US3389793A - Cyclone washer with water only - Google Patents
Cyclone washer with water only Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3389793A US3389793A US630364A US63036467A US3389793A US 3389793 A US3389793 A US 3389793A US 630364 A US630364 A US 630364A US 63036467 A US63036467 A US 63036467A US 3389793 A US3389793 A US 3389793A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vortex
- hydrocyclone
- cylindrical portion
- frusto conical
- cyclone
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/14—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/08—Vortex chamber constructions
- B04C5/081—Shapes or dimensions
Definitions
- This invention relates to the separation of solids of different specific gravity and particle size into fractions one of which contains predominantly heavy particles while another fraction contains predominantly light particles. More particularly this invention relates to a hy- ⁇ drocyclone particularly suited to effect such separation.
- a hydrocyclone usually consists of a vessel bounded by a closed surface of revolution and provided with one or more feed ducts leading tangentially into the vessel and With two opposite discharge openings, namely the apex and overflow openings, which are centrally arranged, The edge of the overflow opening may be extended into the vessel and may have the shape of a short tubular member, hereinafter called vortex fin-der.
- the invention can be used to advantage in the separation of iron ores into a fraction consisting mainly of iron ore particles and a fraction consisting mainly of gangue particles.
- the invention can also be used to advantage in the separation of a mixture of coal and shale particles into a fraction with low ash content Which fraction mainly consists of coal and a fraction with a high ash content which latter fraction is chiefly composed of shale particles.
- the invention is particularly advantageous in that the separation medium used in water only, thus substantially eliminating the need of providing extraneous materials to adjust the specific gravity of the separation medium.
- the separating medium and solid particles are injected tangentially into the cyclone.
- Two vortices are produced turning in the same direction, but possessing opposite axial movements. Under the centrifugal force in the vortices which will normally be much greater than the force of gravity the solid particles are separated according to specific gravity into two fractions which leave the cyclone through the said opposite openings.
- the use of cyclones for separation of particles of difiering specific gravity has achieved great commercial success. It has many advantages, such as very high capacity in a small space, ability to handle fine fragmentary materials, and the like. With some ores, however, the sharpness of separation is not always perfect. For example, with iron ores in which the gangue may be silica, such as quartz, it is of utmost importance to obtain an iron ore concentrate containing a minimum amount of silica in order to meet the needs of blast furnaces.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a cyclone with an irnproved form of vortex chamber which greatly raises the efficiency of the separating action in the case of particles of different grain size and specific gravity.
- the hydrocyclone of this invention comprises a vessel, ⁇ a vortex finder axially arranged within said vessel, said vessel having a cyclone chamber therein, said chamber being confined 'by a cylindrical portion which (a) surrounds said vortex finder, (b) has at last one inlet lead- Patented .lune 25, 1968 ing tangentially into said chamber, (c) merges at one end thereof with an overflow portion having an outlet in communication with said vortex finder, and (d) merges at the other end thereof with a frusto conical portion which has an included angle of at least and not exceeding 90, and merges with a concave portion at the narrow end thereof.
- the concave portion terminates in an outlet orifice.
- the hydrocyclone vessel 10 defining a cyclone chamber 12 comprises a cylindrical portion 14 which merges with a frusto conical portion 18.
- the narrow end of the frusto conical portion surmounts a concave portion 20 which terminates in an outlet orifice 22.
- a vortex lnder 24 which is surrounded by the cylindrical portion 14 and the extension of which is in communication at one end 26 with a discharge outlet 28 provided in the overflow cap 16.
- the discharge outlet 28 is fitted with a connecting flange 40.
- the feed pipe 30 which is in tangential relation to the cyclone chamber 12 debouches into the cylindrical portion 14. This feed pipe is fitted with a connecting flange 32.
- the cylindrical portion 14, the overflow cap 16, the frusto conical portion 18 and the concave portion 20 can be assembled in any convenient manner to provide the hydrocyclone of this invention.
- a plurality of spaced, apertured flange members or ears 34 Removably received within each of the apertured ears 34 is a bolt 36 which is also received Within corresponding holes provided in a ring 38 adapted to lit over the overflow cap 16.
- the underside of the ring 38 engages a radial llange 42 provided adjacent the open end of the overflow cap 16 at the oatside peripheral surface thereof.
- a nut 44 threadedly engages the threaded portion of each of the bolt means 36 to secure the cylindrical portion 14 to the overflow cap 16.
- the tubular vortex finder 24 can be provided about the outside peripheral surface thereof with -a radial flange 46 provided on one surface adjacent the periphery thereof with a groove 48 and is flat on the opposed surface.
- the groove 48 receives a corresponding joint 52 placed between the flat surface of the radial flange 42 of the overflow cap 16 and the flange 46.
- a similar joint 50 is placed in a corresponding groove 54 in the cylindrical portion 14.
- a radial flange member 56 Adjacent the other end of the cylindrical portion 14 at the outside peripheral surface thereof is a radial flange member 56 provided with a plurality of holes 53 to receive bolts 60 which in turn are received in corresponding holes 62 provided in a radial flange 64 which is disposed adjacent the wide end of the frusto conical portion 18 at the outside peripheral surface thereof.
- This arrangement provides for easy interchangeability of frusto conical portions of various heights and shapes.
- the nar-row end of the frusto conical portion 18 merges into a concave portion 20, the inner surface 66 of which is dish or bowl-shaped.
- the concave portion 20 terminates in an outlet 22, the size of which can be easily exchanged by replacement of discharge mouthpiece 68 retainingly held in place by apertured mouthpiece plate 70 which is removably attache-d to the concave portion 2t) by lmeans of lbolts and nuts 72.
- a critical feature of the hydrocyclone of this invention is the included apex angle of the frusto conical section18 With the narrow end of this section merging into the concave portion 20.
- the apex angle lies within the range of 50-90 and amounts to 75 in the embodiment shown. ⁇ Further, to enjoy the benefits of this invention certain relative dimensions of the height H of the frusto conical section 18, the inside diameter D of the cylindriA cal portion 14, the length L of the vortex iinder 24 ex tending into the cyclone chamber 12, the maximum di ameter B of the concave portion and the length A of the cylindrical portion 14 sur-rounding the vortex nder 24 should be observed within the following ranges:
- the frusto conical section has an included apex angle of at least 50 and not exceeding 90, and that the nar- Irow end of this frusto conical section merges with a concave portion which terminates in an outlet orifice.
- Example 1 A yhydrocyclone having an included apex angle of 75 and further essentially as shown in the drawing was tested on a lline iron ore feed.
- the dimensions of the hydrocyelone were as follows:
- Example 1 The overflow from Example 1 was processed in a second hydrocyclone having essentially the same dimensions as that employed in. Example l. The following results were achieved,
- Grain size Percent Percent The overliow of Example 2 and the underliow of EX- ample l are the two finished products. The underilow of Example 2 may, if so desired, be used for recirculation.
- Example 3 A hydrocyclone made in accordance with this invention and having essentially the same dimensions as the hydrocyclone disclosed in Example 1 but having a cylindrical portion 350 mm. long was employed to separate raw coal having a grain size of from 0.5 to 7 mm. using water as the separation medium. The feed concentration was adjusted to grams of coal per liter; the feed pressure being 1 atmosphere gauge pressure. The separation had the following results:
- the overflow fraction amounted to 108 m.3/hr. with 10.5 tons of solid matter and having an ash content of 8.0%.
- hydrocyclones made in accordance with the instant invention and essentially the same as those described in Examples 1 and 3 but having variation in the length L of the vortex finder were also used to separate iron ore or raw coal suspensions with equally favorable results.
- the lengths of the vortex nder in mm. tested were 100, 120, 150 and 200.
- a hydrocyclone for separating suspended solids according to specific gravity comprising a vessel, a vortex finder axially arranged within said vessel, said vessel having a cyclone chamber therein, said chamber being confined by a cylindrical portion surrounding said vortex finder, having an inlet leading tangentially into said chamber and merging at one end thereof with an overflow portion having an outlet leading therefrom, said cylindrical portion merging at the other end thereof with a frusto conical portion, said frusto conical portion having an included apex angle of at least 50 and not more than 90 and merging with a concave portion at the narrow end thereof, said concave portion terminating in an outlet orifice.
- the length of the cylindrical portion surrounding said vortex nder to the inside diameter of said cylindrical portion is between 0.5-1.5.
- finder is about G25-1.5.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US630364A US3389793A (en) | 1967-04-12 | 1967-04-12 | Cyclone washer with water only |
FR1558236D FR1558236A (fr) | 1967-04-12 | 1968-03-29 | |
DE6606546U DE6606546U (de) | 1967-04-12 | 1968-03-30 | Hydrozyklon |
ES352386A ES352386A1 (es) | 1967-04-12 | 1968-04-04 | Un dispositivo de hidrociclon para separar aridos en sus- pension segun su peso especifico. |
SE4979/68A SE342153B (fr) | 1967-04-12 | 1968-04-11 | |
OA53250A OA02794A (fr) | 1967-04-12 | 1968-04-11 | Hydrocyclone pour séparer des matières solides. |
GB07619/68A GB1168218A (en) | 1967-04-12 | 1968-04-11 | Hydrocyclone for Separating Solids according to Specific Gravity |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US630364A US3389793A (en) | 1967-04-12 | 1967-04-12 | Cyclone washer with water only |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3389793A true US3389793A (en) | 1968-06-25 |
Family
ID=24526875
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US630364A Expired - Lifetime US3389793A (en) | 1967-04-12 | 1967-04-12 | Cyclone washer with water only |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3389793A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE6606546U (fr) |
ES (1) | ES352386A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR1558236A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB1168218A (fr) |
OA (1) | OA02794A (fr) |
SE (1) | SE342153B (fr) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2062381A1 (de) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-06-29 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Gasabscheider, insbesondere für den Kühlkreislauf von Brennkraftmaschinen |
US3887456A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1975-06-03 | James W Loughner | Classifier with rifflers and variable throat |
DE2548948A1 (de) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-05-06 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Zyklonabscheider |
US4036441A (en) * | 1975-03-29 | 1977-07-19 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Process for recovering usable materials from waste material containing metals and non-metals |
US4090956A (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1978-05-23 | Wilmot Engineering Co. | Hydrocyclone |
US4364822A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-12-21 | Rich Jr John W | Autogenous heavy medium process and apparatus for separating coal from refuse |
WO1983000103A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-20 | Rich, John, W., Jr. | Procede par milieu lourd homogene et appareil de separation du charbon de materiaux de dechets |
US4479817A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1984-10-30 | Dorr-Oliver, Inc. | Pressurized hot cyclone |
DE9207991U1 (fr) * | 1992-06-13 | 1992-09-03 | Eckert, Otto, 6970 Lauda-Koenigshofen, De | |
US20170190599A1 (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-06 | California State University, Fresno | Hydrocyclone and method to remove particles from liquid streams |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2573192A (en) * | 1946-12-09 | 1951-10-30 | Directie Staatsmijnen Nl | Cyclone |
FR1037980A (fr) * | 1951-06-01 | 1953-09-24 | Lamex Soc | Classeur-concentrateur d'éléments solides en suspension dans un fluide en mouvement |
US2724503A (en) * | 1952-01-05 | 1955-11-22 | Stamicarbon | Hydrocyclone apparatus |
US2783887A (en) * | 1957-03-05 | Cyclone separator | ||
US2793748A (en) * | 1951-04-24 | 1957-05-28 | Stamicarbon | Method of separation employing truncated cyclone |
US2819795A (en) * | 1950-05-30 | 1958-01-14 | Stamicarbon | Process for the separation according to specific gravity of solids of different specific gravity and particle size |
US3130157A (en) * | 1958-12-15 | 1964-04-21 | Denis F Kelsall | Hydro-cyclones |
-
1967
- 1967-04-12 US US630364A patent/US3389793A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-03-29 FR FR1558236D patent/FR1558236A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-03-30 DE DE6606546U patent/DE6606546U/de not_active Expired
- 1968-04-04 ES ES352386A patent/ES352386A1/es not_active Expired
- 1968-04-11 SE SE4979/68A patent/SE342153B/xx unknown
- 1968-04-11 GB GB07619/68A patent/GB1168218A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-04-11 OA OA53250A patent/OA02794A/fr unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2783887A (en) * | 1957-03-05 | Cyclone separator | ||
US2573192A (en) * | 1946-12-09 | 1951-10-30 | Directie Staatsmijnen Nl | Cyclone |
US2819795A (en) * | 1950-05-30 | 1958-01-14 | Stamicarbon | Process for the separation according to specific gravity of solids of different specific gravity and particle size |
US2793748A (en) * | 1951-04-24 | 1957-05-28 | Stamicarbon | Method of separation employing truncated cyclone |
FR1037980A (fr) * | 1951-06-01 | 1953-09-24 | Lamex Soc | Classeur-concentrateur d'éléments solides en suspension dans un fluide en mouvement |
US2724503A (en) * | 1952-01-05 | 1955-11-22 | Stamicarbon | Hydrocyclone apparatus |
US3130157A (en) * | 1958-12-15 | 1964-04-21 | Denis F Kelsall | Hydro-cyclones |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2062381A1 (de) * | 1970-12-18 | 1972-06-29 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | Gasabscheider, insbesondere für den Kühlkreislauf von Brennkraftmaschinen |
US3887456A (en) * | 1973-10-01 | 1975-06-03 | James W Loughner | Classifier with rifflers and variable throat |
DE2548948A1 (de) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-05-06 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Zyklonabscheider |
US4036441A (en) * | 1975-03-29 | 1977-07-19 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Process for recovering usable materials from waste material containing metals and non-metals |
US4090956A (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1978-05-23 | Wilmot Engineering Co. | Hydrocyclone |
US4479817A (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1984-10-30 | Dorr-Oliver, Inc. | Pressurized hot cyclone |
US4364822A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1982-12-21 | Rich Jr John W | Autogenous heavy medium process and apparatus for separating coal from refuse |
WO1983000103A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-01-20 | Rich, John, W., Jr. | Procede par milieu lourd homogene et appareil de separation du charbon de materiaux de dechets |
DE9207991U1 (fr) * | 1992-06-13 | 1992-09-03 | Eckert, Otto, 6970 Lauda-Koenigshofen, De | |
US20170190599A1 (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-06 | California State University, Fresno | Hydrocyclone and method to remove particles from liquid streams |
US10703648B2 (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2020-07-07 | California State University, Fresno | Hydrocyclone and method to remove particles from liquid streams |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE6606546U (de) | 1970-10-08 |
OA02794A (fr) | 1970-12-15 |
ES352386A1 (es) | 1969-08-01 |
GB1168218A (en) | 1969-10-22 |
SE342153B (fr) | 1972-01-31 |
FR1558236A (fr) | 1969-02-21 |
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