US3384440A - Ignition devices - Google Patents

Ignition devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3384440A
US3384440A US441450A US44145065A US3384440A US 3384440 A US3384440 A US 3384440A US 441450 A US441450 A US 441450A US 44145065 A US44145065 A US 44145065A US 3384440 A US3384440 A US 3384440A
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Prior art keywords
source
switch
voltage source
series
high frequency
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Expired - Lifetime
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US441450A
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English (en)
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Mayer Ferdy
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APPAREILLAGE THERMOFLEX
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APPAREILLAGE THERMOFLEX
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
    • F23Q3/004—Using semiconductor elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/36—Spark ignition, e.g. by means of a high voltage

Definitions

  • the ignition device comprises an arc-producing element placed in the vicinity of the burner and fed on the one hand, by the output of an alternating voltage low voltage source and, on the other hand, by the output of a high-voltage pulse generator which is itself fed by the output of said alternating voltage source, said device being characterised in that it comprises means placed between said element and said source for isolating said source from the high frequency current components of the arcs produced across said element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 1 equipped with one improvement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of FIG. 1 equipped with another improvement according to the present invention.
  • a fixed electrode spark gap 11 there is disposed, in a combustion chamber 10 and in proximity to a burner to be ignited (not shown) a fixed electrode spark gap 11.
  • This spark gap is fed by an alternating low voltage source 12 through the intermediary of the fine-wire secondary winding 13 of a step-up transformer 14 and, in each lead to gap 11, is connected to a capacitor 15 in series with a high frequency choke coil 16.
  • the source 12 which could be constituted by an electrical power mains, also feeds the primary winding 17 of a low voltage transformer 18 whose secondary winding 19 is connected to the thick-wire primary winding 20 of step-up transformer 14 through the intermediary of an inductance 21 and an auxiliary fixed-electrode spark gap 22.
  • the secondary winding 19 of transformer 18 also Cir feeds a capacitor 23 through inductance 21.
  • a protective capacitor 24 is connected in parallel across the series circuit of principal spark gap 11 and secondary 13.
  • the voltage output from source 12 becomes sufficient to trigger a spark between the electrodes of spark gap 22.
  • Transformer 14 constitutes, in effect, a Tesla coil and the spark appearing between electrodes of spark gap 11 represents a Tesla-type discharge.
  • This spark is reheated by the low voltage applied across the spark gap directly from source 12, is thereby prolonged during a portion of, or during the entire duration of, the instant half-cycle of the output voltage from source 12, and is capable of bringing about the ignition of the fuel issuing from the burner with which spark gap 11 is associated.
  • the spark appearing across gap 11 thus has the form of a high energy density are which is capable of efficiently igniting relatively heavy fuels.
  • the generation of a satisfactory arc requires, of course, that for a given output voltage from source 12 and a given type of fuel, the electrodes of spark gap 11 be separated from one another by an appropriate distance to give the spark gap a suitable length.
  • capacitor 24 The principal function of capacitor 24 is to act as a short circuit path for the train of high frequency waves generated by the high voltage pulse, while the choke coils 16 serve to isolate the high-frequency components of the high voltage pulses from the supply mains and capacitors 15 act as low-frequency and D.C. current limiters.
  • Capacitors 15 could be replaced by any suitable type of impedances serving to limit the current to source 12. According to one preferred arrangement, these impedances could be constituted by a plurality of electrochemical capacitors connected in a series-aiding relation, or by wound resistances whose self inductances intervene to block the high frequency components of the spark.
  • FIG. 2 shows a variation of the above-described circuit in which the various elements are identical with, and have the same function as, the like-numbered elements of FIG. 1.
  • the only difference presented by the FIG. 2 circuit resides in the fact that the device has been simplified by the elimination of capacitor 24 and by the placing of spark gap 11 in parallel across secondary winding 13.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show various improvements intended to complete and improve the above-described device.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown a device which is identical with that of FIG. 1, with the addition of a switch 25 in series between source 12 and primary winding 17 and a bimetallic protective element 26 associated with a heating resistance placed in series between source 12 and spark gap 11, said protective element being mechanically connected to said switch to open the latter when the heat generated by the heating resistor causes the bimetallic element to deflect to a predetermined degree.
  • the low voltage current flowing through the resistance associated with element 26 achieves a relatively high average value, of the order of ma. for example.
  • This current is used to detect the presence of an arc in that it causes sufficient heat to be produced by the resistance to deflect element 26 to a point where it opens switch 25, deactivating the circuit feeding auxiliary spark gap 22.
  • This result is desirable because the presence of an arc across gap 11 generates a flame and this renders the production of further high voltage arc-producing pulses unnecessary, and because the opening of switch 25 protects the burner from further high-voltage sparks across gap 11.
  • element 26 can be replaced by any other type of actuating means, such as a relay coil, if an instantaneous or time-delayed action is desired.
  • FIG. 4 the ignition spark gap 11 is shown to be placed in the zone occupied by the flame of a burner 38, and the mains 12 are shown to also feed a protective relay 31 through the intermediary of a coldcathode thyratron 32 the control electrode of which re ceives its input from a potentiometer formed by spark gap 11 and a resistor 33 connected in parallel with a capacitor 34.
  • a normally open switch 35 is connected in series between gap 11 and resistor 33 and is operated by a temperature-sensitive bimetallic blade 36 having an associated heating resistance connected between the source 12 and spark gap 11.
  • a normally closed switch is connected in series between mains 12 and primary 17 and is mechanically linked to be operated by blade 36. All of the other circuit elements are identical with the likenumbered elements of FIG. 1.
  • Relay 31 is provided with switches which operate, upon the de-energization of this relay, certain protective systems (not shown). For example, one such switch could operate to turn off the supply of fuel to burner 30 and to disconnect mains 12 when the relay is de-energized. These systems must be manually re-activated when it is desired to re-ignite the burner and must be held in their activated condition until relay 31 once again becomes energized.
  • an ignition device for said burner comprising: an alternating low-voltage source; a high-voltage Tesla pulse generator; an are producing element composed of a pair of suitably spaced electrodes; circuit means connected between said element and both said source and said generator for applying the output voltages from said source and said generator across said electrodes; and high-frequency isolating means connecting directly between said element and said source for isolating said source from the high frequency current components of the discharge produced across said element and adapted to pass low-frequency current components through said element.
  • said isolating means comprises at least one high-frequency choke coil connected in series between one side of said element and one of the outputs of said source.
  • a device as defined in claim 2 wherein said isolating means further comprises at least one filter capacitor connected in series with said coil.
  • said isolating means further comprises a second high-frequency choke coil and a second filter capacitor connected in series with one another and between the other side of said element and a second one of the outputs of said source.
  • An arrangement as defined in claim 1 further comprising current detecting means connected to said element for disconnecting said source from said generator after current has flowed through said element for a predetermined period of time.
  • said current detecting means comprises a heating resistor connected in series between said element and said source and a thermosensitive member which changes shape as a result of changes in its temperature, said member being mounted in heat exchange relation with said resistor.
  • said detecting means further comprises a normally closed switch connected in series between said source and said generator, and control means connected between said thermosensitive member and said switch for opening the latter in response to a predetermined current flow through said resistor.
  • control means is constituted by a direct mechanical linkage between said member and said switch.
  • control means comprises: an electronic switch having a principal current flow path and a control input; an input circuit connected to said control input to trigger the flow of current in said path; a relay coil connected in series with said path and mounted to open said normally closed switch when current flows in said path; a normally open switch connected between said element and said input circuit; and link means connected between said thermosensitive member and said normally open switch for closing the latter when said member has been heated to a predetermined temperature by the current flowing through said resistor thereby connecting said arc-producing element to said input circuit to permit current flowing through said element to cause said input circuit to trigger the flow of current in said path.
  • a device as defined in claim 9 wherein said burner is placed to have the fuel flowing therefrom ignited by the arcs produced across said arc-producing element and to have its ionized exhaust gasses envelope said element so that, after the production of arcs has been terminated by the opening of said normally closed switch, a suflicient ionization current flows across said element to maintain said thermosensitive member at least at said predetermined temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US441450A 1964-03-24 1965-03-22 Ignition devices Expired - Lifetime US3384440A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR968463A FR1401241A (fr) 1964-03-24 1964-03-24 Dispositif d'allumage, de protection et de contrôle de flamme, pour brûleur du genre brûleur à mazout ou analogue

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US3384440A true US3384440A (en) 1968-05-21

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US441450A Expired - Lifetime US3384440A (en) 1964-03-24 1965-03-22 Ignition devices

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US (1) US3384440A (fr)
DE (1) DE1526248A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1401241A (fr)
GB (1) GB1075321A (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3463963A (en) * 1967-12-28 1969-08-26 Controls Co Of America Spark ignition circuit
US3504992A (en) * 1966-04-05 1970-04-07 Fenwal Inc Pulsed spark gas ignition and flame monitoring system
US3520645A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-07-14 Maytag Co Control system for a fuel burner
US3711237A (en) * 1971-03-09 1973-01-16 Motobecane Ateliers Ignition and control devices for fuel burners
US3718423A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-02-27 Johnson Service Co Automatic fuel ignition system
US3806305A (en) * 1972-11-16 1974-04-23 Johnson Service Co Solid state spark ignition circuit with automatic shut-off
JPS4948464A (fr) * 1972-01-25 1974-05-10
US3813581A (en) * 1973-09-21 1974-05-28 Cam Stat Inc Spark igniter for a plurality of gas burners
US3818277A (en) * 1973-04-10 1974-06-18 Braun Ag Start device for battery igniter
US3824432A (en) * 1972-09-06 1974-07-16 Braun Ag Battery igniter
US3832123A (en) * 1972-11-15 1974-08-27 Kidde & Co Walter Burner control system
US3894273A (en) * 1974-05-17 1975-07-08 Jr Harry E Newport Spark ignition circuit for gas burners
US10667547B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2020-06-02 Continuus Pharmeceuticals, Inc. Continuous drum dryer and methods of use thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1688126A (en) * 1926-05-06 1928-10-16 Socony Burner Corp Method of and apparatus for control of liquid-fuel burners
US1880871A (en) * 1930-12-04 1932-10-04 Minneapolishoneywell Regulator Flame controlled system
US1920115A (en) * 1933-07-25 A cobpo
US2238892A (en) * 1937-03-27 1941-04-22 Partlow Corp Burner control apparatus
GB819099A (en) * 1956-06-20 1959-08-26 Colne Switchgear K & W Ltd Improvements in flame detector or flame failure protection systems

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1920115A (en) * 1933-07-25 A cobpo
US1688126A (en) * 1926-05-06 1928-10-16 Socony Burner Corp Method of and apparatus for control of liquid-fuel burners
US1880871A (en) * 1930-12-04 1932-10-04 Minneapolishoneywell Regulator Flame controlled system
US2238892A (en) * 1937-03-27 1941-04-22 Partlow Corp Burner control apparatus
GB819099A (en) * 1956-06-20 1959-08-26 Colne Switchgear K & W Ltd Improvements in flame detector or flame failure protection systems

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3504992A (en) * 1966-04-05 1970-04-07 Fenwal Inc Pulsed spark gas ignition and flame monitoring system
US3463963A (en) * 1967-12-28 1969-08-26 Controls Co Of America Spark ignition circuit
US3520645A (en) * 1968-05-24 1970-07-14 Maytag Co Control system for a fuel burner
US3711237A (en) * 1971-03-09 1973-01-16 Motobecane Ateliers Ignition and control devices for fuel burners
US3718423A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-02-27 Johnson Service Co Automatic fuel ignition system
JPS4948464A (fr) * 1972-01-25 1974-05-10
US3824432A (en) * 1972-09-06 1974-07-16 Braun Ag Battery igniter
US3832123A (en) * 1972-11-15 1974-08-27 Kidde & Co Walter Burner control system
US3806305A (en) * 1972-11-16 1974-04-23 Johnson Service Co Solid state spark ignition circuit with automatic shut-off
US3818277A (en) * 1973-04-10 1974-06-18 Braun Ag Start device for battery igniter
US3813581A (en) * 1973-09-21 1974-05-28 Cam Stat Inc Spark igniter for a plurality of gas burners
US3894273A (en) * 1974-05-17 1975-07-08 Jr Harry E Newport Spark ignition circuit for gas burners
US10667547B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2020-06-02 Continuus Pharmeceuticals, Inc. Continuous drum dryer and methods of use thereof

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Publication number Publication date
DE1526248A1 (de) 1969-06-04
GB1075321A (en) 1967-07-12
FR1401241A (fr) 1965-06-04

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