US3376403A - Bottom-hole electric heater - Google Patents

Bottom-hole electric heater Download PDF

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Publication number
US3376403A
US3376403A US410682A US41068264A US3376403A US 3376403 A US3376403 A US 3376403A US 410682 A US410682 A US 410682A US 41068264 A US41068264 A US 41068264A US 3376403 A US3376403 A US 3376403A
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heater
pipes
conductors
hole
electric heater
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US410682A
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Mircea Driga
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MINISTERUL PETROLULUI
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Mini Petrolului
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/78—Heating arrangements specially adapted for immersion heating

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A bottom-hole electric heater comprising a plurality of conductors of preferably spiral shape which are encased in temperature resistant material and extend through a corresponding number of pipes of ferro-magnetic material.
  • the pipes also protect the conductors encased therein from damage while the bottom-hole heater is in the well casing.
  • the present invention relates to an electric bottomhole heater for stimulating oil production in an oil bearing strata.
  • chamotte reclay
  • the heat energy supplied by these heater types is not uniform, as the point of direct heat dissipation is thermally insulated from the medium to which the heat is to be supplied by the immobile air layer present between the steel pipe walls and the insulating tubes as well as by the chamotte layer. This requires a substantially higher temperature in the resistive conductors, due to the high temperature drop across the thermal insulation.
  • Another known bottom-hole heater type which eliminates the above described disadvantages brought about by drying, uses precalcinated chamotte .powder instead of the wet mixture.
  • heat conduction is still poor in this known device and its manufacturing process is complicated.
  • the bottomhole heater of this invention comprises one or more pipes made of ferromagnetic material.
  • the pipes may have various shapes and contain axially extending insulated conductor Wherethrough the inductive current flows.
  • the heat produced by the Joule losses due to the eddy currents induced in the pipes is directly supplied to the fluid in the producing oil well, which contacts directly the body of the heater.
  • the bottom-hole heater according to the invention comprises three pipes 1, 2, 3, of spiral shape.
  • Each pipe includes an axially extending conductor 4, said conductor being insulated from the pipe by means of a temperature resistant material 5 (glasslibre stocking, aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide, porcelain heads).
  • the ends of the three pipes 1, 2, 3, are mounted in the connecting part 6, and the conductors 4 extend through the insulating parts 7 and 8 and end either at the terminals 9, to which the supply line is connected, or at the terminals 10 which effect a three phase star connection.
  • the connecting part 6 includes a tapered threaded portion 11 for connecting the heater to the power cable stuing-box assembly, which is identical to the ones employed for bottom-hole heaters presently in use.
  • the heat energy is directly supplied to the surrounding uid, which in turn transfers it to the producing well section.
  • the turns are welded together, either directly by welding beads 12, or by longitudinal bands.
  • the device of this invention can be simply and inexpensively manufactured.
  • An electric bottom-hole heater comprising in combination, a connecting member, a plurality of electrical terminals mounted in said connecting member, a plurality of electrical conductors being connected to said plurality of electrical terminals and projecting from said connecting member, a corresponding plurality of pipes of ferromagnetic material being mounted in said connecting member and projecting therefrom, each pipe of said plurality of pipes being coaxial with and surrounding a corresponding conductor of said plurality of conductors, whereby when said plurality of electrical terminals are connected to a source of electric power the current axially ilowing through said plurality of electrical conductors induces eddy currents in said plurality of pipes and, consequently, heat energy is produced in said plurality of pipes by means of the Joule effect.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Description

April 2, 968 D.' MIRCEA 3,376,403
BOTTOM-HOLB ELECTRI C HEATER Filed NOV. l2, 1964 IIVENTOR om. GA Mmc A WMU/@W ATTORN EY United States Patent 3,376,403 ROTTGM-HOLE ELECTRIC HEATER Drig Mircea, Cimpina, Rumania, assignor to Ministerul Petrolului, Bucharest, Rumania Filed Nov. 12, 1964, Ser. No. 410,682 4 Claims. (Cl. 219-10.49)
ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A bottom-hole electric heater comprising a plurality of conductors of preferably spiral shape which are encased in temperature resistant material and extend through a corresponding number of pipes of ferro-magnetic material. When an inductive current passes through the conductors heat energy is produced in the pipes due to the Joule losses caused by the eddy currents induced in the pipes.
The pipes also protect the conductors encased therein from damage while the bottom-hole heater is in the well casing.
The present invention relates to an electric bottomhole heater for stimulating oil production in an oil bearing strata.
Various electric heater types are known for downhole heating of oil production wells.
The most commonly used is the three-phase electric bottom-hole heater type which comprises three spiral elements which act as resistive conductors, the latter are inserted and secured in chamotte (reclay) insulating tubes, which are, subsequently lled with a chamotteclay-water-sodium silicate mixture and, after the mixture has dried, the conductors are sealed in a pressure resistant assembly consisting of three metal pipes.
The heat energy supplied by these heater types is not uniform, as the point of direct heat dissipation is thermally insulated from the medium to which the heat is to be supplied by the immobile air layer present between the steel pipe walls and the insulating tubes as well as by the chamotte layer. This requires a substantially higher temperature in the resistive conductors, due to the high temperature drop across the thermal insulation.
In addition thereto the drying process requires a long period of time and considerable heat consumption; and chemical reactions between some substances contained in the chamotte and the resistive conductors may also occur, which sometimes causes the resistive conductors to break during the manufacturing process or leads to early failures while in operation.
Another known bottom-hole heater type which eliminates the above described disadvantages brought about by drying, uses precalcinated chamotte .powder instead of the wet mixture. However heat conduction is still poor in this known device and its manufacturing process is complicated.
It is a general object of this invention to provide a bottom-hole heater which eliminates all of the disadvantages of the aforedescribed prior art devices. The bottomhole heater of this invention comprises one or more pipes made of ferromagnetic material. The pipes may have various shapes and contain axially extending insulated conductor Wherethrough the inductive current flows. The heat produced by the Joule losses due to the eddy currents induced in the pipes is directly supplied to the fluid in the producing oil well, which contacts directly the body of the heater.
These and other features and advantages of the present invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description thereof which is to be read with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
The bottom-hole heater according to the invention comprises three pipes 1, 2, 3, of spiral shape. Each pipe includes an axially extending conductor 4, said conductor being insulated from the pipe by means of a temperature resistant material 5 (glasslibre stocking, aluminum oxide or magnesium oxide, porcelain heads).
The ends of the three pipes 1, 2, 3, are mounted in the connecting part 6, and the conductors 4 extend through the insulating parts 7 and 8 and end either at the terminals 9, to which the supply line is connected, or at the terminals 10 which effect a three phase star connection.
The connecting part 6 includes a tapered threaded portion 11 for connecting the heater to the power cable stuing-box assembly, which is identical to the ones employed for bottom-hole heaters presently in use.
When an energizing voltage is supplied to the bottomhole heater inductive currents are produced which by creating eddy currents in the pipe bodies cause heat energy to be produced by the Joule effects.
The heat energy is directly supplied to the surrounding uid, which in turn transfers it to the producing well section.
In order to prevent the transformation elect from giving rise to an appreciable potential dilierence, between the turns of the heater, the turns are welded together, either directly by welding beads 12, or by longitudinal bands.
The advantages of the present invention are as follows: f
A highly eicient heat transfer by conduction is effected. The device of this invention can be simply and inexpensively manufactured.
Although my inventionv has been illustrated and described with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, I wish to have it understood that it is in no way limited to the details of such embodiment but is capable of numerous modifications within the Scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. An electric bottom-hole heater, comprising in combination, a connecting member, a plurality of electrical terminals mounted in said connecting member, a plurality of electrical conductors being connected to said plurality of electrical terminals and projecting from said connecting member, a corresponding plurality of pipes of ferromagnetic material being mounted in said connecting member and projecting therefrom, each pipe of said plurality of pipes being coaxial with and surrounding a corresponding conductor of said plurality of conductors, whereby when said plurality of electrical terminals are connected to a source of electric power the current axially ilowing through said plurality of electrical conductors induces eddy currents in said plurality of pipes and, consequently, heat energy is produced in said plurality of pipes by means of the Joule effect.
2. The electric bottom-hole heater as set forth in claim 1, including heat resistant insulating material disposed in each pipe between the conductors extending therethrough and the interior walls of the corresponding surrounding pipe.
3; The. electric bottom-hole heater as set forth in claim 2,302,774 11/ 1942 Jarrsy 'y 219410.51 1Wherein said 'plurality of pipes and said plurality of 2,472,445 6/1949 Sprong 219-278 X conductors are of mating spiral configuration. 3,071,675 l/1963 Cronberger 2l9-10.51
4. The electric bottom-hole heater as set forth in claim 1,989,582 l/ 1935 Becker et al. 219-10-49 1, wherein said plurality of pipes are pressure resistant 5 2,635,168 4/ 1953 Lerza et al 2l9-10.49 and thereby protect said plurality of conductors which 2,977,454 3/ 1961 Volker 2l9-336 are disposed therein.
References Cited y UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,229,630 1/1941 somes 219-1079 1G RICHARD M. WOOD, Primary Examiner.
L. H. BENDER, Assistant Examiner.
US410682A 1964-11-12 1964-11-12 Bottom-hole electric heater Expired - Lifetime US3376403A (en)

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Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3591770A (en) * 1966-04-05 1971-07-06 Chisso Corp Heat generating pipe
US4574172A (en) * 1981-11-25 1986-03-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Brazing wand with fiber optic temperature sensor
US20080053985A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-03-06 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Inductive heating apparatus and method
US20080053986A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-03-06 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Apparatus and method for temperature cycling
US20080087420A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-17 Kaminsky Robert D Optimized well spacing for in situ shale oil development
US20080087426A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-17 Kaminsky Robert D Method of developing a subsurface freeze zone using formation fractures
US20080173443A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2008-07-24 Symington William A Methods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
US20080207970A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-08-28 Meurer William P Heating an organic-rich rock formation in situ to produce products with improved properties
US20080217325A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-09-11 Itherm Technologies, Lp Apparatus and method for inductive heating of a material in a channel
US20080230219A1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Kaminsky Robert D Resistive heater for in situ formation heating
US20080271885A1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2008-11-06 Kaminsky Robert D Granular electrical connections for in situ formation heating
US20080290719A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Kaminsky Robert D Process for producing Hydrocarbon fluids combining in situ heating, a power plant and a gas plant
US7540316B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2009-06-02 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Method for inductive heating and agitation of a material in a channel
US20090145598A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-11 Symington William A Optimization of untreated oil shale geometry to control subsidence
EP2098683A1 (en) 2008-03-04 2009-09-09 ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company Optimization of untreated oil shale geometry to control subsidence
US7669657B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2010-03-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Enhanced shale oil production by in situ heating using hydraulically fractured producing wells
US20100089575A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2010-04-15 Kaminsky Robert D In Situ Co-Development of Oil Shale With Mineral Recovery
US20100101793A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-04-29 Symington William A Electrically Conductive Methods For Heating A Subsurface Formation To Convert Organic Matter Into Hydrocarbon Fluids
US20100282460A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Stone Matthew T Converting Organic Matter From A Subterranean Formation Into Producible Hydrocarbons By Controlling Production Operations Based On Availability Of One Or More Production Resources
US20110176316A1 (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-21 Phipps J Michael Semiconductor lamp with thermal handling system
US20110176291A1 (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-07-21 Sanders Chad N Semiconductor lamp
US20110193473A1 (en) * 2011-03-18 2011-08-11 Sanders Chad N White light lamp using semiconductor light emitter(s) and remotely deployed phosphor(s)
US8122955B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-02-28 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Downhole burners for in situ conversion of organic-rich rock formations
US8146664B2 (en) 2007-05-25 2012-04-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Utilization of low BTU gas generated during in situ heating of organic-rich rock
US8151884B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2012-04-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Combined development of oil shale by in situ heating with a deeper hydrocarbon resource
US8151877B2 (en) 2007-05-15 2012-04-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Downhole burner wells for in situ conversion of organic-rich rock formations
US8230929B2 (en) 2008-05-23 2012-07-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Methods of producing hydrocarbons for substantially constant composition gas generation
US8616280B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2013-12-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Wellbore mechanical integrity for in situ pyrolysis
US8616279B2 (en) 2009-02-23 2013-12-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Water treatment following shale oil production by in situ heating
US8622127B2 (en) 2010-08-30 2014-01-07 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Olefin reduction for in situ pyrolysis oil generation
US8770284B2 (en) 2012-05-04 2014-07-08 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods of detecting an intersection between a wellbore and a subterranean structure that includes a marker material
US8863839B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2014-10-21 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Enhanced convection for in situ pyrolysis of organic-rich rock formations
US9080441B2 (en) 2011-11-04 2015-07-14 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Multiple electrical connections to optimize heating for in situ pyrolysis
US9394772B2 (en) 2013-11-07 2016-07-19 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for in situ resistive heating of organic matter in a subterranean formation
US9512699B2 (en) 2013-10-22 2016-12-06 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Systems and methods for regulating an in situ pyrolysis process
US9644466B2 (en) 2014-11-21 2017-05-09 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of recovering hydrocarbons within a subsurface formation using electric current
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US2229680A (en) * 1938-05-26 1941-01-28 Howard E Somes Polyphase high frequency heating device
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US2635168A (en) * 1950-11-04 1953-04-14 Pakco Company Eddy current heater
US2977454A (en) * 1959-11-12 1961-03-28 Wiegand Co Edwin L Electric immersion heater
US3071675A (en) * 1960-09-13 1963-01-01 Dow Chemical Co Induction heater

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US1989582A (en) * 1933-06-07 1935-01-29 William C Becker Electrically heated mattress, pad, cushion, and the like
US2229680A (en) * 1938-05-26 1941-01-28 Howard E Somes Polyphase high frequency heating device
US2302774A (en) * 1942-03-27 1942-11-24 Thad L Jarvis Electric heater for oil wells
US2472445A (en) * 1945-02-02 1949-06-07 Thermactor Company Apparatus for treating oil and gas bearing strata
US2635168A (en) * 1950-11-04 1953-04-14 Pakco Company Eddy current heater
US2977454A (en) * 1959-11-12 1961-03-28 Wiegand Co Edwin L Electric immersion heater
US3071675A (en) * 1960-09-13 1963-01-01 Dow Chemical Co Induction heater

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3591770A (en) * 1966-04-05 1971-07-06 Chisso Corp Heat generating pipe
US4574172A (en) * 1981-11-25 1986-03-04 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Brazing wand with fiber optic temperature sensor
US20080173443A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2008-07-24 Symington William A Methods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
US7631691B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2009-12-15 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Methods of treating a subterranean formation to convert organic matter into producible hydrocarbons
US20100078169A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2010-04-01 Symington William A Methods of Treating Suberranean Formation To Convert Organic Matter Into Producible Hydrocarbons
US8596355B2 (en) 2003-06-24 2013-12-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Optimized well spacing for in situ shale oil development
US20100089575A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2010-04-15 Kaminsky Robert D In Situ Co-Development of Oil Shale With Mineral Recovery
US8641150B2 (en) 2006-04-21 2014-02-04 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company In situ co-development of oil shale with mineral recovery
US20080217325A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-09-11 Itherm Technologies, Lp Apparatus and method for inductive heating of a material in a channel
US7723653B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2010-05-25 Itherm Technologies, Lp Method for temperature cycling with inductive heating
US7718935B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2010-05-18 Itherm Technologies, Lp Apparatus and method for inductive heating of a material in a channel
US7449663B2 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-11-11 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Inductive heating apparatus and method
US7540316B2 (en) 2006-08-16 2009-06-02 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Method for inductive heating and agitation of a material in a channel
US20090084775A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2009-04-02 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Inductive heating apparatus and method
US20080053986A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-03-06 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Apparatus and method for temperature cycling
US20080053985A1 (en) * 2006-08-16 2008-03-06 Itherm Technologies, L.P. Inductive heating apparatus and method
US7647972B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2010-01-19 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Subsurface freeze zone using formation fractures
US7516787B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2009-04-14 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of developing a subsurface freeze zone using formation fractures
US20090101348A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2009-04-23 Kaminsky Robert D Method of Developing Subsurface Freeze Zone
US20080087420A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-17 Kaminsky Robert D Optimized well spacing for in situ shale oil development
US20080087426A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-17 Kaminsky Robert D Method of developing a subsurface freeze zone using formation fractures
US7516785B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2009-04-14 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of developing subsurface freeze zone
US7647971B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2010-01-19 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Method of developing subsurface freeze zone
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US7669657B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2010-03-02 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Enhanced shale oil production by in situ heating using hydraulically fractured producing wells
US20100319909A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2010-12-23 Symington William A Enhanced Shale Oil Production By In Situ Heating Using Hydraulically Fractured Producing Wells
US20080207970A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-08-28 Meurer William P Heating an organic-rich rock formation in situ to produce products with improved properties
US20090107679A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2009-04-30 Kaminsky Robert D Subsurface Freeze Zone Using Formation Fractures
US8151884B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2012-04-10 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Combined development of oil shale by in situ heating with a deeper hydrocarbon resource
US20080230219A1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2008-09-25 Kaminsky Robert D Resistive heater for in situ formation heating
US20080271885A1 (en) * 2007-03-22 2008-11-06 Kaminsky Robert D Granular electrical connections for in situ formation heating
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US20080290719A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Kaminsky Robert D Process for producing Hydrocarbon fluids combining in situ heating, a power plant and a gas plant
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US8146664B2 (en) 2007-05-25 2012-04-03 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Utilization of low BTU gas generated during in situ heating of organic-rich rock
US20090145598A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-11 Symington William A Optimization of untreated oil shale geometry to control subsidence
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US20100101793A1 (en) * 2008-10-29 2010-04-29 Symington William A Electrically Conductive Methods For Heating A Subsurface Formation To Convert Organic Matter Into Hydrocarbon Fluids
US8616279B2 (en) 2009-02-23 2013-12-31 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Water treatment following shale oil production by in situ heating
US20100282460A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Stone Matthew T Converting Organic Matter From A Subterranean Formation Into Producible Hydrocarbons By Controlling Production Operations Based On Availability Of One Or More Production Resources
US8540020B2 (en) 2009-05-05 2013-09-24 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Converting organic matter from a subterranean formation into producible hydrocarbons by controlling production operations based on availability of one or more production resources
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