US3380614A - Thermal insulation under vacuum - Google Patents
Thermal insulation under vacuum Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3380614A US3380614A US325021A US32502163A US3380614A US 3380614 A US3380614 A US 3380614A US 325021 A US325021 A US 325021A US 32502163 A US32502163 A US 32502163A US 3380614 A US3380614 A US 3380614A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sheets
- aluminum sheets
- thermal insulation
- container walls
- under vacuum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
Definitions
- the present invention concerns heat insulation under vacuum, including means of reflecting infra-red radiation, and intermediate means of a material of low heat conductibility, in particular for containers of liquified gas at low temperature, such as liquid nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and helium.
- the material generally used for the thin sheets has been glass, by virtue of the ease of manufacture of glass fibres of very small diameter (a few microns or even less).
- various oxides such as silica gels, diatomaceous earth, or the natural silicate known as perlite have been used.
- thermal insulation allows for the storage of liquefied gases for several days with acceptable losses by vaporization, the development of the use of extremely volatile gases such as hydrogen or helium in the liquid state, require the development of heat insulation still more eflicient than that already known, in order to keep the liquefied gases for long periods in containers whose insulation is not to increase the volume excessively.
- the residual thermal conduction in known insulation is largely due to the fact that the material of the intermediate means, such as glass, silica gel or perlite, has a high absorption coefficient for infra-red radiation.
- the material of the intermediate means such as glass, silica gel or perlite
- this property is to reduce the transmission of infra-red radiation from a reflecting means situated in a relatively warmer zone towards the adjacent reflecting means situated in a relatively cooler zone, it has been observed that this favourable effect was more than compensated for by the undesirable effect due to the diminution in the reflection coefiicient of the reflecting means because of its contact with particles of a partially absorbing material 56ning effect of the reflecting means).
- the thermal insulation is characterised in that the material of the given intermediate means possesses a high infra-red transmission coefficient, at least in the range of wave lengths corresponding to the heat emission in the temperature zone in which the intermediate means is situated.
- FIGURE 1 is a graph showing transmission coefficient 'ice T in percent as a function of the infra-red wavelength
- FIGURE 2 shows a structure of heat insulation material in a diagrammatic, schematic, cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- This material is particularly suitable in the temperature zone between 150 and K.
- arsenic pentaselenide, As Se can also be used, and in the zone between 250 K. and 150 K., polyethylene or polystyrene may be used.
- FIG. 2 of the drawing shows a thermal insulation structure made up by the stacking of thin sheets 4 of polished aluminium, separated by sheets 5 each comprising a polytetrafluoroethylene fabric of thickness 0.16 mm.
- the average mesh Width of the fabric is 2 mm. and each thread of the fabric comprises 15 elementary fibres of polytetrafluoroethylene of 18 microns diameter, the diameter of the thread obtained being 160 microns.
- the area density of the fabric obtained is 23.6 gm./m.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene used had an infrared transmission coefficient, in the wavelength range between 25 and 45 microns inclusive, of between 75 and (see graph in FIG.
- the thermal insulation structure thus far described is disposed in a vacuum space 3 afforded by the inner wall 1 and the outer wall 2 of a container for liquefied gases.
- a heat insulating structure for containers for liquefied gases at low temperatures comprising in an evacuated space between an inner and an outer wall, a plurality of reflective polished aluminum sheets spaced apart within said evacuated space and being substantially parallel to said container walls for reflecting infrared radiation, and intermediate spacing means comprising sheets of a woven fabric of polytetrafluoroethylene, in which there are empty spaces between the weft and the warp threads, said spacing means being disposed between said aluminum sheets and between said aluminum sheets and at least one of said container walls and in contiguous relation therewith, and possessing a high infrared transmission coeflicient in the wavelength range for heat emission in the temperature zone in which said intermediate means is situated.
- a heat insulating structure for containers for liquefied gases at low temperatures comprising in an evacuated space between an inner and an outer wall, a plurality of reflective polished aluminum sheets spaced apart within said evacuated space and being substantially parallel to said container walls for reflecting infrared radiation, and intermediate spacing means comprising sheets of a woven fabric of a polymer from the group consisting essentially of polyethylene and polystyrene, being effective from 150 K.
- said spacing means being disposed between said aluminum sheets and between said aluminum sheets and at least one of said container walls and in contiguous relation therewith, and possessing a high infrared transmission coefiicient in the wavelength range for heat emission in the temperature Zone in which said intermediate means is situated.
- a heat insulating structure for containers for liquefied gases at a low temperatures comprising in an evacuated space between an inner and an outer wall, a plurality of reflective polished aluminum sheets spaced apart within said evacuated space and being substantially parallel to said container walls for reflecting infrared radiation, and intermediate spacing means comprising sheets of a woven fabric of arsenic pentaselenide, being effective from 250 K. to ambient room temperature, in which there are empty spaces between the weft and the warp threads, said spacing means being disposed between said aluminum sheets and between said aluminum sheets and at least one of said container walls and in contiguous relation therewith, and possessing a high infrared transmission coefficient in the wavelength range for heat emission in the temperature zone in which said intermediate means is situated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR917160 | 1962-11-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3380614A true US3380614A (en) | 1968-04-30 |
Family
ID=8791877
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US325021A Expired - Lifetime US3380614A (en) | 1962-11-30 | 1963-11-20 | Thermal insulation under vacuum |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3380614A (xx) |
BE (1) | BE639841A (xx) |
ES (1) | ES293752A1 (xx) |
FR (1) | FR1348589A (xx) |
GB (1) | GB1056460A (xx) |
LU (1) | LU44815A1 (xx) |
NL (1) | NL300854A (xx) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4044911A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1977-08-30 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Heat insulation system |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1151321A (en) * | 1914-07-06 | 1915-08-24 | Amos W Woodward | Refrigerator. |
CA488767A (en) * | 1952-12-09 | Paul Herbert Ebbinghaus Holgersson Sigbjorn | Digesters for cooking cellulose | |
US2804886A (en) * | 1955-11-04 | 1957-09-03 | Charles S White | Low friction fabric material |
US2910763A (en) * | 1955-08-17 | 1959-11-03 | Du Pont | Felt-like products |
US2930714A (en) * | 1959-03-05 | 1960-03-29 | Sprague Electric Co | Method of impregnating polytetrafluoroethylene material with n-vinyl carbazole |
FR1264507A (fr) * | 1960-04-27 | 1961-06-23 | Air Liquide | Nouvel isolant thermique à haute efficacité |
US3007596A (en) * | 1956-07-16 | 1961-11-07 | Union Carbide Corp | Thermal insulation |
US3018016A (en) * | 1959-09-24 | 1962-01-23 | Nat Res Corp | Vacuum device |
US3136680A (en) * | 1960-08-15 | 1964-06-09 | Du Pont | Polytetrafluoroethylene copper laminate |
US3199715A (en) * | 1962-07-20 | 1965-08-10 | Union Carbide Corp | Insulation construction |
-
0
- FR FR1348589D patent/FR1348589A/fr not_active Expired
- NL NL300854D patent/NL300854A/xx unknown
- BE BE639841D patent/BE639841A/xx unknown
-
1963
- 1963-11-14 LU LU44815D patent/LU44815A1/xx unknown
- 1963-11-20 US US325021A patent/US3380614A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-11-22 ES ES0293752A patent/ES293752A1/es not_active Expired
- 1963-11-29 GB GB47340/63A patent/GB1056460A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA488767A (en) * | 1952-12-09 | Paul Herbert Ebbinghaus Holgersson Sigbjorn | Digesters for cooking cellulose | |
US1151321A (en) * | 1914-07-06 | 1915-08-24 | Amos W Woodward | Refrigerator. |
US2910763A (en) * | 1955-08-17 | 1959-11-03 | Du Pont | Felt-like products |
US2804886A (en) * | 1955-11-04 | 1957-09-03 | Charles S White | Low friction fabric material |
US3007596A (en) * | 1956-07-16 | 1961-11-07 | Union Carbide Corp | Thermal insulation |
US2930714A (en) * | 1959-03-05 | 1960-03-29 | Sprague Electric Co | Method of impregnating polytetrafluoroethylene material with n-vinyl carbazole |
US3018016A (en) * | 1959-09-24 | 1962-01-23 | Nat Res Corp | Vacuum device |
FR1264507A (fr) * | 1960-04-27 | 1961-06-23 | Air Liquide | Nouvel isolant thermique à haute efficacité |
US3136680A (en) * | 1960-08-15 | 1964-06-09 | Du Pont | Polytetrafluoroethylene copper laminate |
US3199715A (en) * | 1962-07-20 | 1965-08-10 | Union Carbide Corp | Insulation construction |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4044911A (en) * | 1973-07-13 | 1977-08-30 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Heat insulation system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES293752A1 (es) | 1964-02-16 |
NL300854A (xx) | |
BE639841A (xx) | |
LU44815A1 (xx) | 1964-01-14 |
GB1056460A (en) | 1967-01-25 |
FR1348589A (xx) | 1964-04-10 |
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