US3386387A

US3386387A - Rotary fluid handling device

Info

Publication number: US3386387A
Application number: US571327A
Authority: US
Inventors: Eickmann Karl
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1962-07-06
Filing date: 1966-08-09
Publication date: 1968-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 1985-06-04

Description

June 4, 1968 K. EICKMANN ROTARY FLUID HANDLING DEVICE Filed Aug. 9, 1966 33 [60 I6 l l4 |6b 33 mvsmox I KARL EICKMANN ATTORNEY United States Patent Claims. oi. 103-136) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The rotor of a vane machine has a central portion and side walls of greater diameter. A slot extends through the central portion and partly into the side walls so that the v'anes of a pair of vanes can be alternately fully retracted into the center portion, or fully advanced out of the same in radial direction.

This is a continuation in part of my copending patent application S.N. 292,217 of July 2, 1963, now matured into Patent 3,274,945.

The present invention relates to liquid-or gas-handling rotary fluid handling devices, such 'as hydraulic or pneumatic pumps or motors, compressors, gears, or internal combustion engines, in which the vane or vanes which together with the machine housing or rotary housing ring and rotor and rotor side walls enclose the work chambers, are slideably mounted in a slot or slots which are provided in the rotor and side walls which 'are rotatable with the rotor. Y

The vane or vanes of the machine are extended axially beyond the actual rotor width; the axial ends of the rotor are provided with rotor side walls which are secured to or integral with the actual rotor and are therefore rotatable therewith and which project radially outward beyond the actual rotor, i.e., the central part thereof; the slot or slots in the rotor are extended intothe rotor side walls and at least one of the longitudinal walls of each slot in the rotor and rotor side walls preferably forms a plane rigid surface, and each vane has at least one longitudinal surface which is preferably also plane and slideable radially or nearly radially on at least one preferably plane wall of the slot in the rotor and both rotor side Walls.

If the fluid handling device conforms to the above definition then the vanes cannot tilt since they are supported on the rotor-sidew'all-slot-walls and they can exit radially far out of the central rotor portion without losing their stable guidance.

It is an object of the present invention to seal the individual working chambers of such fluid handling device tightly and by simple means and also to obtain large chambers with large displacement volumes by means of long vane strokes, so that the device is able to work with large fluid volumes and with a high output, and operates at a high rate of efficiency.

The extremely long vane stroke of the invention can be materialized by extending the slot radially and diametrically entirely through the rotor center portion and also radially therebeyond within the rotor side walls. The radial length of the vane can then be made almost as long as the diameter of the rotor central portion.

The above mentioned, as well as numerous other features and advantages of the present invention will become more clearly apparent from the following detailed description of several preferred embodiments thereof which is to be read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which for making the invention more easily understood, those parts of the different embodiments ICC which have similar functions or serve the same purpose are identified by the same reference numerals.

The parts which are conventional in the art are hereafter not described in detail since this would render the description too prolix and would not aid in understanding the important features of the invention.

In the drawings,

FIGURE 1 shows a longitudinal section of a fluid handling device according to the invention;

FIGURE 2 shows a cross section which is taken along the line lI--II of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 shows a longitudinal section which is taken along the line IlIIII of FIGURE 4; and

FIGURE 4 shows a longitudinal section of a modification of the rotor according to the invention.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the machine rotor consists of a central rotor part 1 and a pair of

rotor side walls

2 and 3. The central part 1 is located between the two rotor side walls 2 'and 3 and has a smaller outer diameter than the latter. The

rotor side walls

2 and 3 preferably extend at right angles to the rotor axis, and

they project radially outwards beyond the central rotor part '1.

The central rotor part 1 and the two

side walls

2 and 3 are preferably provided with radial slots 5 which extend parallel to the rotor axis and project into the

rotor side walls

2 and 3 by

axial extensions

5a and 5b, respectively. Although it is possible to provide the rotor with only one of these slots several such slots are occasionally provided. Such heretofore described arangement of the rotor slots is already disclosed in my previous U.S. Patent No. 2,975,716.

According to the present invention, the

extensions

5a and 5b of these slots 5 are not extended in the axial direction entirely through the

rotor side walls

2 and 3, but only into the portions thereof which are attached to or integral with the central rotor part 1, so that axially outside of the mentioned

slot extensions

5a and 5b, solid side wall portions remain which are attached to or integral with the rotor and close the

slot extensions

5a and 5b in the axial direction. This results in a very great rigidity of the rotor since the walls of the

rotor forming slots

5, 5a, 5b are thus prevented from yielding in a tangential or circumferential direction. For producing the rotor slot 5 and their extensions 5a and 51) it is preferred to make them radially from the outside into the central rotor part 1 and into the

side walls

2 and 3 thereof, for example, by milling, pressing, casting, or other suitable methods. In order to permit this work to be carried out and the longitudinal walls of the slots to be properly and accurately made, the ends of the

slot extensions

5a and 5b are preferably provided with intersecting grooves 6 between which the tools may then produce the slots with perfectly plane Wall surfaces since the intersecting grooves 6 are wider in circumferential direction than

slots

5, 5a, 5b. The provision of such grooves 6 permits such perfectly plane slot wall surfaces to be produced even in a one-piece rotor, and not only in the central part one thereof but in the

side walls

2 and 3 as well. This is so important because for the operation of the machine under high pressure, it is an absolute requirement that the slot Walls in the central rotor parts and in a part of the rotor side walls as well have absolutely plane surfaces. Prior to this invention no proper construction was known which permitted the production of such plane slot wall in the rotors of machines in which the slots did not extend axially entirely through the rotor side Walls.

In another modification the slots extend in the side Walls very far outwardly beyond the diameter of the rotor central member but in radial direction not entirely through the rotor sidewalls.

In both embodiments shown in FIGS. 1-4, the rotor may consist either of one piece of material or of several parts. The one-piece construction is especially solid and therefore preferred. In a construction of several parts which is not illustrated in the drawings, the parts may be secured to each other in any suitable manner. Shaft 4 may also be made integral with the rotor or be flanged thereon in a conventional manner, for example, by being screwed thereon. It is in principle already known, for example, from my U. S. Patent No. 2,975,716, to make the rotor and shaft either of one piece or of several parts.

According to the first embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the rotor is provided with a slot which extends radially entirely through the central rotor part 1 and the

rotor side walls

2 and 3, but through the latter only so far in the axial direction that a wall portion remains on each outside of the

slot extensions

5a and 5b. The intersecting grooves 6 also extend radially entirely through the rotor side walls. The rotor according to this embodiment of the invention has the advantage that it is extremely solid, especially since the central part 1 may be produced integrally with the

rotor side walls

2 and 3 and with shaft 4 or with a shaft end and a rear journal part, while the slots, for example, the

slots

5, 5a, 5b and 6 may be very easily produced by means of broaching tools which may be drawn through the rotor in the radial direction.

FIGURES 1 and 2 illustrate a rotary vane machine in which the

slot

5, 5a, 5b in the rotor 1 and its two

side walls

2 and 3 contains two

vanes

9 and 10. The rotor 1 may be installed in a machine housing 11 divided to permit its installation. The dividing line is not indicated in the drawings since the division may be carried out in very many different manners. Thus, for example, the central part of the housing between the two

rotor side walls

2, 3 may separate from the two parts 11a which may be flanged thereon in the axial direction. Between the housing 11, rotor 1, and the

rotor side walls

2 and 3, a work chamber divided by vanes 9 and into

intervane spaces

12, 13 is formed. The necessary inlet and outlet lines leading to the work chambers are not illustrated in the drawings because they may be conventionally provided at various points of the housing or the rotor in accordance with the particular kind of construction of the machine. They may, for example, be formed by channels which are provided in the shaft and the rotor 1. At each revolution of the rotor, each of these two intervane spaces or work chambers has once a maximum volume and once a minimum volume, and the volume varies periodically between these volumes while the rotor revolves.

The vane slots and vanes may also be separated by an intermediate web 19.

FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a rotary vane machine of a modified type.

The rotor 15 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 may also be employed in other types of rotary vane machines, for example, in liquid driven machines, such as oil engines, pumps, or the like, compressors or rotary combustion engines.

Rotor 15 is rotatably mounted in the engine housing 14 and has radial slots 16 which are connected with each other by a central bore 17 and are extended into the

rotor side walls

15a and 15b in the form of the

slot extensions

16a and 16b. These slots are arranged so that the opposite slots are offset by the width of one slot relative to each other in the peripheral direction. In the slots,

vanes

18 and 19 are guided which slide along the inner guide surface 14a of the housing when the rotor revolves within the housing. Together with the rotor 15, the housing 14, and the

rotor side walls

15a, 15b, vanes 18, 19

form work chambers

20 and 21 which alternately increase and decrease in volume as the rotor revolves and which are connected to an inlet and an outlet, not shown.

The distinguishing features of the embodiment of the invention as shown in FIGURES 3 to 4 consists primarily in the fact that, the diametrically opposite slots do not lie within the sample plane but are offset relative to each other so that only one wall surface of each slot lies within a common diametrical plane with the other wall surface of the opposite slot. The diametrically opposite slots are therefore cut out in opposite directions from this common radial plane. Such an arrangement has the advantage that, when vanes 18 are located in a chamber of small volume, these vanes can enter deeply into their respective slots in the rotor 15 that is, so far, that two diametrically opposite vanes 18 will slide on each other. The diametrically opposite slots then have surfaces located in a common plane, so that a front wall of one and a rear wall of the other slot lie within a common plane. The opposite slots may, however, also be arranged so that an intermediate web remains between them. As the result of the arrangement of the slots it is possible that two diametrically or nearly diametrically opposite vanes can pass into the rotor at the same time without interfering with each other, while at the same time a large vane stroke of a size equal to nearly the diameter of the central rotor part and of the same length is attained.

.Although in the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 4 there are two vanes provided, it is also possible to provide a greater number of vanes. At least one

vane

18 or 19 and its

extensions

18a, 18b or 19a, 21% engages with one of its longitudinal surfaces on one of the longitudinal slot walls, that is, the main part of the vane withinthe slot 16- of the central rotor part and the

axial extensions

18a, 18b or 19a, 1% slot walls of the slot extensions 16a and 1611.

It is also possible to employ vanes of a thickness substantially corresponding to the width of the slots. In this case, both longitudinal vane surfaces can engage with both slot walls and seal the same. Wider intersecting grooves 33 are provided at the ends of the slots.

The main feature of the invention is, that a maximal large vane stroke and thereby displacement volume during a revolution of the rotor is materialized. The maximum of vane stroke and displacement volume is obtained by using two vanes of a radial length almost equal to the diameter of the rotor central member. Those two vanes are then located in one or in two parallel rotor slots. As closely visible from FIGURES 2 and 3 the vanes or each one of them can completely enter into the rotor, so that it is completely received within the slot means within the radial dimension of the outer diameter of the rotor central part. On the other hand each vane can perform a vane stroke of almost the radial extension of the vane. Thus, the vane stroke can become almost as large as the outer diameter of the central part of the rotor. The relationratio between displacement or stroke and rotor-diameter becomes almost 1:1. In the past it was usually only 1210 or little more. The radial section through the displacement action of a working chamber of the invention is almost in a ratio 1:1 to the longitudinal section of the rotor. Consequently the displacement volume of the device of the invention is almost 10 times larger than in conventional vane machines.

It is known from a publication by Prof. Schloesser and Olderaan, Eine Analogontheorie der Antrieb mit rotierender Bewegung, Oil Hydraulic und Pneumatik or other publications, that every rotary machine has a power N which is equal to h=radial length through annular voluminosity body:

vane stroke.

By the above equation the power of all rotary devices can be compared. Therefrom it follows:

The larger h=(r r is, the greater is the power of a machine of a given rotor diameter, rotor length, and pressure.

In all heretofore known former art or references the vane stroke (r -r was more or less than /2 of the central portion of the rotor diameter and in conventional vane devices less or about one-tenth.

Due to this present invention now a vane stroke almost as large as the total diameter of the central portion of the rotor means has been achieved.

The ratio h:r (r -r 21- becomes almost 1:1. Thus, the device of the present invention materializes the most of displacement volume of all kinds of rotary fluid handling devices and .at the same time tight sealing of the individual working chambers is maintained by the valve like seal of bearing the vanes on slot 'wall faces.

Although my invention has been illustrated and described with references to the preferred embodiments thereof, I wish to have it understood that it is in no way limited to the details of such embodiments, but is capable of numerous modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus fully disclosed my invention, what I claim 1. In a rotary fluid handling device, a machine rotor having a central part and a side Wall axially on eachside of said central part and radially projecting therefrom; said rotor having at least one substantially radial slot therein extending diametrically through said central part between opposite portions of the periphery of the same, and into said side walls, said slot being open at the periphery of said rotor and extending substantially radially along its whole axial length into said rotor but terminating in the axial direction within said side walls, said slot being adopted to receive a rectangular sliding vane having a width substantially equal to the diameter of said central rotor part, at least one of the longitudinal Walls of said slot having a plane sliding surface limiting said slot and adapted to engage with and guide said sliding vane and radially extending intersecting grooves provided on the axial ends of the slots in the side walls limiting the plane sliding surface, said intersecting grooves being wider in circumferential direction than said-slots; and a casing enveloping said rotor and having abutment means for reciprocating said vane during rotation of said rotor between a position located within said rotor slot, and an advanced position located almost entirely outside of said central part and supported at the ends thereof in the slot portions in said side walls.

2. In a rotary fluid handling device, a machine rotor having a central rotor part and a rotor side wall axially on each side of said central part and rigidly secured thereto and radially projecting therefrom, said rotor having at least one substantially radial slot therein extending diametrically through said central rotor part between opposite portions of the periphery of the same and into said rotor side walls, said slot being open at the periphery of said rotor and extending substantially radially along its axial length in said rotor, but terminating in the axial direction within said rotor side walls, said slot being adapted to receive a pair of rectangular sliding vanes having a width substantially equal to the diameter of said central rotor part, the longitudinal walls of said slot having plane sliding surfaces limiting said slot and adapted to engage with and guide said sliding vanes; and a casing enveloping said rotor and having abutment means for moving said vanes alternately between a retracted position located within said slot, and an advanced position located almost along the entire axial length and Width thereof outside of the slot portion in said central rotor part, and supported at the ends thereof in the slot portions in said side walls.

3. The fluid handling device of claim 1 wherein said intersecting grooves are provided between the walls of said slots.

4. In a rotary vane machine, a machine rotor having a central rotor part and a rotor side wall axially on each side of said central part and rigidly secured thereto and radially projecting therefrom, said rotor having at least two substantially radial slots therein substantially parallel to each other and extending through said central rotor part between opposite portions of the periphery of the same and-into said rotor side walls, each of said slots being open at the periphery of said'rotor and extending substantially radially along its axial length in said rotor, but terminating in the axial direction within said rotor side walls, each of said slots being adopted to receive a rectangular sliding vane having a width substantially equal to the diameter of said central rotor part, at least one of the longitudinal walls of each of said slots having a plane sliding surface limiting said slot and adapted to engage with and guide one of said sliding vanes; and a casing enveloping said rotor and having abutment means for moving said vanes alternately between a retracted position located within said slot, and an advanced position located almost along the entire axial length and width thereof outside of the slot portion in said central rotor part, and supported at the ends thereof in the slot portions in said side walls.

5. In a rotary vane machine, a rotor as defined'in claim 4, having at least two of said slots substantially parallel to and spaced from each other so as to be separated by an intermediate web from each other.

6. In a rotary vane machine, a machine rotor having a central rotor partand a rotor side wall axially on each side of said central part and rigidly secured thereto and radially projecting therefrom, said rotor having at least two opposite substantially radial slots therein diametrically extending through said central rotor part between opposite portions of the periphery of the same and into said rotor side Walls, said two slots being open at substantially diametrically opposite sides of the periphery of said rotor and extending substantially radially along their axial length in said rotor, but terminating in the axial direction within said rotor side walls, said two slots being parallel and olfset to each other by a distance substantially equal to the width of one of said slots so that each of said opposite slots has one longitudinal wall disposed substantially within the same plane as the corresponding longitudinal wall of the opposite slot, each of said slots being adapted to receive a rectangular sliding vane having a width substantially equal to the diameter of said central rotor part", each slot having a plane sliding surface engaging with and adapted to guide one of said vanes, said tWo vanes adapted to slide along each other when moving radially toward and away from each other within said central rotor part; and a casing enveloping said rotor and having abutment means for moving said vanes alternately between a retracted position located within said slot, and an advanced position located almost along the entire axial length and width thereof outside of the slot portion in said central rotor part, and supported at the ends thereof in the slot portions in said side Walls.

7. A displacement device comprising a vane guiding body, a closure body and housing means for hearing said bodies for rotary movement of one of said bodies relatively to the other of said bodies;

said vane guiding body having a central portion and end portions, said end portions extending radially beyond said central portion, innermost faces provided on said end portions for partially embracing the end faces of the closure body which is partially contained between said end members of said vane guiding body and closes a working chamber between said central portion and said end portions of said vane guiding body and said closure body; said closure body having a closure face for defining and verifying the radial distance relatively to the vane guiding body; passage means through one of said bodies for passing matter therethrough;

at least one recess extending into and in radial direction substantially diametrically through the vane guiding body and forming partially at least a pair of slot means; each of said slot means extending through the center portion between opposite portions of the periphery of the same and into both end portions of said vane guiding body and said slot means being extended in substantially one radial direction to and through the radial outer face of the central portion and both end portions of said vane guiding body; said slot means forming guide faces on longitudinal walls of the slot portions in the end portions of the vane guiding body; at least one rectangular vane having a width substantially equal to the diameter of said central rotor part located in each of said slot means for substantial radial movement therein and for dividing said working chamber into a plurality of intervane spaces which periodically increase and decrease their volume for taking in and expelling matter during operation of the device; said vanes having sealing portions for partially sliding engage ment with the closure face of the closure body, having end portions on both axial ends for being received and guided each one on a guide face on a longitudinal wall of the slot means in the respective end portion of said vane guiding body and having a pair of longitudinal plane faces extending substantially over the whole length of the vane;

the vanes partially entering into said diametrically extending recess portion and moving therein radially towards each other or away from each other when the machine operates and the diametrically extending slot portion being formed to constitute a guide for the pair of vanes so that one face of a pair of longitudinal plane faces of each vane of a pair of vanes engages partially a guide face on a slot wall in the vane guiding body and so that both vanes of said pair of vanes are relatively to each other located so that the other faces of each pair of longitudinal plane faces of the pair of vanes, at least sometimes engage each other and move partially through the axis of the vane guiding body when the device operates; said housing means having abutment means for moving said vanes alternately between a retracted position located within said slot means, and an advanced position located almost along the entire axial length and Width thereof outside of the slot portion in said central part, and supported at the ends thereof in the slot portions in said end members.

8. The device of claim 7 wherein the vanes are extending with almost their entire radial extension out of the central portion of the vane guiding body during their most outward location during operation of the device, and are located entirely in said central portion in their innermost position.

9. In a rotary fluid handling device, in combination, a rotor having a central rotor part and a pair of rotor side walls at the ends of said central rotor part and having a greater diameter than the same so as to radially project therefrom, said rotor having at least one slot extending diametrically entirely through said central rotor part between peripheral portions of the same, and also extending into the confronting surfaces of said side Walls, but terminating in axial direction within said rotor side walls; at least one rectangular vane having a width substantially equal to the diameter of said central rotor portion and an axial length equal to the axial length of said slot, and being mounted in said slot for movement between a position fully retracted into said central rotor part and an advanced position located almost entirely outside of said central part while having the ends thereof located in the portions of said slot in said confronting surfaces of said side walls so that said vane is supported at the ends thereof; and a casing enveloping said rotor and said vane and having abutment means engaged by said vane during rotation of said rotor so that said vane is reciprocated between said retracted and advanced positions.

10. The apparatus claimed in claim 9 comprising two vanes; wherein the portions of said slot in said confronting surfaces of said side walls located on opposite sides of said central rotor part, are circumferentially staggered and have substantially half the Width of the portion of the slot in said central rotor part for slidably guiding the ends of said vanes, said slot portion in said central rotor part having a width corresponding to the thickness of said two vanes in superposed position.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 522,802 7/1894 Rohlf 103137 1,626,510 4/1927 Chase 103137 2,334,763 11/1943 Hawkins 103-l37 2,899,903 8/1959 Ryder 103-137 FOREIGN PATENTS 12,667 1905 Great Britain.

HENRY F. RADUAZO, Primary Examiner.