positive dichroic dye, and a negative dichroic dye of a different color.
  • the particular dyes employed are similar in color to those mentioned in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3, that is, a blue positive dichroic dye and a yellow negative dichroic dye.
  • a blue positive dichroic dye and a yellow negative dichroic dye To the naked eye, as shown at the upper and lower portion 18 of the stripe, such as a stripe would exhibit the color achieved by a mixture of blue and yellow, namely, green.
  • the mixture is broken into its color components in accordance with the principles given above.
  • the color observed through the upper portion 19 of the analyzer will be yellow; thecolor observed through the lower portion 20 will be blue.
  • FIG. 5 represents a lamination similar to that of FIGS. 2 and 3, except that the dyed stripe is formed of an isotropic, i.e., non-dichroic dye of a given color.
  • the colors observed in both the upper portion 22 and lower portion 23 are identical, and are substantially identical to the color of the stripe 12 as seen to the naked eye, except that they may be somewhat darker or deeper in intensity, owing to any light-decreasing etect of the analyzer itself.
  • FIG. 6 represents a lamination within the scope of the invention, similar to those of the foregoing tigures, except that the dyed stripe comprises a mixture of a positive dichroic dye and an isotropic dye; for purposes of illustration, it will be assumed that the positive dichroic dye is blue in color, and the isotropic dye, yellow. To the naked eye, as represented by the upper and lower portions 24 of the dyed stripe, the color 'observed is green. When observed through analyzer 11, however, while the lower portion 26 will exhibit a darker or more intense green, in the upper portion the color of the positive ichroic dye will be substantially excluded, and the color observed will be not green, but yellow.
  • FIG. 7 represents a lamination within the scope of this invention similar to that of FIG. 6, except that the dyed stripe comprises a mixture ofa negative dichroic dye and an isotropic dye; for purposes of illustration, it will be assumed that the negative dichroic dye is red in col-or, and the isotropic dye, yellow. To the naked eye, as represented by the upper and lower portions 27 of the dyed stripe, the color is orange. When viewed through analyzer v11, however, while the upper portion 28 will exhibit a darker or more intense orange, in the lower portion 29,
  • the color of the negative dichroic dye will be substantially excluded, and the color observed will not be orange, but yellow.
  • FIG. 8 represents a lamination within the scope of this invention similar to that of the foregoing figures, except that the dyed stripe comprises a single double dichroic dye of a given color, violet for example.
  • the dyed stripe comprises a single double dichroic dye of a given color, violet for example.
  • the violet color is observed.
  • two separate and distinct colors are observed in areas 31 and 32, tan and blue, for example.
  • The' pol'arizer-containing overlay for lamination to information-bearing cards or the like in accordance with this invention may comprise any molecularly oriented, substantially transparent material which is dyeable with dichroic dyes, such as oriented polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylene, cellulose, or glass.
  • dichroic dyes such as oriented polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol-polyvinylene, cellulose, or glass.
  • the dyes are applied to such materials in accordance with techniques well known to the art of vectography.
  • one convenient way for applying the dye is to provide a dye solution comprising the desired dye mixture or single double-dichroic dye, and further, providing an absorbent wick of felt, sponge, or the like.
  • One end of the wick is allowed to remain in the dye so'lution and the other, allowed to protrude from the dye bath in such a way that the film to be dyed can be passed or propelled over and in Contact therewith.
  • the free end of the wick thus paints a continuous stripe on lthe tilm.
  • the concentrations of the ingredients, solvents, working temperatures, pH, etc. must be adjusted in accordance with well-known chromatographic techniques so as to insure that both dyes are absorbed by the wick at about the same rate.
  • the intensity of the dyed area can be as high or low as desired, and can readily be controlled by varying such .a yi
  • the dyed area should be intense enough to render the various colors and the components thereof readily apparent, but it should not be so dark as to obscure the printed indicia.
  • the actual intensity of the area will depend in part upon the particular color, a very intense yellow, for example, being satisfactory while darker colors, such as brown or black would have to be considerably lighter.
  • the dyed overlay material comprises polyvinyl alcohol
  • a simple means of achieving this is to wash the dyed surface prior to lamination with a solution of a suitable cross-linking or hardening agent, such as boric acid.
  • a suitable cross-linking or hardening agent such as boric acid.
  • the dyed area may have a given contiguration in the overlay, so as to comprise a distinctive shape, insignia, word, etc.
  • the dye or dyes selected would be printed directly onto the oriented plastic overlay in accordance with well-known vectographic procedures.
  • dichroic dyes are printed onto molecularly oriented polymeric overlays, as opposed to being painted on as described supra, it is generally necessary to enhance the dye receptivity of the overlay sheet by mercerization with sodium hydroxide as described above, or by using7 other known vectograph mordanting procedures.
  • the present invention is especially well-suited to use in connection with identification cards or badges, which cards or badges frequently comprise photographic likenesses of their holders or bearers, togcther with other identifying indicia.
  • Conventional photographs, the surfaces of which are generally gelatin or modied gelatin may be affixed to polarizer-containing overlays with the aid of a transparent, pressure-sensitive adhesive such as Kleenstik adhesive (commercially available from National Starch and Chemical Corporation, Newark, NJ.) or epoxy resins; of particular ellicacy in thisrespect arc polymeric adhesives such as Eastman 910 8 cement, a cyano-acrylate polymer, commercially available from Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa.
  • Kleenstik adhesive commercially available from National Starch and Chemical Corporation, Newark, NJ.
  • epoxy resins of particular ellicacy in thisrespect arc polymeric adhesives such as Eastman 910 8 cement, a cyano-acrylate polymer, commercially available from Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa.
  • the identification card or badge contains a photographic likeness of its holder
  • a blaclt-and-white photographic image is sought, are silver transfer images of the type which may be produced by applying a processing composition containing a silver halide developing agent and a silver halide solvent to a photoexposed photosensitive silver halide element and an image-receptive element that are in superposed relation.
  • composition acts to reduce exposed-silver halide to silver, to react with unreduced silver halide to form a water soluble, complex silver salt, and to transfer it to the image-receptive element, and there, reduce it to silver.
  • photographic materials useful in the production of the foregoing type of photographic silver images are described in detail in US. Patent No. 2,543,181, issued in the naine of Edwin H. Land on Feb. 27, 1951, and in U.S. Patent No. 2,647,056, issued in the name of Edwin H. Land on July 28, 1953.
  • a typical process employing such materials a processing composition containing a viscous aqueous solution of a silver halide developing agent, a silver halide solvent and an alkali is spread in uniformly thin layer between the superposed surfaces of the photoexposed gelatino silver halide stratum of a photoscnsitive element and the silver-receptive stratum of an image-receptive element
  • the elements are mainte-.ined in superposed relation for a predetermined period ordinarily of approximately 10 to 120 seconds in duration, during which exposed silver halide is reduced to silver and unreduced silver halide forms a water soluble, complex silver salt which diffuses through the layer of composition to the image-receptive stratum, where, upon being reduced to silver, it forms a silver print.
  • the photosensitive element preferably together with the solidified layer of processing composition, is stripped from the image-receptive element.
  • Image-receptive strata of the foregoing type include silver precipitating nuclei dispersed in a macroscopically continuous vehicle comprising sub-macroscopic agglomerates of minute particles of a water insolule inorganic, preferably siliceous material such as silica aerogel. Silver grains precipitated in the foregoing manner are concentrated primarily at the surface of the stratum. This stratum, both before and after receiving these precipitated silver grains, is extremely thin, preferably being approximately 1 to 8 microns thick. Materials of the foregoing type are specifically described in U.S. Patents Nos. 2,698,237 and 2,698,245, issued to Edwin H. Land on Dec.
  • Silver transfer prints of the aforementioned type can be affixed to any of the previously described polarizing materials by way of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. It is also possible, however, to laminate such prints to certain polarizers in a security seal, that is, a seal which cannot be broken or tampered with without immediately clearly rendering obvious the intrusion by destroying or detacing the photographic likeness. T-hus, not only is the surface of the lamination protected from intrusion by the polarizer, but also, the lamination cannot be separated from behind without being easily detected.
  • the polarizer comprises a hydroxylated polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, or hydrolyzed cellulose acetate, and is laminated to the transfer print by way of an interlayer which comprises ⁇ a copolymer of vmethyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride.
  • color photographs of this nature can be prepared by diffusion transfer processes, wherein a sheet of photosensitive material is exposed to create therein ⁇ a latent image. The latent image is developed and, concurrent with an under the control of this development, an imagewise distribution of color-providing materials is formed. At least a portion of these color-providing materials is transferred by means of an alkaline aqueous processing liqnid to a superposed image-receiving layer to form a colored positive image thereon.
  • the image-receiving elements used in such processes generally comprise an opaque or tr-ansparent support coated with an image-receiving layer of a dyeable material which is permeable to the alkaline aqueous processing solution.
  • the dyeable material generally comprises a film-forming material such as polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl yalcohol-polyvinyl pyridine.
  • the image-receiving layer may also include other materials useful in diffusion transfer processes, such as dye mordants, antifoggants, oxidizing agents, and acids and alkalies for pH adjustment.
  • color photo graphs of the aforementioned type may be affixed to any of the polarizing materials previously described via commercially available pressure-sensitive adhesives.
  • the particular polarizing material selected comprises a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer, it is also possible to provide a security-sealed lamination by simply wetting the diffusion transfer color print, either with water or.
  • the information-bearing surfaces are not limited to those described previously, but may comprises virtually -any material which is capable of being printed on Or otherwise impregnated with any desired data. Care must be taken, however, where the surface comprises a synthetic resinous material to select an adhesive bond, or interlayer which forms a good bond not only to the polarizer Ibut to the particular information-bearing surface as well.
  • the final card be embossable with certain information, such as with the holders name, address or code number.
  • embossed cards may be placed in a small imprinter whereby the embossed indicia are applied .to a receipt form or the like.
  • Such cards are generally termed self-writing since they eliminate the time that would Lbe required to manually imprint the necessary indicia on the receipt form.
  • Embossed or embossable cards may be prepared which incorporate a light-polarizing element and which are thus provided with the security feature described above.
  • Such cards preferably comprise a liexible information-bearing layer such as paper or a photo-graph, to which is bonded a flexible light-polarizing element, such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer.
  • a flexible light-polarizing element such as a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizer.
  • An additional transparent layer is then bonded to the surface lamination, which comprises a synthetic material capable of providing stable, sharp-edge raised letters or numerals as a result of a suitable embossing procedure, the techniques for which are well known to the art.
  • Synthetic films of the aforementioned nature are conventionally known as rigid vinyl or semi-rigid vinyl, and generally comprise polyvinyl chloride, or blends or copolymers of polyvinyl chloride and polyvinyl acetate.
  • the use of transparent nonpolarizing films laminated over the polarizing element to polarizer-protected information surfaces is not limited to those instances wherein an embossable lamination is desired.
  • the transparent nonpolarizing film may comprise any substantially transparent material, such as synthetic resins such as polystyrene, or glass, depending in part upon the desired flexibility of the final protected lamination.
  • Example 1 A dye bath was prepared comprising 30.0 g. of Acid Blue 170 (trade name Cibalan Blue BLR), a negative dichroic dye, and 2.0 g. of Direct Red 117, color index 28230 (trade name Diazamine Light Red 7B), a positive dichroic dye, dissolved in 600 cc. of watenA felt wick, measuring about 8 inches in length and about 3/8 inch in width, was suspended in such a way that its lower end was in the dye bath.
  • Acid Blue 170 trade name Cibalan Blue BLR
  • Direct Red 117, color index 28230 trade name Diazamine Light Red 7B
  • the dyed surface was washed "with a 1% aqueous solution of lboric acid and vacuum dried at room temperature. Thereafter, the same surface was coated at room temperature with a 1% solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and dried.
  • a diffusion transfer color photographic image was made using Polaroid Polacolor Land Film, Type 108, and a Polaroid Automatic Model camera.
  • the imagereceptive layer together with its superposed photosensi- 1l tive element was pulled from the cantera; the elements were maintained in superposed position for about sixty seconds, after which they were stripped apart.
  • the image-receiving surface was -still fresh and wet, it was pressed firmly against the polyvinyl alcohol surface of the dyed overlay prepared as above, and the excess overlay trimmed away. After a period of about minutes, an attempt was made to separate the lamination; it was found that the image layer adhered rmly to the overlay in a security seal.
  • the stripe which resulted across the photograph appeared to the naked eye to be violet in color.
  • the stripe was then observed through a neutral color linear polarizer having a transmission of about 38%, commercially available from Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, Mass. 02139, as rType HN 38 sheet, placed in such a way that its vibration direction was parallel to the direction of orientation of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol; the color of the stripe so observed was red.
  • The'sarne polarizer was rotated through 90, during which the color of the stripe was observed to change to violet and then finally to blue.
  • ⁇ vVhen the same stripe was observed through a split-'held polarizer made from the same Type HN 38 sheet and oriented with respect to the lamination as shown in FIG. 2 through 8 described above, the upper portion ofthe stripe appeared red and provided a sharp contrast with the lower portion thereof, which appeared blue.
  • Polyvinyl alcohol lms backed with cellulose acetate butyrate via intermediate layers of cellulose nitrate and cellulose nitrate/hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol may be prepared in accordance with the teachings contained in U.S. Patent No. 2,362,580, issued Nov. 14, 1944 and 2,- 541,478, issued Feb. 13, 1951, to Gale F. Nadeau and Clemens B. Starck, and U.S. Patent No. 2,835,609, issued May 20, 1958 to Clemens B. Starck, Gale F. Nadeau, and Carl F. Smith.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of xample 1 was followed using the same materials except that the dye bath comprised 5 1g. of Acid Yellow 152 (trade name Calcofast Neutral Yellow 3R"), a negative dichroic dye, and 1.5 g. of Direct Blue-l, color index 24410 (trade name Niagara Sky Blue 6B), a positive dichroic dye, dissolved in 200 cc. of water and 50 cc. of ethanol.
  • the stripe in the resulting lamination was given to the naked eye.
  • EXA MPLE 3 The procedure of Examples l and 2 was followed using the same materials, except that the dye bath comprised 37.5 g. of Acid Yellow 152, the same negative dichroic dye as was used in Example 2, and 2.5 g. of Direct Red 117, the same positive dichroic dye as was used in Example 1, dissolved in 500 cc. of water and 100 cc. of ethanol. The stripe in the resulting lamination was orange to the naked eye. When observed through the same neutral polarizer as was employed in Examples 1 and 2, placed in such a way that its vibration direction was parallel to the direction of orientation of the stretched polyvinyl alcohol, the stripe color was noted to appear red.
  • the dye bath comprised 37.5 g. of Acid Yellow 152, the same negative dichroic dye as was used in Example 2, and 2.5 g. of Direct Red 117, the same positive dichroic dye as was used in Example 1, dissolved in 500 cc. of water and 100 cc. of ethanol.
  • the stripe in the resulting lamination was orange to
  • diiierent colored isotropic dyes which are suitable for the last-mentioned purpose, mention may be made of:
  • certain dyes have been found to exhibit double dichroism by themselves. Thus, for example, it has been observed that if a piece of molecularly oriented polyvinyl alcohol sheet is stained with a dye commercially designated as Pilate Fast BlackWAN, to the naked eye, the color observed is deep violet. However, when the sheet observed through one portion of the polarizer is royal blue, the other, tan.
  • a portion of the transparent wall through which the information-bearing surface is viewed may comprise a split-held polarizer superposed over the dyed portion of the card itself, in such a way as to provide a built-in analyzer.
  • the various colors employed together with all of the components thereof are thereby rendered simultaneously visible, without any ancillary device.
  • counterfeit badges readily ascertainable by virtue of the color scheme, but also, alterations to the lamination itself can be detected by the resutling discontinuity of light reiiected therefrom.
  • overlays used in accordance with the teachings contained herein need not have only a single dyed area, but may comprise a plurality of dyed areas of the same or different colors.
  • an identification card may be provided with an overlay having two dyed stripes of different colors each of which may comprise any of the dyes or dye combinations described above; such stripes may each comprise different dyes or dye mixtures, or if desired, may each comprise a first dye common to both stripes, along with a second dye which differs as between the two stripes.
  • a laminar structure comprising a rst layer which comprises a photographic image formed in polyvinyl alcohol; a second layer bonded to the image-bearing surface of said photographic print which comprises a substantially transparent sheet-like element comprising molecularly oriented polyvinyl lalcohol at least a portion of which is light-polarizing, which light-polarizing portion comprises a composition selected from the group consisting of mixtures comprising a positive dichroic dye and a negative dichroic dye of a color different from that of said positive dichroic dye with which said negative dichroic dye is mixed, mixtures comprising a positive dichroic dye and and an isotropic dye of a color dierent from thatl of said positive dichroic dye with which said isotropic dye is mixed, mixtures comprising .a negative dichroic dye and an isotropic dye of a color dif-ferent from that of said negative dichroic dye with which said isotropic dye is mixed, and double-dichroic dyes; a third layer comprising
  • said light-polarizing portion of said molecularly oriented polyvinyl alcohol comprises a mixture of Acid Yellow 152 and Direct Blue l.
  • a polarizer-protected identification card comprising a laminar structure comprising a rst layer having an information-bearing surface, ⁇ and a second layer axed to said information-bearing surface of said informationbearing surface of said first layer, which second layer comprises a'substantiaily transparent sheet-like element at least a portion of which is light-polarizing, and which light-polarizing portion comprises a molecularly oriented polymer dyed with a composition selected from the group consisting of mixtures comprising a positive dichroic dye and a negative dichroic dye of a color different from that of said positive dichroic dye with which said negative dichroic dye is mixed, mixtures comprising a positive dichroic dye and an isotropic dye of a color different from that of said positive dichroic dye with which said isotropic dye is mixed, mixtures comprising a negative dichroic dye and an isotropic dye of -a different color from that of said negative dichroic dye with which said isotropic dye is mixed, and

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
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US513046A 1965-04-29 1965-12-10 Laminations Expired - Lifetime US3391479A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US513046A US3391479A (en) 1965-12-10 1965-12-10 Laminations
FR59564A FR1479623A (fr) 1965-12-10 1966-04-28 Dispositif et procédé pour empêcher des falsifications de documents, notamment decartes d'identité protégées
GB54590/66A GB1167519A (en) 1965-04-29 1966-12-06 Novel Laminations
DE19661646240 DE1646240B1 (de) 1965-12-10 1966-12-09 Faelschungssichere bild- und schrifttragende Flaechen
FR86933A FR92509E (fr) 1965-12-10 1966-12-09 Dispositif et procédé pour empêcher des falsifications de documents, notamment decartes d'identité protégées
BE691000D BE691000A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-12-10 1966-12-09
JP51102507A JPS5233519B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-12-10 1976-08-27

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JP (1) JPS5233519B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE691000A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1646240B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (2) FR1479623A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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Cited By (32)

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US3461581A (en) * 1967-04-10 1969-08-19 Placard Chicago Corp Plastic card and method of making same
US3654022A (en) * 1967-08-07 1972-04-04 Eastman Kodak Co Method of making a laminated photographic identification card
US3655494A (en) * 1969-05-12 1972-04-11 Polaroid Corp I. d. card laminar structures and processes for making same
US3802724A (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-04-09 Burroughs Corp Protection system for computerized negotiable document printouts
FR2365657A1 (fr) * 1976-09-24 1978-04-21 Bank Of England Perfectionnements relatifs aux dispositifs marquants l'authenticite d'element en feuille tel que billets de banque
US4115618A (en) * 1976-02-02 1978-09-19 Polaroid Corporation Novel protective plastomeric sheet for identification card
US4259391A (en) * 1978-10-30 1981-03-31 Brecht Frederick R Indicia bearing plastic laminate and method of producing same
US4273362A (en) * 1976-05-12 1981-06-16 Ludlow Corporation Information-bearing article for conveying information which cannot be surreptitiously detected
US4304809A (en) * 1978-12-14 1981-12-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Identity card with grid images
US4325196A (en) * 1977-12-16 1982-04-20 G.A.O. Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Multilayer identification cards with relief-like surface
US4523777A (en) * 1980-12-23 1985-06-18 Gao Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Identification card and a method of producing same
US4544836A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-10-01 American District Telegraph Company Optically-based access control system
US4659112A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-04-21 Optical Devices, Incorporated Identification system comprising a partially reflective retardation device
EP0248525A3 (en) * 1986-04-26 1988-10-12 Errol James Stewart Greenlees Faceted decorative unit
US4896901A (en) * 1987-05-15 1990-01-30 Svecia Antiqua S.A. Flexible sheet or web materials
US4943093A (en) * 1987-12-04 1990-07-24 Portals Limited Security paper for bank notes and the like
US5004327A (en) * 1987-12-01 1991-04-02 Svecia Antiqua Limited Light-polarizing material in the form of sheets or of a web and a method for the manufacture of the material
US5284364A (en) * 1992-06-10 1994-02-08 Anvik Corporation Increased-security identification card system
US5974150A (en) * 1997-09-30 1999-10-26 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. System and method for authentication of goods
US6035914A (en) * 1993-10-22 2000-03-14 Martin Marietta Energy Systems Inc. Counterfeit-resistant materials and a method and apparatus for authenticating materials
US6124970A (en) * 1997-10-20 2000-09-26 Latents Image Technology Ltd. Polymer materials with latent images visible in polarized light and methods for their production
US20030179363A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2003-09-25 Industrial Technology Research Institute Phase retardation anti-counterfeit method
US20060145470A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2006-07-06 Holmberg Thomas A Identification card forms
US7080041B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-07-18 Esecuredocs, Inc. System and method for production and authentication of original documents
US7089420B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-08-08 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US7162035B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2007-01-09 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US8171567B1 (en) 2002-09-04 2012-05-01 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US20120189832A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2012-07-26 Taishi Kawasaki Laminated polyester film
US9280696B1 (en) 2008-04-23 2016-03-08 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
WO2017140421A1 (de) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Tragbarer datenträger mit hochprägung
US10062307B2 (en) * 2015-02-13 2018-08-28 Xiamen Tianma Micro-Electronics Co., Ltd. Anti-counterfeit label and fabrication method thereof
US10867233B2 (en) 2014-05-22 2020-12-15 Composecure Llc Transaction and ID cards having selected texture and coloring

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IE50670B1 (en) * 1979-12-24 1986-06-11 Agfa Gevaert Ag Process for the production of forgery-proof documents
US4476468A (en) * 1981-06-22 1984-10-09 Light Signatures, Inc. Secure transaction card and verification system
JPS5945590A (ja) * 1982-08-30 1984-03-14 ビザ・インタ−ナシヨナル・サ−ビス・アソシエ−シヨン 電子的に認可される取り引きに用いる浮き出しできないカ−ド
DE19729918B4 (de) * 1997-07-04 2010-07-01 Securency International Pty Ltd., Craigieburn Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokument
US20020117845A1 (en) 2000-01-03 2002-08-29 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Security and/or valve document
DE19932240B4 (de) * 1999-07-10 2005-09-01 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Optisch variabel darstellbare/versteckbare Sicherheitselemente für Wert- und Sicherheitsdokumente
IL145683A0 (en) * 2001-09-26 2002-06-30 Enoron Technologies Ltd Apparatus and method for measuring optically active materials
EP2535201B1 (en) * 2011-06-17 2014-10-15 Agfa-Gevaert Colour laser marking of articles and security documents

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US3221428A (en) * 1963-03-19 1965-12-07 Robert M Fischler Transparent encasement for documents and the like
US3279826A (en) * 1964-05-27 1966-10-18 Virginia Laminating Company Credential
US3282720A (en) * 1963-11-01 1966-11-01 Avco Corp Method of applying signatures to negotiable instruments
US3313052A (en) * 1965-04-29 1967-04-11 Polaroid Corp Laminations

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US2331575A (en) * 1940-08-03 1943-10-12 George La Monte & Son Safety paper and method of making same
US3221428A (en) * 1963-03-19 1965-12-07 Robert M Fischler Transparent encasement for documents and the like
US3282720A (en) * 1963-11-01 1966-11-01 Avco Corp Method of applying signatures to negotiable instruments
US3279826A (en) * 1964-05-27 1966-10-18 Virginia Laminating Company Credential
US3313052A (en) * 1965-04-29 1967-04-11 Polaroid Corp Laminations

Cited By (47)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3461581A (en) * 1967-04-10 1969-08-19 Placard Chicago Corp Plastic card and method of making same
US3654022A (en) * 1967-08-07 1972-04-04 Eastman Kodak Co Method of making a laminated photographic identification card
US3655494A (en) * 1969-05-12 1972-04-11 Polaroid Corp I. d. card laminar structures and processes for making same
US3802724A (en) * 1972-09-11 1974-04-09 Burroughs Corp Protection system for computerized negotiable document printouts
US4115618A (en) * 1976-02-02 1978-09-19 Polaroid Corporation Novel protective plastomeric sheet for identification card
US4273362A (en) * 1976-05-12 1981-06-16 Ludlow Corporation Information-bearing article for conveying information which cannot be surreptitiously detected
FR2365657A1 (fr) * 1976-09-24 1978-04-21 Bank Of England Perfectionnements relatifs aux dispositifs marquants l'authenticite d'element en feuille tel que billets de banque
US4325196A (en) * 1977-12-16 1982-04-20 G.A.O. Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Multilayer identification cards with relief-like surface
US4259391A (en) * 1978-10-30 1981-03-31 Brecht Frederick R Indicia bearing plastic laminate and method of producing same
US4304809A (en) * 1978-12-14 1981-12-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Identity card with grid images
US4523777A (en) * 1980-12-23 1985-06-18 Gao Gesellschaft Fur Automation Und Organisation Mbh Identification card and a method of producing same
US4544836A (en) * 1982-12-22 1985-10-01 American District Telegraph Company Optically-based access control system
US4659112A (en) * 1984-12-03 1987-04-21 Optical Devices, Incorporated Identification system comprising a partially reflective retardation device
EP0248525A3 (en) * 1986-04-26 1988-10-12 Errol James Stewart Greenlees Faceted decorative unit
US4896901A (en) * 1987-05-15 1990-01-30 Svecia Antiqua S.A. Flexible sheet or web materials
US5004327A (en) * 1987-12-01 1991-04-02 Svecia Antiqua Limited Light-polarizing material in the form of sheets or of a web and a method for the manufacture of the material
US4943093A (en) * 1987-12-04 1990-07-24 Portals Limited Security paper for bank notes and the like
US5284364A (en) * 1992-06-10 1994-02-08 Anvik Corporation Increased-security identification card system
US6246061B1 (en) 1993-10-22 2001-06-12 Ut-Battelle, Llc Counterfeit-resistant materials and a method and apparatus for authenticating materials
US6035914A (en) * 1993-10-22 2000-03-14 Martin Marietta Energy Systems Inc. Counterfeit-resistant materials and a method and apparatus for authenticating materials
US5974150A (en) * 1997-09-30 1999-10-26 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. System and method for authentication of goods
US6124970A (en) * 1997-10-20 2000-09-26 Latents Image Technology Ltd. Polymer materials with latent images visible in polarized light and methods for their production
US7162035B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2007-01-09 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US9811671B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2017-11-07 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US9363083B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2016-06-07 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US7080041B2 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-07-18 Esecuredocs, Inc. System and method for production and authentication of original documents
US7089420B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-08-08 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US7152047B1 (en) 2000-05-24 2006-12-19 Esecure.Biz, Inc. System and method for production and authentication of original documents
US20030179363A1 (en) * 2002-03-19 2003-09-25 Industrial Technology Research Institute Phase retardation anti-counterfeit method
US6667797B2 (en) * 2002-03-19 2003-12-23 Industrial Technology Research Institute Phase retardation anti-counterfeit method
US8171567B1 (en) 2002-09-04 2012-05-01 Tracer Detection Technology Corp. Authentication method and system
US9818249B1 (en) 2002-09-04 2017-11-14 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US20060145470A1 (en) * 2004-11-03 2006-07-06 Holmberg Thomas A Identification card forms
US11924356B2 (en) 2008-04-23 2024-03-05 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US9280696B1 (en) 2008-04-23 2016-03-08 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US9846814B1 (en) 2008-04-23 2017-12-19 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US10275675B1 (en) 2008-04-23 2019-04-30 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US12212690B2 (en) 2008-04-23 2025-01-28 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US11200439B1 (en) 2008-04-23 2021-12-14 Copilot Ventures Fund Iii Llc Authentication method and system
US11600056B2 (en) 2008-04-23 2023-03-07 CoPilot Ventures III LLC Authentication method and system
US20120189832A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2012-07-26 Taishi Kawasaki Laminated polyester film
US12299514B2 (en) 2014-05-22 2025-05-13 Composecure, Llc Transaction and ID cards having selected texture and coloring
US10867233B2 (en) 2014-05-22 2020-12-15 Composecure Llc Transaction and ID cards having selected texture and coloring
US11853829B2 (en) 2014-05-22 2023-12-26 Composecure, Llc Transaction and ID cards having selected texture and coloring
US10062307B2 (en) * 2015-02-13 2018-08-28 Xiamen Tianma Micro-Electronics Co., Ltd. Anti-counterfeit label and fabrication method thereof
US10572782B2 (en) 2016-02-17 2020-02-25 Giesecke+Devrient Mobile Security Gmbh Portable data carrier comprising a relief structure
WO2017140421A1 (de) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Tragbarer datenträger mit hochprägung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1167519A (en) 1969-10-15
DE1646240B1 (de) 1970-11-26
BE691000A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-05-16
FR92509E (fr) 1968-11-22
JPS5233519B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-08-29
FR1479623A (fr) 1967-05-05

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