Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F2/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from viscose
  • D01F2/08—Composition of the spinning solution or the bath
  • D01F2/10—Addition to the spinning solution or spinning bath of substances which exert their effect equally well in either
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters

Definitions

• ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for producing rayon threads from viscose which includes the steps of spinning viscose containing not greater than 0.04% by weight, based on the weight of the viscose, of at least one aliphatic ether that contains from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, is liquid at 20 C., is miscible with carbon disulfide, is practically immiscible with water, and has a boiling point higher than that of carbon disulfide, into an acidic spinning bath to produce spinning filaments therein, forming thread from the spinning filaments within said bath and drawing the resulting thread from the bath, thereby obtaining thread having a glossy appearance and preventing the formation of large gas bubbles within the spinning filaments.
• This invention relates to a process for producing rayon threads by spinning viscose into a spinning bath and to the rayon threads produced thereby.
• this invention relates to a process in which viscose containing certain ethers is spun in a spinning bath to form improved rayon threads (or yarns), to the rayon threads per se, and to the rayon staple fibers and fabrics made from the threads.
• viscose In the production of rayon threads viscose is extruded through a spinning nozzle into a spinning bath which contains sulfuric acid as well as certain salts. Thereafter, the freshly formed rayon threads are stretched and wound.
• the salts most commonly used in a spinning bath are sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and ammonium sulfate.
• the spinning bath and/or the viscose may also contain additional spinning aids; for instance, cation-active substances.
• gas bubbles may form in the filaments passing through the spinning bath at some distance from the spinning nozzle.
• the gas bubble grows as it presses the viscose present in the superficially coagulated filament back to the spinning nozzle.
• the length of the gas bubble may vary from 1 to 100 mm.
• the pressure created by such a gas bubble causes a weak wall of the filament to burst locally. Consequently a hollow portion or part is formed in the filament.
• a process for manufacturing rayon threads and rayon staple fibers from viscose which obviates the formation of large gas bubbles in the filaments.
• This process is carried out so that the viscose to be spun contains a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon, a mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof.
• the hydrocarbons must contain at least six carbon atoms, be liquid at 20 C., be miscible with carbon disulfide, be practically immiscible with water, and have a boiling point higher than that of carbon disulfide.
• the hydrocarbons are to be present in the viscose in an amount not higher than 0.04% by weight, based on the weight of the viscose.
• viscose is filtered by means of filter presses. These filter presses are painted and covered with cloth. Use is often made of cloth produced from polyvinyl chloride threads.
• This invention thus contemplates a process for producing rayon threads from viscose which comprises spinning viscose that contains a small amount of at least one selected aliphatic ether into an acidic spinning bath to produce spinning filaments therein, forming thread from said spinning filaments within said bath and drawing the resulting thread from the bath; the ether in the viscose allowing the resulting thread to have a glossy appearance and preventing the formation of large gas bubbles within the spinning filaments.
• this invention is directed to a process for producing rayon threads in which viscose containing one or more liquid aliphatic ethers is spun into a spinning bath containing sulfuric acid and its salts to form threads therein, and the resulting threads are removed from the bath and stretched; said aliphatic ethers containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, being liquid at 20 C., being miscible with carbon disulfide, being practically immiscible with water, having a boiling point higher than that of carbon disulfide, and being present in the viscose in an amount not higher than 0.04% by Weight based on the weight of the viscose.
• this invention is also concerned with the improved rayon threads produced from the ether-containing viscose which have a glossy appearance and which can be Woven into fabrics substantially free of bright spots, gs-Well as with staple fibers and fabrics obtained there- Since the viscose used in accordance with this invention contains only a small amount of the liquid ethers, the appearance of the resulting thread is not influenced. It might be expected, however, that the presence of these liquids would give the threads a dull appearance, because it is known that the presence of ethers and other organic solvents in viscose in a larger amount, e.g., 0.5 to 10% by weight, results in dull (white) threads. In that case, the dullness (whiteness) of the threads apparently is caused by the filaments being internally and superficially porous as a result of gas being formed therein.
• the component filaments of the threads obtained by the process of this invention are not at all porous and have a lustrous appearance.
• the single component filaments further show a higher strength than those filaments having voids which are spun from the viscose lots that do not contain the liquid ethers in the prescribed amount.
• the aliphatic ethers useful for the purposes of this invention include those ethers containing from 8 to carbon atoms.
• exemplary of these ethers are: butyl isobutyl ether, propyl isoamyl ether, dibutyl ether, di sec butyl ether, diisobutyl ether, ethyl hexyl ether, methyl heptyl ether, butyl isoamyl ether, dipentyl ether, ethyl octyl ether, diheptyl ether, octyl hexyl ether, dioctyl ether, ethyl cetyl ether, octyl decyl ether, heptyl dodecyl ether, didecyl ether, and the like.
• the amount of aliphatic ether added to the viscose must be no greater than 0.04% by weight of the Weight of the viscose.
• a particularly effective working range for the ethers extends from about 0.01 to about 0.04% by weight based on the viscose.
• Higher amounts, e.g., 0.06 to 0.1% and above also have been found to prevent the formation of large gas bubbles in the spinning filaments.
• the resulting threads have a dull appearance and therefore are not suitable for the purposes of this invention.
• the spinning baths employed by the process of this invention contain sulfuric acid and certain of its salts, e.g., sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and the like in various weight proportions. Also, different detergents including lauryl pyridinium chloride and the like may be present in the spinning bath.
• ethers in the process of this invention allows various apparatus to be used for preparation and spinning of viscose without causing substantial dissolving of paints, polymeric filters and the like. It will be also appreciated that an additional advantage obtained by using the ethers is that upon dcaeration of the viscose prior to spinning, the foam formed at the surface quickly breaks up.
• liquid ethers contemplated by this invention may take place in any stage of the preparation of viscose.
• the ethers may be added to the alkali cellulose, or they may be added to the viscose after its preparation.
• the ethers may be injected into the spinning conduit through which the viscose is passed to the spinning machine.
• Example I A viscose was prepared from alkali cellulose which was xanthated with 32% by weight of carbon disulfide, based on the cellulose in the alkali cellulose.
• the viscose which had a Hottenroth maturity index of about 6 and a viscosity at 20 C. of 33 seconds (Ball Fall Method) was spun through a spinning nozzle with 18 orifices into a spinning bath at 55 C.
• the bath contained 7% by weight of sulfuric acid, 17% by weight of sodium sulfate, 4% by weight of magnesium sulfate, 3% by weight of zinc sulfate, and 40 milligrams per liter of laurylpyridinium chloride.
• a freshly formed thread with a tex of 8 was drawn from the spinning bath at a rate of 60 meters per minute, and stretched by in the air. The rate at which the thread was fed into a rotating spinning pot was 75 meters per minute.
• the spinning filaments While passing through the spinning bath, the spinning filaments showed long gas bubbles which caused the filaments locally to burst so that hollow portions or parts were formed in the filaments.
• the formation of long gas bubbles was prevented in the filaments.
• the filaments further did not contain small voids and showed smooth surfaces. As a result, the threads had a normal glossy appearance.
• the formation of long gas bubbles was also prevented in the filaments.
• the filaments contained numerous microscopically minute voids and had porous surfaces. As a result, the threads were dull.
• the remainder of the viscose was divided into several lots (1 to 15). Various amounts of different aliphatic ethers were added to the viscose lots and then the viscose lots were spun in the same manner as the initial viscose.
• Example 11 In this example, alkali cellulose similar to that used in Example I was divided into several lots (1 to 10) and viscose lots were prepared and spun into threads in the same manner described in Example I.
• dipentyl ether was added in such amounts that the viscose lots prepared therefrom contnined 0.04% by weight and 0.06% ether, respectively.
• diheptyl ether was added in such amounts that the viscose lots prepared therefrom contained 0.04% by weight, and 0.06% by weight of diheptyl ether, respectively.
• didecyl ether was added in such amounts that the viscose lots prepared therefrom contained 0.04% by weight, and 0.06% by weight of didecyl ether, respectively.
• the resulting filaments did not contain minute voids and had smooth surfaces.
• the threads had a glossy appearance.
• Example III by weight of dipentyl Example III
• the procedures used in Example II were repeated with the exception that the ethers were added to the Xanthated alkali cellulose instead of to the alkali cellulose.
• a process for producing rayon threads from viscose which comprises spinning viscose that contains from about 0.01 to about 0.04%, by weight, based on the weight of the viscose of an aliphatic ether, into an acidic spinning bath to produce spinning filaments therein, forming thread from said spinning filaments Within said bath and drawing the resulting thread from the bath, the ether in the viscose being selected from the group consisting of butyl isobutyl ether, propyl isoamyl ether, dibutyl ether, di-sec-butyl ether, diisobutyl ether, ethyl hexyl ether, methyl heptyl ether, butyl isoamyl ether, dipentyl ether, ethyl octyl ether, diheptyl ether, octyl hexyl ether, dioctyl ether, ethyl cetyl ether,

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)

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Citations (7)

• 1965
  • 1965-06-12 NL NL6507541A patent/NL6507541A/xx unknown
• 1966
  • 1966-06-06 US US555237A patent/US3377179A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (7)

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