US3379540A - Additive to sand moulds and cores - Google Patents
Additive to sand moulds and cores Download PDFInfo
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- US3379540A US3379540A US473851A US47385165A US3379540A US 3379540 A US3379540 A US 3379540A US 473851 A US473851 A US 473851A US 47385165 A US47385165 A US 47385165A US 3379540 A US3379540 A US 3379540A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cores
- sand
- additive
- bonded
- resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title description 27
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021540 colemanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011126 aluminium potassium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 peroxy compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940050271 potassium alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010678 Paulownia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002834 Paulownia tomentosa Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum dipotassium disodium dioxosilane iron(3+) oxocalcium oxomagnesium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].O=[Mg].O=[Ca].O=[Si]=O SHFGJEQAOUMGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KKKYJLNWARAYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexacalcium;tetraborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] KKKYJLNWARAYSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005058 metal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/02—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives
- B22C1/04—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by additives for special purposes, e.g. indicators, breakdown additives for protection of the casting, e.g. against decarbonisation
Definitions
- ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Pinning or veining produced on metal casting cast in sand moulds or around sand cores may be minimised by the incorporation into the sand mould or core of a proportion of colemanite or unexpanded perlite.
- This invention relates to said moulds and cores and more particularly to additives for sand moulds and cores which improve the characteristics thereof.
- the invention may be applied to sand moulds and cores incorporarting any organic binder but it is of greatest practical value in connection with oil-bonded sand cores as hereinafter set forth.
- the invention is concerned with the production of castings from non-skin-forming metals which are poured at above 750 C.
- metals are the cast irons (grey or modular) and copper based alloys such as lead-, tinand Phosphor-bronzes.
- Sand moulds and cores in which the bonding agent is oil, Le. a drying or semi-drying oil such as linseed, tung or oilicica, or mixtures of any of these, the oil being optionally in association with a cereal carbohydrate or the like, which usually include a metal, e.g. cobalt or lead, naphthenate as hardener, and which require stoving before use, show some tendency to finning and veining.
- Sand moulds and cores in which the binder is an air-drying oil (as above) together with an accelerator, e.g. an inorganic peroxy compound such as sodium perborate, show a slightly greater tendency to finning and veining.
- the resin-bonded sand moulds and cores generally exhibit the phenomenon to an appreciably greater extent: e.g. in the case of furane bonding resins which are set by heating the problem is very severe and in the case of furane bonding resins which are cold set the problem, though still severe, is not quite so serious.
- an oil-bonded or resin-bonded natural, synethetic or semisynthetic silica sand mould, or core containing less than 5% of clay, for use in casting non-skin forming metals, having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./ sq. cm. which includes as an additive to the composition of the sand mould or core, potassium nitrate, colemanite, unexpanded perlite, barium sulphate, sodium rnetaphosphate or potassium alum, or a mixture of any of said substances.
- the quantity of said substance or mixture of said substances suitable for addition to the material of the mould or core may be within the range 0.5 to 5% of the total weight of the dry mould or core, although a somewhat higher proportion may be required occasionally.
- a successful additive should not only prevent finning, but also maintain strength, the knock out properties should not be affected, nor must the bonding properties of the oil or the polymerisation of the resin be inhibited.
- the gas evolution must not be increased and the surface finish should be improved rather than impaired.
- the additives of this invention tend to fulfill all these requirements.
- the binder for the sand is a resin it is preferably a furane resin but other resin binders may be employed, e.g. phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resins. If desired there may be used, with any such resin binder, a diluent liquid which will assist in providing a suitably mouldable sand mix.
- the diluent liquid if used, should of course not have any deleterious inhibitory effect on the polymerisation or polycondensation of the resin whereby the resin hardens to give a rigid product.
- Suitable liquids for the purpose are inert mineral oils and the oil product sold commercially under the trademark Dutrex 55.
- 0.15% of a catalyst for a furane-type hot-box resin was then added and the mixture milled again followed by 2% by weight of a furane-type hot-box resin and the mixture milled again until all the additives were evenly distributed throughout the sand.
- the mixture was then fed to a conventional foundry core blower for the manufacture of cores, by the hot-box technique. These cores were incorporated in foundry moulds for the manufacture of castings of low phosphorus cast iron which was poured at 1400 C.
- Cores manufactures from this mixture had a dry compression strength of 57 kg./sq. cm. (this compares with the strength of approximately only 42 kg./sq. cm. when used without the anti-finning additive) and the castings produced were entirely free from veins or fins whereas there had previously been a severe level of scrapped castings because of the incidence of such faults.
- a mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which includes as an additive to the composition thereof, at least 0.5% by weight of a substance selected from the class consisting of colemanite and unexpanded perlite.
- a mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying compression strength of more than.
- a mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which includes, as an additive to the composition thereof, at least 0.5% by weight ofunexpanded perlite.
- Oil-bonded and resin-bonded natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic silica sand moulds and cores containing less than 5% of clay, for use in casting non-skin forming metals, having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which include as an additive to the composition thereof, a substance selected from the class consisting of colemanite and unexpanded perlite, the said additive being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
- a mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./ sq. cm. which includes as an additive to the composition thereof, a substance selected from the class consisting of colemanite and unexpanded perlite, the said additive being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
- a mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and
- a mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which includes, as an additive to the composition thereof, unexpanded perlite, the said additive being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Description
United States Patent ADDITIVES T0 SAND MOULDS AND CORES Derek Priestley Helliwell, Birmingham, England, assignor to Foseco International Limited, Birmingham, England,
a British company No Drawing. Filed July 21, 1965, Ser. No. 473,851 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Aug. 20, 1964,
34,116/64; Nov. 24, 1964, 47,774/64; Dec. 31, 1964,
8 Claims. (Cl. 106-385) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Pinning or veining produced on metal casting cast in sand moulds or around sand cores may be minimised by the incorporation into the sand mould or core of a proportion of colemanite or unexpanded perlite.
This invention relates to said moulds and cores and more particularly to additives for sand moulds and cores which improve the characteristics thereof. The invention may be applied to sand moulds and cores incorporarting any organic binder but it is of greatest practical value in connection with oil-bonded sand cores as hereinafter set forth.
The invention is concerned with the production of castings from non-skin-forming metals which are poured at above 750 C. Such metals are the cast irons (grey or modular) and copper based alloys such as lead-, tinand Phosphor-bronzes.
In producing castings of such metals using moulds or cores of oilbonded or resin-bonded natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic silica sands (i.e. which contain less than clay), which have a high dry compression strength, a ditiiculty sometimes arises which is known in the art as finning or veining. When such a sand core is heated by the molten metal it may develop surface cracks. The molten metal tends to enter these cracks and in consequence when the casting is stripped away from the core it may have projections corresponding to these cracks, so called fins or veins which of course must, where possible, afterwards be removed from the casting by a machining operation. The phenomenon of finning and veining thus leads to an increase in overall production costs. Moreover in some cases, e.g. where the finning or veining occurs in a narrow passage way of the casting, the removal of the fins or veins may not be a practical possibility.
The incidence of finning or veining appears to vary with the nature of the bonding agent. Sand moulds and cores which have inorganic binders, e.g. which are bonded with silicate, appear to show little tendency towards this phenomenon and such moulds and cores are therefore not included within the scope of this invention.
Sand moulds and cores in which the bonding agent is oil, Le. a drying or semi-drying oil such as linseed, tung or oilicica, or mixtures of any of these, the oil being optionally in association with a cereal carbohydrate or the like, which usually include a metal, e.g. cobalt or lead, naphthenate as hardener, and which require stoving before use, show some tendency to finning and veining. Sand moulds and cores in which the binder is an air-drying oil (as above) together with an accelerator, e.g. an inorganic peroxy compound such as sodium perborate, show a slightly greater tendency to finning and veining. The resin-bonded sand moulds and cores generally exhibit the phenomenon to an appreciably greater extent: e.g. in the case of furane bonding resins which are set by heating the problem is very severe and in the case of furane bonding resins which are cold set the problem, though still severe, is not quite so serious.
It is an object of the present invention to provide oilbonded or resin-bonded synthetic or washed silica sand moulds and cores of high dry compression strength, especially cores which contain certain additives tending to reduce the incidence of finning or veining to be used for casting non-skin forming metals.
According to the present invention, there is provided an oil-bonded or resin-bonded natural, synethetic or semisynthetic silica sand mould, or core containing less than 5% of clay, for use in casting non-skin forming metals, having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./ sq. cm. which includes as an additive to the composition of the sand mould or core, potassium nitrate, colemanite, unexpanded perlite, barium sulphate, sodium rnetaphosphate or potassium alum, or a mixture of any of said substances.
The reason why these substances function is not understood, especially since they are inherently dissimilar in chemical and physical properties. Potassium nitrate, barium sulphate, sodium metaphosphate and potassium alum are relatively simple chemical substances the characteristics of which are well known. Colemanite is a commercially available mineral of the approximate formula 2CaO-3B O -5H O. A naturally occurring hydrated calcium tetraborate, which in the anhydrous form melts at nearly 1000 C. and is also known as bore-calcite, and perlite is a mineral which, on heating, exfoliates to reduce its initial density of between 2 and 3 to a value very much below 1. It is believed that each of these substances acts in its own way to facilitate relative movement of the sand grains so that the expansion of the mould or core on heating can be taken up by the material of the mould or core without giving rise to cracking.
Generally speaking the quantity of said substance or mixture of said substances suitable for addition to the material of the mould or core may be within the range 0.5 to 5% of the total weight of the dry mould or core, although a somewhat higher proportion may be required occasionally.
It is to be noted however that a successful additive should not only prevent finning, but also maintain strength, the knock out properties should not be affected, nor must the bonding properties of the oil or the polymerisation of the resin be inhibited. The gas evolution must not be increased and the surface finish should be improved rather than impaired. The additives of this invention tend to fulfill all these requirements.
Where the binder for the sand is a resin it is preferably a furane resin but other resin binders may be employed, e.g. phenol-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde resins. If desired there may be used, with any such resin binder, a diluent liquid which will assist in providing a suitably mouldable sand mix. The diluent liquid, if used, should of course not have any deleterious inhibitory effect on the polymerisation or polycondensation of the resin whereby the resin hardens to give a rigid product. Suitable liquids for the purpose are inert mineral oils and the oil product sold commercially under the trademark Dutrex 55.
The use of the special additives of the present invention makes it possible to use a smaller amount of the resin binder While still obtaining a desired strength in the final product. The inclusion of a liquid diluent as just described makes the use of such smaller quantities of resin binder easier to handle in practice.
However, while the additives of the present invention reduce the incidence of finning or veining in such resinbonded sand moulds and cores the additives are not aL ways wholly successful in totally eliminating the phenomenon. On the other hand, applied to oil-bonded sand resins and cores as referred to above, substantially complete elimination of the finning and veining is achieved. The following examples will serve to illustrate the invention EXAMPLE 1 To Kings Lynn 85. sand, at fine washed silica sand, bonded with a hot-box furane resin, was added 0.5% by weight of the dry sand of the additives listed below. This mixture was milled until evenly dispersed. 0.15% of a catalyst for a furane-type hot-box resin was then added and the mixture milled again followed by 2% by weight of a furane-type hot-box resin and the mixture milled again until all the additives were evenly distributed throughout the sand. The mixture was then fed to a conventional foundry core blower for the manufacture of cores, by the hot-box technique. These cores were incorporated in foundry moulds for the manufacture of castings of low phosphorus cast iron which was poured at 1400 C.
The following results show that the three additives of this invention either used singly or in combination all tend to reduce finning on non-skin forming metals.
Percent composition of additive Dry strength, Finning The following sand mix was used for the manufacture of cores, for the manufacture of cast iron castings:
Congleton sand kg 181.6 Dextrin kg 2.72 Core oil c" 1120 Water cc 1680 Anti-finning (50/50 mixture of colemanite and unexpanded perlite) kg 1.82
Cores manufactures from this mixture had a dry compression strength of 57 kg./sq. cm. (this compares with the strength of approximately only 42 kg./sq. cm. when used without the anti-finning additive) and the castings produced were entirely free from veins or fins whereas there had previously been a severe level of scrapped castings because of the incidence of such faults.
I claim as my invention:
1. Oil-bonded and resin-bonded natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic silica sand moulds and cores containing less than 5% of clay, for use in casting non-skin forming metals, having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which include as an additive to the composition thereof, at least 0.5% by weight of a substance selected from the class consisting of colemanite and unexpanded perlite.
2. A mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which includes as an additive to the composition thereof, at least 0.5% by weight of a substance selected from the class consisting of colemanite and unexpanded perlite.
3. A mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying compression strength of more than.
14 kg./sq. cm. which includes, as an additive to the composition thereof, at least 0.5% by weight of colemanite.
4. A mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which includes, as an additive to the composition thereof, at least 0.5% by weight ofunexpanded perlite.
5. Oil-bonded and resin-bonded natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic silica sand moulds and cores containing less than 5% of clay, for use in casting non-skin forming metals, having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which include as an additive to the composition thereof, a substance selected from the class consisting of colemanite and unexpanded perlite, the said additive being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
6. A mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./ sq. cm. which includes as an additive to the composition thereof, a substance selected from the class consisting of colemanite and unexpanded perlite, the said additive being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
7. A mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and
having a dry compression strength of more than 14 r kg./sq. cm. which includes, as an additive to the composition thereof, colemanite, the said additive being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
8. A mould or core for use in casting non-skin forming metals which comprises essentially silica sand containing less than 5% by weight of clay and bonded by means of a drying oil and a cereal carbohydrate, and having a dry compression strength of more than 14 kg./sq. cm. which includes, as an additive to the composition thereof, unexpanded perlite, the said additive being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,237,592 4/1941 Dunbeck l06-38.9 2,426,000 8/1947 Cutler 106--38.7 X 2,789,331 4/1957 Dietert 22---l93 2,797,457 7/1957 Kramer 22-493 2,974,050 3/1961 Barlow 10638.5 3,104,230 9/1963 Dewey et al 22193 X ALEXANDER H. BRODMERKEL, Primary Examiner.
DONALD J. ARNOLD, Examiner.
L. B. HAYES, Assistant Examiner.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB34116/64A GB1078666A (en) | 1964-08-20 | 1964-08-20 | Additives to sand moulds and cores |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3379540A true US3379540A (en) | 1968-04-23 |
Family
ID=10361568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US473851A Expired - Lifetime US3379540A (en) | 1964-08-20 | 1965-07-21 | Additive to sand moulds and cores |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3379540A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1078666A (en) |
Cited By (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003041892A2 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-22 | The Hill And Griffith Company | Method of reducing veining defects in sand-based foundry shapes |
US20100224756A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2010-09-09 | Ashland-Sudchemie-Kernfest Gmbh | Moulding material mixture containing carbohydrates |
US20110139310A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-16 | Showman Ralph E | Foundry mixes containing sulfate and/or nitrate salts and their uses |
WO2012104096A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Ask Chemicals L.P. | Sand additives for molds/cores for metal casting |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2445185C1 (en) * | 2010-12-24 | 2012-03-20 | Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева" (НГТУ) | Mix for making casting cores and moulds |
RU2456115C1 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2012-07-20 | Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" | Moulding mix |
DE102012104934A1 (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Ask Chemicals Gmbh | Forstoffmischungen containing barium sulfate |
CN113084080B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-07-19 | 河南伟业新材料有限公司 | Anti-vein agent for casting production |
CN113102692B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-07-19 | 河南伟业新材料有限公司 | Manufacturing method of vein-proof sand core |
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US2237592A (en) * | 1939-11-27 | 1941-04-08 | Peerpatco Inc | Foundry composition and method |
US2426000A (en) * | 1946-03-15 | 1947-08-19 | J S Mccormick Co | Production of mold parts |
US2789331A (en) * | 1953-03-30 | 1957-04-23 | Harry W Dietert Company | Method and apparatus for making molds useful in casting |
US2797457A (en) * | 1954-06-29 | 1957-07-02 | Mercast Corp | Method of joining shell molds |
US2974050A (en) * | 1958-06-27 | 1961-03-07 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Core binder |
US3104230A (en) * | 1959-04-13 | 1963-09-17 | Dow Chemical Co | Foundry sand compositions containing polyelectrolytes and salts of the oxy acids of phosphorus and sulfur |
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- 1964-08-20 GB GB34116/64A patent/GB1078666A/en not_active Expired
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- 1965-07-21 US US473851A patent/US3379540A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US2237592A (en) * | 1939-11-27 | 1941-04-08 | Peerpatco Inc | Foundry composition and method |
US2426000A (en) * | 1946-03-15 | 1947-08-19 | J S Mccormick Co | Production of mold parts |
US2789331A (en) * | 1953-03-30 | 1957-04-23 | Harry W Dietert Company | Method and apparatus for making molds useful in casting |
US2797457A (en) * | 1954-06-29 | 1957-07-02 | Mercast Corp | Method of joining shell molds |
US2974050A (en) * | 1958-06-27 | 1961-03-07 | Int Minerals & Chem Corp | Core binder |
US3104230A (en) * | 1959-04-13 | 1963-09-17 | Dow Chemical Co | Foundry sand compositions containing polyelectrolytes and salts of the oxy acids of phosphorus and sulfur |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003041892A2 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-22 | The Hill And Griffith Company | Method of reducing veining defects in sand-based foundry shapes |
WO2003041892A3 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2005-07-21 | Hill And Griffith Company | Method of reducing veining defects in sand-based foundry shapes |
US20100224756A1 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2010-09-09 | Ashland-Sudchemie-Kernfest Gmbh | Moulding material mixture containing carbohydrates |
US20110139310A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-16 | Showman Ralph E | Foundry mixes containing sulfate and/or nitrate salts and their uses |
WO2011075221A1 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-06-23 | Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc | Foundry mixes containing sulfate and/or nitrate salts and their uses |
CN102762514A (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2012-10-31 | 亚世科化学有限公司 | Foundry mixes containing sulfate and/or nitrate salts and their uses |
US8426493B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2013-04-23 | Ask Chemicals L.P. | Foundry mixes containing sulfate and/or nitrate salts and their uses |
WO2012104096A1 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Ask Chemicals L.P. | Sand additives for molds/cores for metal casting |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1078666A (en) | 1967-08-09 |
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