US3380614A - Thermal insulation under vacuum - Google Patents

Thermal insulation under vacuum Download PDF

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Publication number
US3380614A
US3380614A US325021A US32502163A US3380614A US 3380614 A US3380614 A US 3380614A US 325021 A US325021 A US 325021A US 32502163 A US32502163 A US 32502163A US 3380614 A US3380614 A US 3380614A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheets
aluminum sheets
thermal insulation
container walls
under vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US325021A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lecomte Jean
Gans Francois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3380614A publication Critical patent/US3380614A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns heat insulation under vacuum, including means of reflecting infra-red radiation, and intermediate means of a material of low heat conductibility, in particular for containers of liquified gas at low temperature, such as liquid nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and helium.
  • the material generally used for the thin sheets has been glass, by virtue of the ease of manufacture of glass fibres of very small diameter (a few microns or even less).
  • various oxides such as silica gels, diatomaceous earth, or the natural silicate known as perlite have been used.
  • thermal insulation allows for the storage of liquefied gases for several days with acceptable losses by vaporization, the development of the use of extremely volatile gases such as hydrogen or helium in the liquid state, require the development of heat insulation still more eflicient than that already known, in order to keep the liquefied gases for long periods in containers whose insulation is not to increase the volume excessively.
  • the residual thermal conduction in known insulation is largely due to the fact that the material of the intermediate means, such as glass, silica gel or perlite, has a high absorption coefficient for infra-red radiation.
  • the material of the intermediate means such as glass, silica gel or perlite
  • this property is to reduce the transmission of infra-red radiation from a reflecting means situated in a relatively warmer zone towards the adjacent reflecting means situated in a relatively cooler zone, it has been observed that this favourable effect was more than compensated for by the undesirable effect due to the diminution in the reflection coefiicient of the reflecting means because of its contact with particles of a partially absorbing material 56ning effect of the reflecting means).
  • the thermal insulation is characterised in that the material of the given intermediate means possesses a high infra-red transmission coefficient, at least in the range of wave lengths corresponding to the heat emission in the temperature zone in which the intermediate means is situated.
  • FIGURE 1 is a graph showing transmission coefficient 'ice T in percent as a function of the infra-red wavelength
  • FIGURE 2 shows a structure of heat insulation material in a diagrammatic, schematic, cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • This material is particularly suitable in the temperature zone between 150 and K.
  • arsenic pentaselenide, As Se can also be used, and in the zone between 250 K. and 150 K., polyethylene or polystyrene may be used.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawing shows a thermal insulation structure made up by the stacking of thin sheets 4 of polished aluminium, separated by sheets 5 each comprising a polytetrafluoroethylene fabric of thickness 0.16 mm.
  • the average mesh Width of the fabric is 2 mm. and each thread of the fabric comprises 15 elementary fibres of polytetrafluoroethylene of 18 microns diameter, the diameter of the thread obtained being 160 microns.
  • the area density of the fabric obtained is 23.6 gm./m.
  • the polytetrafluoroethylene used had an infrared transmission coefficient, in the wavelength range between 25 and 45 microns inclusive, of between 75 and (see graph in FIG.
  • the thermal insulation structure thus far described is disposed in a vacuum space 3 afforded by the inner wall 1 and the outer wall 2 of a container for liquefied gases.
  • a heat insulating structure for containers for liquefied gases at low temperatures comprising in an evacuated space between an inner and an outer wall, a plurality of reflective polished aluminum sheets spaced apart within said evacuated space and being substantially parallel to said container walls for reflecting infrared radiation, and intermediate spacing means comprising sheets of a woven fabric of polytetrafluoroethylene, in which there are empty spaces between the weft and the warp threads, said spacing means being disposed between said aluminum sheets and between said aluminum sheets and at least one of said container walls and in contiguous relation therewith, and possessing a high infrared transmission coeflicient in the wavelength range for heat emission in the temperature zone in which said intermediate means is situated.
  • a heat insulating structure for containers for liquefied gases at low temperatures comprising in an evacuated space between an inner and an outer wall, a plurality of reflective polished aluminum sheets spaced apart within said evacuated space and being substantially parallel to said container walls for reflecting infrared radiation, and intermediate spacing means comprising sheets of a woven fabric of a polymer from the group consisting essentially of polyethylene and polystyrene, being effective from 150 K.
  • said spacing means being disposed between said aluminum sheets and between said aluminum sheets and at least one of said container walls and in contiguous relation therewith, and possessing a high infrared transmission coefiicient in the wavelength range for heat emission in the temperature Zone in which said intermediate means is situated.
  • a heat insulating structure for containers for liquefied gases at a low temperatures comprising in an evacuated space between an inner and an outer wall, a plurality of reflective polished aluminum sheets spaced apart within said evacuated space and being substantially parallel to said container walls for reflecting infrared radiation, and intermediate spacing means comprising sheets of a woven fabric of arsenic pentaselenide, being effective from 250 K. to ambient room temperature, in which there are empty spaces between the weft and the warp threads, said spacing means being disposed between said aluminum sheets and between said aluminum sheets and at least one of said container walls and in contiguous relation therewith, and possessing a high infrared transmission coefficient in the wavelength range for heat emission in the temperature zone in which said intermediate means is situated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US325021A 1962-11-30 1963-11-20 Thermal insulation under vacuum Expired - Lifetime US3380614A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR917160 1962-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3380614A true US3380614A (en) 1968-04-30

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ID=8791877

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US325021A Expired - Lifetime US3380614A (en) 1962-11-30 1963-11-20 Thermal insulation under vacuum

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3380614A (xx)
BE (1) BE639841A (xx)
ES (1) ES293752A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR1348589A (xx)
GB (1) GB1056460A (xx)
LU (1) LU44815A1 (xx)
NL (1) NL300854A (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044911A (en) * 1973-07-13 1977-08-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Heat insulation system

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1151321A (en) * 1914-07-06 1915-08-24 Amos W Woodward Refrigerator.
CA488767A (en) * 1952-12-09 Paul Herbert Ebbinghaus Holgersson Sigbjorn Digesters for cooking cellulose
US2804886A (en) * 1955-11-04 1957-09-03 Charles S White Low friction fabric material
US2910763A (en) * 1955-08-17 1959-11-03 Du Pont Felt-like products
US2930714A (en) * 1959-03-05 1960-03-29 Sprague Electric Co Method of impregnating polytetrafluoroethylene material with n-vinyl carbazole
FR1264507A (fr) * 1960-04-27 1961-06-23 Air Liquide Nouvel isolant thermique à haute efficacité
US3007596A (en) * 1956-07-16 1961-11-07 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulation
US3018016A (en) * 1959-09-24 1962-01-23 Nat Res Corp Vacuum device
US3136680A (en) * 1960-08-15 1964-06-09 Du Pont Polytetrafluoroethylene copper laminate
US3199715A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-08-10 Union Carbide Corp Insulation construction

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA488767A (en) * 1952-12-09 Paul Herbert Ebbinghaus Holgersson Sigbjorn Digesters for cooking cellulose
US1151321A (en) * 1914-07-06 1915-08-24 Amos W Woodward Refrigerator.
US2910763A (en) * 1955-08-17 1959-11-03 Du Pont Felt-like products
US2804886A (en) * 1955-11-04 1957-09-03 Charles S White Low friction fabric material
US3007596A (en) * 1956-07-16 1961-11-07 Union Carbide Corp Thermal insulation
US2930714A (en) * 1959-03-05 1960-03-29 Sprague Electric Co Method of impregnating polytetrafluoroethylene material with n-vinyl carbazole
US3018016A (en) * 1959-09-24 1962-01-23 Nat Res Corp Vacuum device
FR1264507A (fr) * 1960-04-27 1961-06-23 Air Liquide Nouvel isolant thermique à haute efficacité
US3136680A (en) * 1960-08-15 1964-06-09 Du Pont Polytetrafluoroethylene copper laminate
US3199715A (en) * 1962-07-20 1965-08-10 Union Carbide Corp Insulation construction

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044911A (en) * 1973-07-13 1977-08-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Heat insulation system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES293752A1 (es) 1964-02-16
NL300854A (xx)
BE639841A (xx)
LU44815A1 (xx) 1964-01-14
GB1056460A (en) 1967-01-25
FR1348589A (xx) 1964-04-10

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